Search

This qualitative study delves into the intricate interplay of cultural norms, social networks, and unique challenges impacting female entrepreneurship in Mandan Village, Yunnan Province, China. Amidst evolving economic realities and entrenched traditional values, this research aims to unravel how these factors shape women's entrepreneurial endeavors in a rural context. The study's objectives are threefold: (1) to explore the influence of cultural norms on female entrepreneurship, (2) to investigate the role of social networks in supporting or challenging female entrepreneur, and (3) to identify the unique challenges and opportunities faced by female entrepreneurs in Mandan Village. Employing semi-structured interviews, field observations, and analysis of government documents, the study captures diverse perspectives from 3 village committee members, 6 local residents, 3 NGO representatives, and 3 female entrepreneurs, totaling is 15 individuals. Results uncover that conventional social standards altogether impact ladies' choices to become entrepreneurs and the kinds of organizations they lay out. Social networks are found to assume an essential part, offering fluctuating levels of assistance and assets. Female entrepreneurs face difficulties like adjusting business and family obligations, restricted admittance to resources, and exploring the digital gap. These experiences add to a nuanced comprehension of the variables influencing rural female entrepreneurship, offering important ramifications for policymakers, educators, and local area leaders. This research enriches the academic discourse on gender, culture, and entrepreneurship and underscores the importance of considering local contexts in fostering female economic empowerment and entrepreneurial choices in rural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the VUCA era, organizational resilience has become an important research topic in the management field. As the helmsman of an organization, the impact of leaders' personal mentality on organizational resilience cannot be ignored. Based on the survey data from 163 enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, this paper constructs and tests the relationship between leadership mindsets and organizational resilience. The results show that there is a positive correlation between leadership mindsets and organizational resilience. Cultural norms play a mediating role; innovative cultural norms play a mediating role between leaders' growth mindset and organizational resilience, and collaborative cultural norms play a mediating role between leaders' specified mindset and organizational resilience. In addition, supportive human resource practice plays a moderating role in the relationship between leadership mindsets and cultural norms. The research extends the research of leadership mindsets to the improvement of organizational resilience, and enhances the understanding and application of cultural norms and supportive human resources practices, providing scientific suggestions for the sustainable development of organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the globalization of business, historically developed business practices based on cultural values can suddenly become dysfunctional. Chinese exporters, particularly in small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), for instance, are adopting new trade credit risk practices in response to unreliable international customers. Through 45 in-depth interviews, we investigated how Chinese SMEs are changing their perspectives on International Trade Credit Risk Management by employing a cultural values evolution approach. We explained why some Chinese exporters, but not others, shift from affect-based to fact-based risk management practices concerning trade credit. As a major outcome of our research, we identified and articulated four alternative stances towards credit risk: conventionalism, polycentrism, pragmatism, and rationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy law, as it regulates the nonconsensual disclosure of personal life, is instrumental to how reputation in human society becomes created, destroyed, and redistributed. In the contemporary Chinese society, as in elsewhere, privacy protection, and the lack thereof, have played an important role in the making of the 'haves' and 'have-nots' in the society's reputation landscape. This Article makes a systematic effort towards accounting for China's contemporary legal regime that regulates its public figure privacy problems. Through examining leading court cases and relevant regulatory practices, this Article demonstrates that the Chinese privacy regime in the twenty-first century, as embedded in the country's overall information regulation apparatus, differs in significant ways from the corresponding Western paradigms in terms of its operational structure, cultural logic, and political dynamics. Since the beginning of the post-Cultural Revolution era, China's status-based privacy regime has for the most time been highly protective of government officials until they become expelled from the official ranks. It is often laissez-faire with respect to the privacy of famous individuals outside of the government system, but with notable exceptions for those enjoying an exalted status in the realm of high culture. Furthermore, it can be conspicuously hostile towards grassroot figures who aspire for the limelight. The impact such public figure privacy regime may have had on China's reputation landscape is conceivably regressive. As this Article explains, underlying such regime is a lasting, albeit evolving, cultural tradition that tends to associate privacy protection with a hierarchical moral outlook. Notwithstanding the importance of culture, this Article further argues that China's privacy regulation must also be understood as embedded in the country's political context. As the status-based privacy regime produces disparate reputational consequences, it provides the state with a lever to incentivize and manage a diverse network of elites, whom the state considers as agents for upholding its political and moral authority and implementing its policy agenda. China's privacy regime in the new millennium may thus be understood as having stemmed from an intricate political process as the state strategically responds to rising challenges from increasingly powerful and competing market and social forces over the production of information, fame, and influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are expected to self‐regulate their behaviour, even in emotionally charged situations. Yet, such expectations for self‐regulation, the degree to which compliance is expected, and the specific regulatory behaviours deemed desirable, vary by culture, age of child, and specific situation. In this study, 34 Chinese (17 females) and 39 U.S. (19 females) preschoolers were observed and compared in two socioemotionally challenging situations. Children's compliance to explicit and implicit rules, their regulatory behaviours, and the associations between regulatory behaviours and rule compliance were analysed across the two samples. U.S. children showed greater resistance to temptation and similar levels of repair of mishap as compared to Chinese children. In addition, Chinese children used more avoidance and self‐soothing strategies and fewer distractive strategies than U.S. children. The effectiveness of regulatory behaviours in predicting rule compliance varied by both task condition and cultural group. Object and self distractions were associated with lower rule compliance in the mishap task. Social distraction was positively predictive of U.S. children's rule compliance in the mishap task, but negatively associated with their compliance in the temptation task. Social distraction was unhelpful for Chinese children's compliance in both tasks. The complexities of cultural variations and dynamics in their relations to children's rule compliance and regulatory behaviours are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By investigating deep-rooted cultural norms, this paper explores whether and how traditional gender role attitudes impact income gaps between men and women and identifies causal effects via instrumental variable and other causal inference methods. Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2013, the results show that traditional gender role attitudes have a strong negative effect to the earnings of women but have no significant effect on men's incomes. Through Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, this research finds that the different effects of gender role attitudes on the incomes of men and women appear to play a prominent role in causing the gender gap in earnings. In addition, gender role attitudes have an indirect and broad effect on gender income inequality through educational attainment, labor force participation, working hours, and occupational status. These results provide us with a new perspective for understanding the persistence and mechanisms of gender income stratification under educational equalization and have implications for gender equality policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disparate fates of the polluter pays principle (PPP) as an instrument of municipal environmental governance in the environmental law of China, India, and the United States illustrate how institutions and culture can shape its use. In China, essential elements of the Chinese legal tradition and an institutionalized devolution of power from the central government to local governments essentially neutralized the Chinese variant of the PPP in one important context by mobilizing certain culturally defined behavioural norms at the local level. In India, the Supreme Court has behaved in accordance with the socially revolutionary role intended for it by the framers of India's Constitution by recognizing a maximalist conception of the PPP as part of Indian law, although other features of India's unique legal culture and institutions have reduced the impact of this development. In the United States, the institutionalized fragmentation of the law-making process within the Federal Government has undermined even the implicit implementation of the PPP, to which US environmental statutes do not refer. The implications of these developments for the PPP as an instrument of municipal but also global environmental governance in climate change mitigation law flow less from the nominal status of the PPP in the laws of China, India, and the United States than from the unique institutional and cultural conditions that prevail there. The result is a case study in how institutions and culture can transform the implementation of a principle of environmental governance that at first glance might seem to be a simple exercise in economic rationality into a different exercise that is not simple at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Immigrants in the USA are confronted with health disparities, including childhood obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. We aimed to identify perceptions of childhood body weight, approaches to raising healthy children and desires for supportive programmes of Somali, Latino and Hmong (SLM) parents in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA., Design: Using community-based participatory research, ten focus groups (FG) were conducted with sixty-seven parents (n 28 Somali, three FG; n 19 Latino, four FG; n 20 Hmong, three FG) of 3-12-year-old children in their native language. Demographic information was collected., Results: SLM parents perceived that health is not necessarily weight-based; childhood obesity is caused by overeating, eating unhealthy foods and sedentary activities; traditional foods are generally healthy while American foods are generally unhealthy; and healthy children are inherently physically active. Parents identified their goals as feeding children so they would be healthy and happy, helping them be active and safe, and teaching them to cook traditional foods to be self-sufficient and maintain their cultural identity. Parents were challenged by children's unhealthy food and sedentary preferences, their own uncertainties about healthy foods and behaviours, and structural factors. Parents thought interventions could help them with these challenges, including information about healthy foods, age-appropriate portion sizes, safe places to be active and strategies tailored to their cultural norms., Conclusions: SLM parents are trying to raise healthy-weight children based on their understanding of children's health, weight, diet and physical activity, while dealing with social, economic and environmental challenges and trying to maintain cultural identity and traditions.