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Objective: To analyze the relationship between glucose and blood lipid among adolescents aged 12-17 years in eastern China during 2016-2017., Methods: The data comes from the "Chinese Children and Nursing Mothers Nutrition and Health Monitoring" during 2016-2017. The detection of blood glucose and blood lipids were conducted among 8873 subjects(4405 boys, 4468 girls) from 8 provinces and 3 municipality of eastern China by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Logistic regression was used to explore the factors related to abnormal blood glucose., Results: The average fasting blood-glucose of boys was(5. 24±0. 53)mmol/L, and girls was(5. 13±0. 54)mmol/L(t=9. 64, P<0. 05). The average fasting blood-glucose decreased with the increased of age(F=109. 50, P<0. 05). The abnormal rate of fasting blood-glucose differed among the subjects of various age groups were significant difference(χ~2=27. 16, P<0. 05). The abnormal rate fasting blood glucose of boys was 3. 44%(149 cases), and girls was 1. 93%(85 cases)(χ~2=14. 06, P<0. 05). The abnormal rate of 12-13 years old was the higest(n=126, 3. 58%) and the 16-17 years old was the lowest(n=42, 1. 67%). Both the TC and LDL-C were higher among the subjects with abnormal fasting blood glucose than those with normal fasting blood glucose(t=3. 03, P<0. 05;t=2. 41, P<0. 05). The result of logistic analysis showed that as the increase of TC level, the risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose was increased(OR=1. 98, 95%CI 1. 06-3. 71)., Conclusion: The level of fasting blood glucose and the abnormal rate of fasting blood glucose varies in age and sex. The higher level of TC might be the risk factor of abnormal fasting blood glucose among adolescents.

Oral ingestion is the main exposure pathway through which humans ingest trace metals in the soil, particularly for children. Metals in different soil particle size fractions may vary in terms of concentration and properties. Urban school/kindergarten soil samples were collected from three cities: Lanzhou in northwest China, Wuhan in central China, and Shenzhen in southeast China. Soil samples were classified according to particle size (<63 μm, 63-150 μm, 150-250 μm, and 250-2000 μm) to estimate the effects of soil particle size on the total content and bioaccessibility of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Based on the results, we assessed whether the standard size <150 μm (containing < 63 μm and 63-150 μm), recommended by the Technical Review Workgroup (TRW) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and <250 μm (containing < 63 μm, 63-150 μm, and 150-250) recommended by the Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE), are suitable where the largest proportion adhering to hands is the finest soil (<63 μm). The results showed that different metals exhibited different relationships between soil particle size and content and between soil particle size and bioaccessibility. Pb and Zn generally exhibited the greatest bioaccessibility in the coarsest particle sizes (250-2000 μm); whereas the highest Ni bioaccessibility occurred in the finest sizes (<63 μm); the bioaccessibility of other metals did not exhibit any obvious relationships with particle size. When assessing health risks using bioaccessible metal content in the recommended soil particle size ranges (<150 μm and <250 μm) and in finer particles (<63 μm), the results for noncarcinogenic risks to children exhibited no obvious difference, while the actual carcinogenic risks may be underestimated with the use of soil particle size ranges < 150 μm and <250 μm. Therefore, when choosing an optimal particle size fraction to evaluate the health risk of oral soil ingestion, we recommend the use of the bioaccessible metal content in <63 μm soil fraction., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze salt intake among Chinese aged 60 and above in2010- 2012., Methods: Data was from 2010- 2012 Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance. Salt and condiment intake information of Chinese elderly was collected by the 3-condecutive days-24-hour dietary recall and food weighting method, the average salt intake was calculated based on energy percentage of family members., Results: The daily average salt intake of Chinese elderly was( 8. 8 ± 6. 8) g / d, the level was( 9. 5 ± 7. 2) g / d for male and( 8. 2 ± 6. 3) g / d for female, ( 7. 9 ± 6. 2) g / d for urban areas and( 9. 9 ±7. 2) g / d for rural areas. Salt intake among the elderly in big cities, medium-sized and small cities, general rural and poor rural was( 7. 3 ± 5. 8) g / d, ( 8. 6 ± 6. 6) g / d, ( 9. 9 ±6. 9) g / d and( 10. 1 ± 7. 9) g / d, respectively. The average daily salt intake decreased with increasing age and also declined with the increase of per capita annual income, while the average daily intake of salt increased from illiteracy to primary school and thendecreased in junior middle-school or above. Compared with the salt recommendation( less than 6g / d) from Chinese residents dietary guidelines 2016 edition, there were only37. 7% of elderly meet with salt recommendation, 41. 0% of participants were in the level between 6 g to 11 g, and 21. 4% were higher than 12 g. Urban participants whose salt intake were less than 6 g, 6 g to 11 g and higher than 12 g accounted for 43. 4%, 40. 3%and 16. 3%, while in rural areas these percentage were 30. 7%, 41. 7% and 27. 6%, respectively., Conclusion: The daily average salt intake among Chinese elderly was still in high level, and the elderly should reduce salt consumption gradually.