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Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Backgroud: Presently, the impact of Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) on asthma onset is unknown. Aims: To evaluate the role of CRSwNP in asthma onset. Materials and Methods: A total of 3107 CRSwNP patients were retrospectively screened from 1 January 2018, to 31 May 2021; 624 patients were enrolled. Clinical data regarding nasal symptoms, Lund-Mackay scores, blood eosinophil percentage, and onset of asthma were analyzed. Patients were divided into different groups according to past history of nasal polyps, Lund-Mackay score, and the extent of blood eosinophilia. Asthma-free rates between these subgroups were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models. Results: The prevalence of asthma was 10.90% in patients with CRSwNP, and new-onset asthma occurred in 3.14% of these patients. Higher Lund-Mackay scores for ethmoid sinus and maxillary sinus (E/M) and blood eosinophil percentages were two independent risk factors for new-onset asthma, with hazard ratios of 1.267 (95%CI, 1.155–1.390) and 1.224 (95%CI, 1.054–1.422), respectively. CRSwNP patients with an E/M ratio > 2.33 or a blood Eos percentage > 5.5% were at risk for asthma onset. Conclusions and significance: Blood eosinophilia and a higher E/M score ratio were associated with new-onset asthma in patients with CRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and postoperative outcomes in patients with chronic sinusitis (CRS) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We conducted an observational cohort study of 1,047 patients with CRS undergoing ESS. Discharged patients were followed up to 72 weeks for all-cause recurrence events. Baseline SES was established based on occupation, education level, and family income of the patients 1 year before the operation. Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the recovery rate after ESS, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between SES and prognosis. Patients of middle SES had lower unadjusted all-cause recurrence than those of low or high SES; 24-week overall recovery rate was 90.4% [95 % confidence interval (CI) : 89.6%–91.2%] in patients of middle SES, 13.5% (95 % CI : 12.8%–14.2%) in patients of low SES, and 31.7% (95 % CI : 30.7%–32.7%) in patients of high SES (both log-rank P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, hazard ratios (HRs) were 7.69 (95 % CI: 6.17–9.71, P trend < 0.001) for all-cause recurrence for low SES versus middle SES, and 6.19 (95 % CI : 4.78–7.93, P trend < 0.001) for middle SES versus high SES. Low SES and high SES were more associated with the worse prognosis of CRS patients after ESS than middle SES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains a common and challenging clinical entity, and its economic burden has not been well described in China thus far. A total of 101 CRSwNP patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were included to investigate direct costs in the first year post-surgery. Costs for outpatient visits, medication use, and examination costs were obtained from the Hospital Information System, and differences were compared between subgroups. Multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to investigate the main influencing factors on annual total direct costs for CRSwNP patients. Ninety-two subjects completed the study. The individual mean total direct cost for a CRSwNP patient 1 year post-surgery was $742.4. The largest contributors were pharmacy costs ($580.2), followed by examination costs ($108.1) and outpatient visits ($54.1). Total direct costs were higher in subgroups of patients with uncontrolled clinical status, asthma comorbidity, and eosinophilic CRSwNP compared to their counterparts. The main influencing factors were clinical control status (P = 0.016) and asthma comorbidity (P = 0.035). The individual mean total direct cost of CRSwNP in 1-year post-surgery was $742.4. Clinical control status and asthma comorbidity influence these costs and are therefore important in guiding health resources allocation for CRSwNP management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on postoperative recurrence of chronic sinusitis (CRS) is unclear. To investigate the association between T2DM and postoperative recurrence in CRS patients. CRS patients who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2018 to April 2020 were included and followed up for three years. Patients were classified into non-recurrent and recurrent CRS groups based on follow-up outcome, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for postoperative recurrence. A total of 412 CRS patients were included of whom 68 had T2DM. The postoperative recurrence rate was significantly higher in the T2DM group compared to the non-T2DM group (p <.05). T2DM prevalence and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were higher in recurrent CRS patients than those in non-recurrent CRS cases (p <.05). Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, duration of disease, FBG, and comorbid allergic rhinitis (AR) were significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative recurrence of CRS (p <.05). Furthermore, adjusted logistic regression model revealed that T2DM was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence of CRS (p <.05). Elevated FBG levels may significantly influenced the postoperative recurrence of CRS in Chinese patients, and T2DM was an independent risk factor for recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) in China is characterized by a mixed eosinophilic-neutrophilic inflammation, linking to a more heterogeneous clinical phenotype. However, the relationship between eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in Chinese patients with CRSwNP remains largely unknown. We aimed to further characterize the correlation between neutrophils with eosinophils in relation to clinical characters and disease control status after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods: A total of 242 patients were recruited and stratified based on tissue (≥10%) eosinophilia and (≥20/per high-power field) neutrophilia. Clinical characteristics and disease control status were compared between subgroups. Associations between tissue eosinophils and neutrophils were analyzed. Results: The uncontrolled patients accounted for 41.3%, 41.3%, 17.1%, and 22.2% in subjects with concomitant tissue eosinophilia and neutrophilia (EN-high), isolated eosinophilia (E-high), isolated neutrophilia (N-high), and no eosinophilia and neutrophilia (EN-low), respectively. Positive correlations between tissue eosinophils and neutrophils were observed in patients with CRSwNP as well as in EN-high and N-high subgroups but not in E-high and EN-low subgroups. The EN-high subgroup had higher tissue eosinophil numbers than the other three subgroups. Both EN-high and E-high subgroups had higher rates of uncontrolled subjects than the N-high and EN-low subgroups; however, there was no difference in the rate of uncontrolled subjects between EN-high and E-high subgroups and between N-high and EN-low subgroups. Conclusion: Tissue neutrophils might have a potential interaction and mutual promotion effect with eosinophils in CRSwNP. However, tissue neutrophilia would not pose significant risk for poor disease control after ESS. Further larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the predictors of olfactory improvement after endoscopic sinus surgery among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Method: This prospective cohort study included patients admitted to a university hospital between 2006 and 2012. Assessment using odour identification testing, a sinonasal symptom questionnaire, the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and mucus biomarker levels was performed at various time points. Correlation of variables with identification score differences at six post-operative time points and at baseline was performed, followed by multiple linear regression to determine significant predictors at each of the six post-operative time points. Results: Baseline absence of acute sinusitis, elevated serpin F2 and anterior rhinorrhoea predict early olfactory improvement, whereas baseline allergic rhinitis predicts late olfactory improvement. Baseline odour identification score was the strongest predictor across all time points. Conclusion: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps with worse disease or baseline olfactory function may benefit more from endoscopic sinus surgery in terms of olfactory improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine whether and how interleukin (IL)-1α is involved in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: Nasal polyp (NP) and control tissues were collected from CRSwNP patients and control subjects. The expression of IL-1α and other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-13, etc.), as well as neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation, were examined in sinonasal tissues using immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescent (IF) staining, qPCR, and Luminex, respectively. Moreover, the regulation of IL-1α expression and its effects on other proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated in cultured nasal epithelial cells (NECs). Results: The mRNA and protein levels of IL-1α were significantly higher in NP tissues compared to that in control tissues. IL-1α in polyp tissues was mainly located in epithelial cells and neutrophils. Polyps IL-1α level was significantly associated with IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-13 production, as well as tissue neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, poly (I:C), lipopolysaccharides, Flagellin, R848 and cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) significantly increased the expression of IL-1α in cultured NECs in vitro, and recombinant IL-1α significantly promoted production of IL-8 and CXCL1 in cultured NECs. Conclusions: These findings provided the evidence that IL-1α were significantly increased in NP tissues, which may contribute to tissue neutrophilia in CRSwNP patients in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the associations between weekly alcohol consumption and the risk and surgical outcome of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS). Design: A case–control study. Setting and Participants: The study population consisted of 1095 CRS patients and 909 healthy collected from the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2018 and December 2019. Main Outcome Measures: Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to estimate the association of alcohol consumption with the risk and surgical outcomes of CRS. Odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated separately. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Results: As compared with nondrinkers, the multivariable‐adjusted OR (95% CI) values of current drinkers consuming 7.5–22 drinks and >22 drinks per week were 2.158 (1.249–3.729) and 5.373 (2.912–9.911), respectively. The rate of mucosal epithelialization after CRS surgery for patients who drank 7.5–22 drinks and >22 drinks per week was lower than that of nondrinkers [HR (95% CI) = 0.487 (0.351–0.675) and 0.252 (0.184–0.346), respectively]. The association of alcohol consumption with the risk and surgical outcome of CRS was dose dependent (p <.01). Alcohol consumption increased the risk of CRS and extended the time of mucosal epithelialization after CRS surgery by possibly increasing serum IgE levels (p <.05). Conclusion: Higher alcohol consumption of >7.5 drinks per week was an independent risk factor for CRS and extended the time of mucosal epithelialization after surgery. As a potential underlying mechanism, alcohol consumption increases serum IgE levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common types of cancers in South China and Southeast Asia. Clinical data has shown that early detection is essential for improving treatment effectiveness and survival rate. Unfortunately, because the early symptoms of NPC are rather minor and similar to that of diseases such as Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), early detection is a challenge. This paper proposes using machine learning methods to detect NPC using routine medical test data, namely Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), k-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) and Logistic Regression (LR). We collected a dataset containing 523 newly diagnosed NPC patients before treatment, 501 newly diagnosed CRS patients before treatment as well as 600 healthy controls. The routine medical test data including age, gender, blood test features, liver function test features, and urine sediment test features. For comparison, we also used data from Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) antibody tests, which is a specialized test not included among routine medical tests. In our first test, all four methods were tested on classifying NPC vs CRS vs controls; RF gives the best overall performance. Using only routine medical test data, it gives an accuracy of 83.1%, outperforming LR by 12%. In our second test, using only routine medical test data, when classifying NPC vs non-NPC (i.e. CRS or controls), RF achieves an accuracy of 88.2%. In our third test, when classifying NPC vs. controls, RF using only routine test data achieves an accuracy significantly better than RF using only EBV antibody data. Finally, in our last test, RF trained with NPC vs controls, using routine test data only, continued to perform well on an entirely separate dataset. This is a promising result because preliminary NPC detection using routine medical data is easy and inexpensive to implement. We believe this approach will play an important role in the detection and treatment of NPC in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nasal and paranasal sinus abnormalities may be related to nasolacrimal duct obstructive disease but are strongly debated. Data of acute disease stage are lacking., Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are correlations between radiologic signs of sinus inflammation and acute dacryocystitis (AD)., Methods: This cross-sectional controlled study was conducted at Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China from February 2021 to November 2023. Forty-four consecutive patients with AD and 50 consecutive patients with orbital tumors (the control group), who completed preoperative computed tomography scans, were enrolled to evaluate the extent of their inflammatory sinonasal disease by the modified Lund-Mackay score system., Results: The inflammation signs of the paranasal sinuses (total mean sinus scores, 95% CI [0.00, 2.00]; P  < 0.001), namely the anterior ethmoid sinus(95% CI [0.00, 1.00]; P  < 0.001), the posterior ethmoid sinus(95% CI [0.00, 0.00]; P  = 0.003), the frontal sinus (95% CI [0.00, 0.00]; P  = 0.02), and the ostiomeatal complex ( P  < 0.001) were more extensive in patients with AD when compared with the controls. The disease course was negatively correlated with the anterior ethmoid ( P  = 0.03) and frontal scores ( P  = 0.01). The symptom of eyelid swelling was positively correlated with the anterior ethmoid ( P  = 0.03), ostiomeatal complex ( P  = 0.004), and total sinus scores ( P  = 0.005)., Conclusion: Inflammatory sinus disease was found to be more frequent in patients with AD, which was gradually alleviated with the prolongation of the disease course. The mutual spread of inflammation particularly in the acute course may play an important role in lacrimal duct obstructive disease.

Background. Chronic sinusitis (CRS) was a chronic inflammation that originated in the nasal mucosa and affected the health of most people around the world. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) was one kind of chronic sinusitis. Emerging research had suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) played vital parts in inflammatories and inflammation development. Methods. We acquired GEO data to analyze the differential expression between the miRNA, immune genes, TF, and lncRNA data in CRSWNP and the corresponding control tissues. Bioinformatic analysis by coexpression of endogenous RNA network and competitive way enrichment, analysis, and forecasting functions of these noncoding RNA. The different pathway expressions in CRSwNP patients were confirmed using GSVA to analyze the differentially expressed immune genes and TF data sets in CRSwNP patients. The differential immune gene and transcription factor data set in CRSwNP perform functional notes and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network structure. We predicted the potential genes and RNAs related to CRSWNP by constructing a ceRNA network. In addition, we also used 19 hub immune genes to predict the potential drugs of CRSWNP. lncRNA biomarkers in CRSwNP were identified by lncRNAs LASSO regression. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to contrast the divergence in immune infiltrations between CRSwNP and usual inferior turbinate organizations in 22 immunocyte subgroups. Results. We identified a total of 48 miRNAs, 304 lncRNAs, 92 TFs, and 525 immune genes as CRSwNP-specific RNAs. GO and KEGG pathways both analyzed differentially expressed immune genes and transcription factor data sets. We predicted the potential genes GNG7, TUSC8, LINC01198, and has-miR-6776-5p by constructing ceRNA and PPI networks. At the same time, we found that the above genes were involved in two important pathways: chemokine signal path and PI3K/AKT signal path. In addition, we predicted 5 small molecule drugs to treat CRSwNP by analyzing 19 central immune genes, namely, danazol, ikarugamycin, semustine, cefamandole, and molindone. Finally, we identified 5 biomarkers in CRSwNP, namely, LINC01198, LINC01094, LINC01798, LINC01829, and LINC01320. Conclusions. We had identified CRSwNP-related miRNAs, lncRNAs, TFs, and immune genes, which may be making use of latent therapeutic target for CRSwNP. At the same time, we identified 5 lncRNA biomarkers in CRSwNP. The results of this study showed that LINC01198 promoted the progression of CRSwNPs through spongy miR-6776-5p. Our studies provide a new way for further analyses of the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to detect the epidemiological relevance between adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and rhinosinusitis, and AH and allergic rhinitis (AR) through an Internet search. Methods: Internet search query data from January 2011 to December 2019 in China were retrieved from the Baidu Index (BI). Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to detect the correlation among the search volumes of AH, rhinosinusitis, and AR. We also collected search data from the first 5 months of 2020, when quarantine was implemented in China due to the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. Then, we compared the search data to those obtained during the same period in 2019 to assess the effects of isolation on AH and AR. Results: Statistically significant relevance was found between the search variations of AH and rhinosinusitis during 2011–2019 (R = 0.643, P < 0.05). However, the relationship between AH and AR was weak (R = − 0.239, P < 0.05) and that between rhinosinusitis and AR (R = − 0.022, P > 0.05) was not relevant. The average monthly search volume of AH and rhinosinusitis had a strong correlation (R = 0.846, P < 0.01), but AH and AR and rhinosinusitis and AR were not correlated (R = – 0.350, P > 0.05; R = – 0.042, P > 0.05, respectively). AH and rhinosinusitis search volumes decreased consistently during the first 5 months of 2020 (isolation), whereas that for AR increased during January–February. Conclusion: AH had an epidemiological relationship with rhinosinusitis, which was not consistent with AR. The decrease in public gathering effectively reduced the morbidities of AH and rhinosinusitis but not those of AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinusitis or rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses which can be due to autoimmune, allergy, and infection problems. Current study was aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm and antibacterial potential of different varieties of A sativum. Four different varieties (China white, China pink, Desi white, and Desi pink) were used and extracted with methanol and water. Results of antioxidant analysis of A sativum extracts showed that all varieties of garlic have considerable quantity of flavonoids with significant DPPH inhibition and reductive potential. Antibacterial activity of A sativum extracts was tested against different Gram negative and Gram-positive sinusitis isolates. All the sinusitis isolates were susceptible to both methanolic and aqueous extracts of different varieties of A sativum with least MIC values. Antibiofilm potential of extracts against sinusitis isolates was evaluated through crystal violet assay, and all extracts of A sativum were significantly effective against destruction of microbial biofilm. In summary, A sativum extracts possess effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against sinusitis isolates and can be utilized for prevention of drug resistance against sinusitis infections and further evaluation is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To explore the effect of Xinyi Biyan Pill in adjuvant treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its influence on serum inflammatory factors and immune function. Methods. From January 2017 to April 2020, 112 CRS patients admitted to this hospital were randomly divided into the control group (n = 52) and the study group (n = 60). The control group was treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), after the operation, levofloxacin capsules were taken orally, budesonide nasal spray was given, and the nasal cavity was flushed with normal saline; on the basis of that mentioned above, the study group was treated with Xinyi Biyan Pill orally after the surgery. The clinical efficacy and the symptom relief time of nasal congestion and runny nose, hyposmia, mucosal edema, and vesicles disappearance of the two groups after treatment were observed; the serum inflammatory factors' (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)) and immune function indexes' (total immunoglobulin E (TIgE), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+) expression levels before and after treatment in the two groups were detected; the recurrence of CRS after 1 year of treatment in the two groups was recorded. Result. After treatment, the total clinical effective rate of the study group (92.98%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (78.00%) (P < 0.05). After treatment, the symptom relief time of nasal congestion and runny nose, hyposmia, mucosal edema, and vesicle disappearance in the study group was shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the expression levels of serum CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the study group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the expression levels of serum TIgE and ECP of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, the expression levels of serum CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the study group had significant changes compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After 1 year of treatment, the recurrence rate of CRS in the study group (1.79%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (12.00%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Xinyi Biyan Pill has a significant clinical effect in adjuvant treatment of CRS patients. It can effectively reduce the expression level of serum inflammatory factors, improve the body's immune function, and prevent short-term recurrence. It is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that inflammatory patterns of nasal polyps from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in East Asia have changed over time. However, to date there is a marked lack of similar data for CRSwNP in Northern China. This study thus aimed to assess the changes in the clinical and histological characteristics of CRSwNP patients from Northern China over the past 2–3 decades. Methods: This was a retrospective study, which examined data from 2 groups of 150 CRSwNP patients each, who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 1993 to 1995 (group A) and from 2015 to 2019 (group B). All relevant data for demographic, clinical, and histological parameters were collected for each patient from the 2 groups and compared for overall changes between the 2 groups. Results: The comorbidity of CRSwNP and asthma increased over time and the cellular phenotype of CRSwNPchanged significantly; in particular, the proportion of eosinophil-dominant CRSwNP increased, lymphocyte-dominant and plasma-dominant CRSwNP decreased significantly, and the proportions of neutrophil-dominant and mixed CRSwNP were not altered. The rate of polyp recurrence increased in CRSwNP but did not in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Smoking and age did not significantly impact the inflammatory patterns of CRSwNP. Conclusions: The inflammatory patterns of CRSwNP patients have changed and comorbidity of asthma significantly increased in CRSwNP patients in Northern China over the past 2–3 decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The chronic rhinosinusitis patient-reported outcome (CRS-PRO) is a recently published disease-specific questionnaire designed for CRS patients, with fewer entries and ease of completion. This study aimed to translate the CRS-PRO questionnaire into Chinese and assess its reliability, validity, and responsiveness to provide Chinese patients with a more concise and efficient subjective assessment instrument., Methods: The Chinese version of the CRS-PRO was created through forward-backward translations and cultural adaptation. Here, 168 CRS patients (118 patients CRS with nasal polyps [CRSwNP] and 50 patients with CRS without nasal polyps [CRSsNP]) and 43 healthy individuals were enrolled. All participants completed the CRS-PRO, 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), and EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) questionnaires preoperatively as well as 3 and 6 months after surgery., Results: The Chinese version of the CRS-PRO demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α of 0.813. It also exhibited a higher criterion validity (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) than the SNOT-22. A moderate association was found between the CRS-PRO and objective indicators such as the Lund-Mackay and endoscopic scores. Furthermore, the CRS-PRO, like the SNOT-22, could clearly distinguish CRS patients from healthy subjects (p < 0.01), as well as between the CRSwNP and CRSsNP subtypes (p < 0.01). Additionally, changes in the CRS-PRO exhibited a larger effect size compared to changes in the SNOT-22 (Cohen's d = 1.05 and 0.93 vs. 0.71 and 0.90 for 3 and 6 months, respectively, all p < 0.01)., Conclusions: The Chinese version of the CRS-PRO is a concise, reliable, and responsive instrument that can be utilized as a novel subjective evaluation tool for future clinical practice., (© 2023 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.)

Objective To explore the influence of humanistic model of nursing on postoperative symptom relief and comfort of patients with chronic sinusitis. Methods A total of 140 patients undergoing surgical treatment for chronic sinusitis in Liaocheng People's Hospital from February 2018 to January 2020 were divided into a control group and an observation group by random number table method, with 70 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received routine nursing care, and the patients in the observation group received humanistic nursing care on the basis of the control group. Postoperative pain, complications and nasal mucosa recovery time were compared between the two groups. Results The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS ) of the observation group on the 1, 2, and 3 days after operation were lower than those of the control group (all P < 0. 05 ). The total complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P <0. 05 ). The degree of dry mouth in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P < 0. 05 ). The recovery time of nasal mucosa of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group (P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion Humanistic care can effectively relieve the postoperative pain of patients with chronic sinusitis, reduce the complication rate and promote early recovery of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A hallmark of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP) is mucosal eosinophil-predominant inflammation. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is a known biomarker of eosinophilic inflammation in the upper airway. However, the utility of nNO measurement in the upper airway remains controversial. The present study aimed to compare the use of other clinical parameters with nNO to prediagnose patients with eCRSwNP from Central China. Methods: From June 2019 to December 2019, 70 patients with CRSwNP undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled. nNO measurements were performed in all of these subjects. Computed tomography scans, full blood count with differential analysis, and determination of total immunoglobulin E (total IgE) and plasma cytokines were performed before surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the predictive potential of the clinical parameters. Results: We recruited 24 patients with eCRSwNP and 46 with noneosinophilic CRSwNP (non-eCRSwNP). In patients with eCRSwNP, nNO levels were significantly higher than those in patients with non-eCRSwNP (p < 0.0001). Blood eosinophil percentages and counts, total IgE, and CT-derived ethmoid sinus and maxillary sinus ratio (E/M ratio) were all significantly higher compared with those in patients with non-eCRSwNP (p < 0.05). To diagnose eCRSwNP, the highest area under the curve (0.803) was determined for nNO. At a cutoff of >329 parts per billion (ppb), the sensitivity was 83.30% and the specificity was 71.70%. However, the levels of plasma cytokines Th1/Th2 were not significantly different between the histological types of CRSwNP (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Measurement of nNO is useful for the early diagnosis of eCRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which analyzed the clinical data of 16 patients with chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (CIFRS) who were diagnosed in the Department of Rhinology of Beijing Tongren Hospital during the period from 2006 to 2014. Topics covered include the pathological features of CIFRS, its insidious onset and gradual progression, and the proposed feasible diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Objective: To explore the abnormal expression of HORMA domain containing protein 1 (HORMAD1) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and its correlation with the expression of inflammatory factors., Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, from August 2021 to October 2022., Methodology: Eighty CRS patients and 80 healthy volunteers participated in this study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The plasma samples of the patients were collected and the level of HORMAD1 was determined by RT-qPCR methods. Commercially available ELISA kits were used for the detection of the levels of cytokines, and the correlation between HORMAD1 expression and the level of cytokines was analysed., Results: HORMAD1 expression was significantly increased in CRS patients as compared to the healthy subjects. Moreover, the results of ROC curve suggested AUC for HORMAD1 was 0.9442, 95% confidence interval, 0.9057 to 0.9827. IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 as well as IFN-γ were all markedly elevated in the CRS group. Positive correlations were found between HORMAD1 expression and the cytokines., Conclusion: HORMAD1 may trigger an inflammatory response in CRS patients. The results of the current study could be beneficial for improving the therapeutic efficacy of CRS patients., Key Words: HORMAD1, Chronic rhinosinusitis, Expression, Inflammatory factors, DNA damage, Cytokines.

Background: Traditionally, it was believed that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) demonstrated less eosinophilic and more neutrophilic inflammation in China compared to North America and Europe. However, inflammatory patterns may change over time. The study aimed to analyze the changing trends in the clinical and histological characteristics of CRSwNP over time in China. Methods: A total of 115 consecutive CRSwNP patients from 2003 to 2005 and 114 consecutive CRSwNP patients from 2014 to 2016 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical and histological data were compared between patients from the 2 time periods. Results: The percentage of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue increased, and the percentage of neutrophils and total inflammatory cell count decreased, over 11 years. The proportion of eosinophilic CRSwNP significantly increased from 59.1% to 73.7% over 11 years. The proportion of neutrophils and the total inflammatory cell count in nasal polyps decreased, and the proportion of eosinophilic CRSwNP patients using intranasal corticosteroids 1 month before surgery increased remarkably over 11 years. Moreover, eosinophilic CRSwNP patients had better compliance with intranasal corticosteroid use than non‐eosinophilic CRSwNP patients, and patients with comorbid allergic rhinitis and asthma had better compliance with intranasal corticosteroid use than patients without those conditions. Conclusion: Eosinophilic CRSwNP, which was previously a minor subtype in East Asians, has increased remarkably in incidence to become the predominant CRSwNP subtype in Beijing, China, indicating that rhinologists should place greater emphasis on its diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a persistent sinonasal mucosa inflammatory disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP in Northern China remain unknown. Methods: A miRCURY™ LNA Array was used to analyze miRNA profiles in nasal mucosa tissues of CRSwNP patients (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 10). Subsequent pathways were predicted by DIANA‐mirPath software. Results: Five upregulated miRNAs, including miR‐210‐5p, miR‐3178, miR‐585‐3p, miR‐3146, and miR‐320e, and 19 downregulated miRNAs, including miR‐32‐3p, miR‐1299, miR‐3196, miR‐3924, and miR‐548e‐3p, were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, fold change >2) in tissues of CRSwNP vs controls. Utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG), which is an online database for pathway mapping, mucin type O‐glycan biosynthesis pathway was significantly enriched in upregulated miRNAs. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were significantly linked to downregulated miRNAs. Conclusion: The mucin type O‐glycan biosynthesis pathway and TGF‐β signaling pathway are regulated by miRNAs, which could be our focus in the future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a clinical rare peculiar disorder, mainly featured by respiratory infection, tympanitis, nasosinusitis, and male infertility. Previous study demonstrated it is an autosomal recessive disease and by 2017 almost 40 pathologic genes have been identified. Among them are the leucine-rich repeat- (LRR-) containing 6 (LRRC6) codes for a 463-amino-acid cytoplasmic protein, expressed distinctively in motile cilia cells, including the testis cells and the respiratory epithelial cells. In this study, we applied whole-exome sequencing combined with PCD-known genes filtering to explore the genetic lesion of a PCD patient. A novel compound heterozygous mutation in LRRC6 (c.183T>G/p.N61K; c.179-1G>A) was identified and coseparated in this family. The missense mutation (c.183T>G/p.N61K) may lead to a substitution of asparagine by lysine at position 61 in exon 3 of LRRC6. The splice site mutation (c.179-1G>A) may cause a premature stop codon in exon 4 and decrease the mRNA levels of LRRC6. Both mutations were not present in our 200 local controls, dbSNP, and 1000 genomes. Three bioinformatics programs also predicted that both mutations are deleterious. Our study not only further supported the importance of LRRC6 in PCD, but also expanded the spectrum of LRRC6 mutations and will contribute to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of PCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A multi-center population-based, cross-sectional study in China were conducted. • Significant risks of eosinophilic CRSwNP with the increased levels of PM exposure. • Casual mediation analysis was used to examine the potential role of eosinophils. • Eosinophils had significant mediation effects on PM and CRSwNP recurrence. • Machine learning models were performed to predict the CRSwNP recurrence risk. We evaluated the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and predicted the CRSwNP recurrence risk using machine learning algorithms. In total, 1,086 patients with CRSwNP were recruited from nine hospitals in China during 2014–2019. The average annual concentrations of ambient PMs before surgery were assessed using satellite-based daily concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 for a 1 × 1-km2 area. Linear regression and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of PM exposure with eosinophilia and risks of eosinophilic CRSwNPs. In addition, mediation effect analysis was used to validate the interrelationships of the aforementioned factors. Finally, machine learning algorithms were used to predict the recurrence risks of CRSwNPs. There was a significantly increased risk of eosinophilic CRSwNPs with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM s , with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.039 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.007–1.073) for PM 10 and 1.058 (95% CI = 1.007– 1.112) for PM 2.5. Eosinophils had a significant mediation effect, which accounted for 52% and 35% of the relationships of CRSwNP recurrence with PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively. Finally, we developed a naïve Bayesian model to predict the risk of CRSwNP recurrence based on PM exposure, inflammatory data, and patients' demographic factors. Increased PM exposure is associated with an increased risk of eosinophilic CRSwNP in China. Therefore, patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP should reduce PM exposure to mitigate its harmful impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common nasal disorder in children that is prone to recurrence. This study investigated the prevention of chronic rhinosinusitis recurrence with bacteria lysate in children.Methods:Bacteria lysate was administered 10 days per month for 3 months to children with chronic rhinosinusitis, who had just entered a remission phase. Visual analogue score, nasal symptoms scores, rhinitis attack frequency and antibiotic use were assessed at three months and one year.Results:At one year of follow up, the visual analogue score, nasal discharge and obstruction scores, number of days with rhinitis attacks per month and number of days with antibiotic use per month were significantly decreased in the prevention group versus the control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion:Bacterial lysate used in the remission period of rhinosinusitis in children was shown to provide long-term prophylaxis. Bacterial lysate can effectively reduce the frequency of rhinosinusitis attacks and ameliorate attack symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a case of facial skin infection and sinusitis caused by Mycobacterium marseillense in an immunocompetent woman in China in 2018. The infection was cleared with clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, and amikacin. Antimicrobial drug treatments could not be predicted by genetic analyses; further genetic characterization would be required to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The prevalence of allergic rhinitis ( AR) has increased worldwide in recent decades. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of self-reported AR and profiles of AR-related comorbidities in the adult population of China over time. Methods This study surveyed residents of 18 major cities in mainland China. Telephone interviews were conducted with study participants after sampling target telephone numbers by random digit dialing. The questions asked during telephone interviews were based on those included in validated questionnaires and focused on topics regarding AR, nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), acute/chronic rhinosinusitis (ARS/CRS), asthma, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Results During 2011, a total of 47 216 telephone interviews were conducted, and the overall response rate was 77.5%. When compared with the AR prevalence in 11 cities surveyed in 2005, there was a significant increase in self-reported adult AR in eight of those cities ( P < 0.01). In 2011, the standardized prevalence of self-reported adult AR in the 18 cities was 17.6%. The concentration of SO2 was positively correlated with the prevalence of AR ( r = 0.504, P = 0.033). A multiple regression model showed that the absolute change in household yearly income was significantly associated with the change in the prevalence of AR ( R2 = 0.68), after adjusting for PM10, SO2, NO2, temperature, and humidity. The overall prevalences of NAR, ARS, CRS, asthma, and AD in the general population were 16.4%, 5.4%, 2.1%, 5.8%, and 14%, respectively. Conclusion During a 6-year period, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of self-reported AR in the general Chinese adult population. The incidence of AR being accompanied by rhinosinusitis, asthma, or AD was significantly higher among individuals having self-reported AR compared with the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ConclusionThe HNE–TACE signalling pathway has an important role in the process of MUC5AC overexpression in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).ObjectivesTo provide evidence of HNE-induced MUC5AC overexpression in CRS via TACE.MethodHE and PAS staining were used to assess the pathological changes in sinus mucosa samples from CRS or normal control. HNE, TACE, and MUC5AC expression in the sinonasal mucosa was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, the MUC5AC and TACE expression was determined in a primary culture of human nasal mucosa epithelial cellsin vitro.ResultsOn HE staining, the main pathological feature in the sinus mucosa of CRS patients was hyperplasia of goblet cells, inflammatory cells, and submucosal glands. Mucosa from the two experimental groups also showed strong expression on PAS staining. IHC and qRT-PCR demonstrated that HNE, TACE, and MUC5AC expression was significantly higher in the CRS patients compared with control samples (p < 0.05). MUC5AC mRNA expression was higher in cells stimulated by HNE than in untreated cells (p < 0.05). MUC5AC mRNA expression was significantly reduced in cells pre-treated with the TACE inhibitor TAPI-1 prior to HNE stimulation, compared with untreated and HNE-stimulated cells (p < 0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as a condition of inflammation in the paranasal sinus mucosa persisting for more than 12 weeks. We previously reported that the prevalence of CRS was about 8 % in China. Here, we aim to investigate the occupational and environmental risk factors associated with CRS.Methods: Data were collected from seven Chinese cities: Urumqi, Changchun, Beijing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Huaian and Guangzhou. CRS was diagnosed according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EP(3)OS) document. Participants were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire, which was developed by the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) project and covered sociodemographic characteristics, CRS-related symptoms and occupational and environmental exposures. We evaluated the association between CRS and various occupational and environmental factors using odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs).Results: The total study population consisted of 10,633 subjects, 850 (7.99 %) of whom were defined as having CRS according to the EP(3)OS criteria. We found that there were significant associations between occupational and environmental factors and CRS. Specifically, having a clearance-related job, occupational exposure to dust, occupational exposure to poisonous gas, a pet at home or carpet at home or at the workplace were risk factors for CRS. Additionally, the method used to keep warm in winter, the duration of time spent using air conditioning in summer and the frequency of exposure to mouldy or damp environments were significantly different in subjects with and without CRS.Conclusions: Our data showed that some occupational and environmental exposures are strongly associated with CRS, which aids in understanding the epidemiology of CRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic sinusitis (CRS) is a common otorhinolaryngologic disease that is frequently encountered in everyday practice, but there is a lack of precise data regarding the prevalence of CRS in developing countries. We performed a national investigation in China to determine the prevalence and associated factors of CRS. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional investigation in 2012. A stratified four-stage sampling method was used to select participants randomly from seven cities in mainland China. All participants were interviewed face-to-face via a standardized questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between smoking and sinusitis after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Results This study included a total of 10 636 respondents from seven cities. The overall prevalence of CRS was 8.0% and ranged from 4.8% to 9.7% in seven centres. Chronic sinusitis affected approximately 107 million people in mainland China. Chronic sinusitis was particularly prevalent among people with specific medical conditions, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and gout. The prevalence was slightly higher among males (8.79%) than females (7.28%) ( P = 0.004), and the prevalence varied by age group, ethnicity and marital status and education ( P < 0.05), but not by household per capita income or living space ( P > 0.05). Both second-hand tobacco smoke and active smoking were independent risk factors for CRS ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Chronic sinusitis is an important public health problem in China. Our study provides important information for the assessment of the economic burden of CRS and the development and promotion of public health policies associated with CRS particularly in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, and Corynebacterium appear to be more frequently associated with patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) than with patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) or control subjects. Furthermore, the isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus appears to be much lower in Chinese CRSwNP patients compared with their caucasian counterparts. Objectives: To compare the predominant bacteriologic profiles in middle meatus of patients with CRSwNP, those with CRSsNP, and control subjects. Methods: A total of 165 CRSwNP patients, 76 CRSsNP patients, and 44 control subjects were recruited into the study. Swab samples were obtained from the middle meatus during endoscopic sinus surgery and processed for the presence of aerobic and non-aerobic bacteria and fungi. Results: Mostly aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were detected in the samples from all three study groups, of which the most common aerobic bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae. In contrast, comparatively few anaerobic bacteria and fungi were isolated from the three study groups. In CRSwNP patients, significantly more Gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the subgroup with normal eosinophil numbers than from the subgroup with increased blood eosinophils ( p = 0.005). Correspondence analysis showed coagulase-negative staphylococci to be closely associated with all three patient groups, whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, and Corynebacterium species were associated with CRSwNP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been many reports on the adverse impacts of exposures to particulate matter in the air but relatively few of these have been related to exposures to ultrafine particles (UFP) in the indoor environment. To investigate exposures to (UFP) in domestic environments, and the association with childhood respiratory symptoms in Zongshan, China a modified Thoracic Society questionnaire was completed by 359 households with children. Air quality monitoring took place in 37 households using a P-Trak instrument to determine concentration of UFPs in rooms. The mean number of UFP was 4.1 × 104 cm−3. A range of factors was found to be associated with UFP concentration and self-reported childhood respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that behavioural and environmental factors contribute to increased UFP concentrations indoors although there was no statistically signification correlation between indoor ultrafine particle concentration and any reported repeated episodes of respiratory symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Conclusions: The long-term quality of life of adolescents with chronic rhinosinusitis improved significantly after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and endoscopic sinus surgery showed certain benefits for adolescent patients. The selection of appropriate patients may further improve the surgical outcomes and quality of life. Objective: To analyze the long-term quality of life in adolescents (12-18 years) with chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery, and to evaluate the value of endoscopic sinus surgery in adolescent patients. Methods: From 2003 to 2008, 729 adolescents with chronic sinusitis underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in our department; 270 of these patients were included in the study. Their quality of life was assessed before and within 3-8 years after the surgery using the SNOT-20 scale and was compared with that of healthy individuals of the same age. Results: The SNOT-20-based assessment showed that the overall quality of life differed significantly before and after surgery ( p = 0.000) and that some symptoms (dizziness, sense of facial oppression, sleep difficulty, embarrassment, and fatigue) had no significant differences before and after surgery ( p > 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative symptoms (dizziness, sense of facial oppression, sleep difficulty, embarrassment, and fatigue) showed no significant differences between the healthy population and treated patients ( p > 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The development of CRS is believed to be the result of combined interactions between the genetic background of the affected subject and environmental factors. Objectives: To replicate and extend our recent findings from genetic association studies in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) performed in a Canadian Caucasian population in a Chinese population. Methods: In a case-control replication study, DNA samples were obtained from CRS with (n = 306; CRSwNP) and without (n = 332; CRSsNP) nasal polyps, and controls (n = 315) in a Chinese population. A total of forty-nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from previous identified SNPs associated with CRS in Canadian population, and SNPs from the CHB HapMap dataset were individually genotyped. Results: We identified two SNPs respectively in RYBP (rs4532099, p = 2.15E-06, OR = 2.59) and AOAH (rs4504543, p = 0.0001152, OR = 0.58) significantly associated with whole CRS cohort. Subgroup analysis for the presence of nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP) displayed significant association in CRSwNP cohorts regarding to one SNP in RYBP (P = 3.24E-006, OR = 2.76). Evidence of association in the CRSsNP groups in terms of 2 SNPs (AOAH_rs4504543 and RYBP_rs4532099) was detected as well. Stratifying analysis by gender demonstrated that none of the selected SNPs were associated with CRSwNP as well as CRSsNP. Meanwhile 3 SNPs (IL1A_rs17561, P = 0.005778; IL1A_rs1800587, P = 0.009561; IRAK4_rs4251513, P = 0.03837) were associated with serum total IgE level. Conclusions: These genes are biologically plausible, with roles in regulation of transcription (RYBP) and inflammatory response (AOAH). The present data suggests the potential common genetic basis in the development of CRS in Chinese and Caucasian population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) treatment has achieved good long-term results in patients in South China with fungal ball rhinosinusitis. Gender (female), age (young), nasal polyps, allergy, high Lund-Mackay scores, prior sinus surgery and diabetes mellitus affect patients' outcomes. Objective: To evaluate objective testing and quality of life (QOL) outcomes of patients with fungal ball rhinosinusitis before and after ESS in South China and to determine preoperative factors that predict surgical outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes for 330 patients with fungal ball rhinosinusitis after ESS. QOL was assessed using Sinonasal Outcome Test−20 (SNOT-20), Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires and visual analogue scale (VAS). Objective testing was evaluated by Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system. Prognostic factors were determined based on the QOL scores and Lund-Kennedy scores after ESS using a multivariate linear regression. Results: ESS significantly improved the objective testing and QOL outcomes in patients with fungal ball rhinosinusitis ( p < 0.05). Objective outcome: postoperative Lund-Kennedy scores were significantly worse in patients with nasal polyps, allergy and high Lund-Mackay scores ( p < 0.05). QOL outcomes: postoperative SF-36 scores were adversely affected by gender (female), age (young), nasal polyps, allergy and prior sinus surgery ( p < 0.05); postoperative VAS scores were adversely affected by gender (female), nasal polyps, allergy and diabetes mellitus ( p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To To cite this article: Ba L, Zhang N, Meng J, Zhang J, Lin P, Zhou P, Liu S, Bachert C. The association between bacterial colonization and inflammatory pattern in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps. Allergy 2011; 66: 1296-1303. Abstract Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) can be subdivided according to the mucosal inflammatory patterns. In mainland China, apart from interleukin (IL)-5-positive and IL-17-positive polyps, a large group of patients with IL-5/IL-17/interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-negative nasal polyps (referred to as key cytokine-negative (KCN) polyps) can be found. Objective: To further study the KCN polyps and evaluate the associations between bacterial colonization and mucosal inflammatory pattern in KCN vs IL-5-positive nasal polyps. Methods: Nasal polyp or nasal turbinate tissue was obtained from 89 Chinese CRSwNP patients and 36 nonatopic control subjects during surgery. Samples without and after SEB exposure were processed for the assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators by immunoassay. Prior to surgery, nasal swabs were taken from each patient for microbiological evaluation. Results: Overall, 80% polyp tissue did not express IL-5, with about 70% (49/71) of these being KCN. Key cytokine-negative nasal polyps were characterized by the synthesis of mediators promoting neutrophilic inflammation (myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8), whereas IL-5-positive nasal polyps were characterized by the synthesis of mediators promoting eosinophilic inflammation (IL-5, ECP, total IgE and SE-IgE). Key cytokine-negative nasal polyps were associated with greater Gram-negative bacterial load compared with controls, while IL-5-positive nasal polyps were associated with greater Gram-positive bacterial colonization vs controls and KCN polyps. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the bacteria colonizing nasal polyps of CRSwNP patients may impact on or be determined by the presence/absence of IL-5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Moxifloxacin was generally well tolerated and highly effective in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABS). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was low. The effectiveness, safety, and tolerability information collected in this study confirm the clinical safety profile of moxifloxacin and its benefit as a treatment option for ABS. Objective: To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of moxifloxacin under daily life treatment conditions in patients with ABS. Methods: The study was carried out in China between September 2005 and May 2007. Patients with ABS were treated with moxifloxacin tablets 400 mg once daily for a duration that was left to the physician's discretion. Data were collected on demography, diagnosis of infection, pretreatment, concomitant diseases and medications, moxifloxacin therapy, course of symptoms during investigations, and final assessment of therapy. Results: In all, 578 patients with ABS treated with moxifloxacin were valid for effectiveness analysis. An improvement was observed in 98.8% ( n = 571/578) of the patients. Cure was documented in 89.4% ( n = 517/578) of the patients. The physicians' overall tolerability rating was ‘very good’ or ‘good’ in 92.9% ( n = 537/578) of patients. The incidence rates of AEs and ADRs were 1.5% ( n = 10/681) and 0.6% ( n = 4/681), respectively. No serious AE was reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date there is no information on the expression of mediators associated with tissue remodeling in Asian patients with chronic rhinitis with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. Objectives: To study the expression of TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), collagen, and regulatory T cells in Chinese patients with CRSwNP and CRSsNP. Methods: Thirty-six male and female subjects (12 patients with CRSwNP, 12 patients with CRSsNP, and 12 control subjects), age 17 to 60 years, were recruited into the study. Samples were collected from polyp and sinusoidal mucosal, ethmoidal mucosal, or inferior turbinate in the respective groups and assessed for TGF- β1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4 by immunoassay; collagen by histochemistry; and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) mRNA by real-time PCR. Results: Patients with CRSwNP showed significantly lower concentrations of TGF-β1, TIMP-1, TIMP-4, FOXP3, and collagen compared with patients with CRSsNP. Although there were no significant differences between the concentrations of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in patients with CRSwNP and CRSsNP, these were significantly increased compared with control patients. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations were not significantly different in any patient group, whereas TIMP-3 was not detectable. Conclusion: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is characterized by a relative lack of TGF-ß expression versus CRSsNP. This finding may be causal for decreased collagen, TIMP-1/4, and FOXP3 expression in CRSwNP versus CRSsNP. TGF-ß serves as a main switch for different remodeling patterns in sinus disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Drywall from China has been reported to release sulfur producing products which are corrosive to metals, result in noxious odors, and represent a significant health risk. It has been reported that these emissions produce medical symptoms such as respiratory or asthma type problems, sinusitis, gastrointestinal disorders, and vision problems in home owners and their household pets. We report here a method of identifying a causative agent for these emissions by sampling affected gypsum wallboard and subjecting those samples to Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction [RT-PCR] studies. Specific DNA probes and primers have been designed and patented that detect a specific iron and sulfur reducing bacterium (i.e., Thiobacillus ferrooxidans). One hundred percent of affected drywall samples obtained from homes located in the southeastern United States tested positive for the presence of T. ferrooxidans. All negative controls consisting of unaffected wallboard and internal controls, Geotrichum sp., tested negative within our limits of detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffuse panbronchiolitis in ChinaCHEN Y, KANG J, LI S.Respirology2005;10: 70–75Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a progressive inflammatory disease, well recognized in Japan, that is characterized by chronic sinusitis and obstructive small airway disease. A total of 40 patients with DPB in mainland China were reviewed in order to describe the epidemiology of DPB in China and to compare their clinical characteristics with those of cases reported in Japan.A systematic search was conducted of the Chinese language literature published in mainland China from 1996 to 2003. The 40 subjects who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for DPB were retrospectively analysed for clinical, physiological, radiological, and pathological features and their geographic distribution.The 40 patients included in this study (31 male and nine female) were distributed in 12 provinces and three other cities in China. All presented with chronic cough, sputum production, and 32 had exertional dyspnoea. All but three had a history of sinusitis. Lung function assessment showed a mixed obstructive-restrictive pattern in 30 cases. CXR revealed diffuse fine nodular shadows in all patients. Human leukocyte antigen-B54 was positive in five patients (n = 12). A total of 30 (75%) patients had been misdiagnosed prior to their diagnosis of DPB being made.DPB is not rare in China but its incidence is relatively low. Poor recognition and/or genetic factors may be the reason. The clinical, radiographic and histological features of Chinese patients resemble those described in Japanese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The anterosuperior portion of the bulla lamella can extend into the frontal sinus and form the supra bulla frontal cell (SBFC) and supraorbital ethmoid cell (SOEC). This can affect the frontal drainage pathway and make surgery more challenging., Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the anatomical characteristics of SBFC and SOEC in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and explore the relationship between the cells and frontal sinusitis (FS). The surgical skills in dealing with these cells were also studied., Methods: We prospectively identified SBFC and SOEC in 114 patients with CRS by computed tomography (CT). The sides of the patients were divided into groups A (with FS) and B (without FS). CT scans were analyzed to distinguish the SBFC, SOEC, and the drainage pathway. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether the cells were associated with the occurrence of FS., Results: The prevalence of frontal cells was as follows: SBFC: 9.65%, SOEC: 21.93%. There was an association between the presence of SBFC and FS (p < 0.05). The anterior drainage pathway was present in patients with SBFC and SOEC, anterolateral pathway in those with SBFC/SOEC coexisting with the frontal septal cell, and anteromedial pathway in those with SBFC/SOEC coexisting with the supra agger frontal cell., Conclusions: There was an association between the presence of SBFC and the occurrence of FS. Extension of the anterosuperior portion of the bulla lamella into the frontal sinus obstructed the drainage pathway posteriorly. Understanding the anatomy may help surgeons thoroughly dissect the bulla lamella., (© 2021 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

The article presents a study which provides a comparative analysis on the fattyoil composition from samples belonging to three Xanthium species growing in China, which is the X. sibiricum, X. sibiricum var, and X. mongolicum. It notes that the plant species have been used in the oriental countries as traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of many diseases which include sinusitis, headache, and urticaria. A chart related to the comparative analysis of the fattyoil components is specified.