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The surface air temperature seasonal cycle in China has clearly changed in response to global warming, but its future projection has yet to be studied. Here, we investigate the performance and projection of the temperature seasonal cycle in China in 32 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). The characteristics of the temperature seasonal cycle, as represented by the amplitude and phase, are measured by the Fourier transform. The results show that the CMIP6 models can reasonably capture the observed typical temperature seasonal cycle feature with clear north–south gradients both for amplitude and phase in China. In the twenty‐first century, the models robustly project a delay in the phase across the whole country and a reduction in the amplitude in most of China relative to the reference period. Those changes are similar in the two shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios, with overall larger magnitudes in the SSP5‐8.5 scenario than in the SSP2‐4.5 scenario. Projected amplitude changes are mainly linked to surface energy flux changes, especially latent heat flux changes. In response to future global warming, larger increases in the latent heat flux and thus stronger surface evaporative cooling lead to weaker surface warming in summer than in winter, contributing to a decrease in the amplitude of the temperature seasonal cycle in most regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual periodic deformation of Earth's surface can be obtained indirectly using existing models. However, model reliability is affected by numerous uncertain factors such as indirect observation, inversion algorithms, and other factors. In this study, a model of annual vertical surface displacements of mainland China is built based on the direct observation of deformation by 234 continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) stations and unified data processing using the multisurface function method (referred to as the GPS model). The GPS model shows that the weighted root mean square (WRMS) is reduced for 97% of the GPS stations after applying the model correction. The average, maximum, and minimum reductions in the WRMS are 11.6%, 37.2%, and −3.6%, respectively. The slope of the fit lines are 0.40 and 0.61 for the GPS/SLM and GPS/GRACE annual periodic amplitudes, respectively, while a slope of 0.79 for GPS/GPS model from this paper, showing the advantage of GPS model in the representing of surface displacement. Additionally, the GPS model can accurately reflect the detailed motion characteristics of mainland China, particularly in areas between large and small hydrological changes. The difference between models and GPS observation in mainland China may be related to the leakage errors in the GRACE data processing and large uncertainty in the land water storage in SLM, indicating that GPS model may provide more realistic load estimates in mainland China. The GPS model can accurately describe the annual signal, which will be extremely important for practical applications and geoscience research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 vaccines have been conditionally used in a few countries, including China since December 2020. The present study aimed to examine whether the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination changed in different COVID-19 epidemic phases in China. Two consecutive surveys were conducted among Chinese adults in March (n = 2058) (severe epidemic phase) and November–December (n = 2013) (well-contained phase, right before the COVID-19 vaccine was conditionally approved) 2020, and 791 respondents were longitudinally followed-up. The attitude, acceptance, and preferences for future COVID-19 vaccination were compared between two epidemic phases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors of acceptance. Among the 791 respondents longitudinally followed, 91.9% in March and 88.6% of them in November–December 2020 would like to get COVID-19 vaccination in China. In March 58.3% wished to get vaccinated immediately, but the proportion declined to 23.0% in November–December 2020, because more respondents wanted to delay vaccination until the vaccine's safety was confirmed. Similar results were found by comparing all respondents from the two cross-sectional surveys in different epidemic phases. The risk perception, attitude for the importance of vaccination against COVID-19, vaccination history, valuing doctor's recommendations, vaccination convenience, or vaccine price in decision-making had impacts on respondents' intention for immediate vaccination. The public acceptance for COVID-19 vaccination in China sustained at a high level in different COVID-19 epidemic phases. However, the intention of immediate vaccination declined substantially due to concerns about the vaccine's safety. Information about vaccination safety from authoritative sources, doctor's recommendations, and vaccination convenience were important in addressing vaccine hesitancy and promoting successful herd immunity for the general population in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]