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Criminal law interpretation in China faces two primary challenges in terms of value judgments. Normative interpretations often fall into circular and inadequate reasoning, while judges, the key figures in applying interpretive principles, frequently lack the necessary value judgment engagement and proficiency. Traditional criminal law interpretation is ensnared in a subjective-objective dichotomy, resulting in a misalignment with the aim of "legitimate and rational" interpretation practices in China. To rectify this, a philosophical shift is required to allow intersubjective value judgments while maintaining subjectivity-objectivity as the prerequisite. Criminal law interpretation ensures the completeness of value judgments through a combination of specialized knowledge and public discourse. This involves the creation of systematic criteria for value judgments and adherence to legal principles. The former necessitates defining the internal and external standards of value judgments, formulating rules for the resolution of conflicting standards, and underlining the practical importance of criminalization under law, or "no crime or punishment without law" (the principle that only the law can define a crime and prescribe a penalty) and "Where no law applies, it is permissible to redefine a crime as non-criminal or minor" (decriminalization). The latter involves three perspectives: logical reasoning and theoretical arguments; positive and negative judgments; and formal and substantive rationality. Moreover, it should be approached from four dimensions: normative orientation, individual case promotion, reverse exclusion, and constitutional guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Korean peninsula has never managed to safely avoid the repercussions of hegemonic struggles or power transitions between great regional powers. Yoon's foreign and security policies are heavily dependent on the ROK-US alliance. The most serious foreign and security challenges facing the Yoon government will likely come from South Korea-China relations. Examining various scenarios in the era of the US-China strategic competition, it is imperative for the Yoon government to pursue a strategy of 'pro-U.S. and harmonious relations with China (親美和中).' South Korea must actively pursue a policy of regional security cooperation, multilateralism, and coalition among middle powers in order to alleviate the risks of abandonment and entrapment vis-à-vis the U.S. on the one hand and to defend against and prevent interference and retribution by China on the other. As the Yoon administration has stressed, transforming the U.S.-South Korea alliance into a comprehensive global alliance and cooperating closely with the U.S. on security as well as key strategic industries is unavoidable. But the strategic cooperative partnership with China also needs to be respected. At a minimum, a situation in which the South Korea-China relationship devolves into a hostile one needs to be avoided. There is a need to strengthen communication and cooperation with China in non-strategic areas and non-traditional security. At the same time, military and security preparedness needs to be enhanced in preparation for drastic changes to the regional security environment in Northeast Asia. New security issues such as health, cyber, the environment, and climate change are areas in which cooperation with both the U.S. and China can be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Though empirical studies of the Marshall hypotheses are rich, few examined the hypotheses in non-US nations. Based on a sample of 1077 students and a quasi-experimental design, this study tests the Marshall hypotheses in China. Except the control group, three intervention essays (on 'international trend', 'wrongful conviction', and 'deterrence') were provided to three experimental groups and students' opinions were surveyed afterwards on capital punishment overall and six specific capital offenses. The results showed that the majority of Chinese students favored capital punishment and the wrongful conviction essay helped significantly reduce students' support in the overall death penalty opinion, consistent with the Marshall hypotheses. Nevertheless, the international trend and deterrence essays boosted students' support when opinions on specific capital offenses were surveyed, producing a counter-effect. Consistent with the hypotheses, students with a retribution belief were more likely to favor capital punishment and less likely to be swayed by essay interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whether there were any gender differences among college students in Bangladesh (N = 258), China (N = 524), Nigeria (N = 274), and the United States (N = 484) in death penalty support and belief in the criminological ideologies (retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, morality, life without parole, and innocence) to support or oppose it. No significant gender difference between men and women in the overall level of death penalty support was observed except in the United States. In addition, although there were some gender-based differences in reasons to support or oppose the death penalty, the differences were not as common and only rarely as pronounced as in the United States. The findings indicate that the gender gap in capital punishment views may be limited to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many nations impose the death penalty, yet most of the literature on capital punishment has focused on Western nations, particularly the U.S. China and Japan are two retentionist nations. Based on the data collected in 2005, this study examined the level of death penalty support and views on capital punishment among college students from China, Japan, and the U.S. It was found that Chinese respondents reported the highest level of death penalty support, followed by Japanese and U.S. students. Respondents from China and Japan were more likely to believe in the deterrence value of capital punishment than their U.S. counterparts. Views on retribution differed among the respondents. U.S. students were most likely to feel that innocent people are sentenced to death. In multivariate analyses, deterrence was the strongest correlate of death penalty views among Chinese and Japanese respondents, followed closely by retribution. For both Chinese and Japanese students, the barbarity of government taking the life of a person was the strongest predictor for opposing the death penalty. For U.S. respondents, retribution was the strongest reason for supporting capital punishment and the barbarity of executions was the strongest reason for opposing the death penalty. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Discusses the moral integrity of the death penalty from the dual perspectives of retribution and utility within the traditional theory of punishment in China. Definition of retribution; Relevance of evaluating the justice of the death penalty; Balance between crime and punishment.