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• We propose a new metric of supply chain exposure to network concentration risk: the pass-through frequency (PTF). • The PTF measures the frequency that a supply chain engages with the industrial sectors in a particular region of analytical concerns (natural hazards, geopolitical risks). • The PTF as a frequency-based indicator is compared with "trade in value-added" as a volume-based indicator, so that the supply chain exposure is evaluated in two analytical dimensions. • An empirical analysis using multi-country input-output tables shows that the US ICT equipment sector is highly skewed towards frequency-based concentration in China's production system, raising likelihood of getting caught by any contingency in the country. • The analysis of mutual risk positions for the US and China's supply chains reveals a notable asymmetry in the dependence structure between the two countries. In this paper, we present new referential statistics for the degree of supply chain exposure to network concentration risk. The study's contribution rests on the development of a metric that indicates network concentration in terms of the frequency of supply chain engagement with the regions of analytical concern, alongside the traditional approach based on volume measurement of value-added concentration. Japan, a country with a high propensity to encounter natural hazards, and China, under mounting geopolitical tension with the United States, are chosen as the target regions for the assessment of network concentration. In addition, the highly asymmetric structure of mutual economic dependency in the US-China relations is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern realm of international business has grown to be more and more dependent on the international state of affairs, thus, geopolitics have become an indispensable tool for predicting and evaluating future risks or for identifying opportunities. Because the center of global economic power is slowly but surely shifting from the western countries to Asia, the geopolitical moves of Asian countries on „The Grand Chessboard” need to be studied and analyzed, especially the ones of the leading actor, China. Being the only pretender to overthrow the US from the position of the biggest world economy, China wants to establish new international economic relations, implicitly new trade routes, through which it can secure a supply line for the sale of its products. Thus, China proposes a New Silk Road which is dependent on a series of maritime choke points, amongst which are the Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits or better known as the Turkish Straits. This paper studies the future geopolitical and economic implications for this choke point if the New Silk Road comes in existence. The study utilises maritime economic data and geopolitical theory in order to assess the future risks and opportunities that derive from the establishment of the New Silk Road. The analyze results, indicates that the Turkish choke point will change the geopolitics and economics of Eastern Europe. The importance of this is that the countries that are directly linked with the New Silk Road can maximize their advantages in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]