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Implementation of the "Project 985" as a basic innovation policy including 39 China's prestigious universities plays an important role in the strategy of revitalizing China through science, technology and education. Based on the principal-agent theory model in the new institutional economics, the three principal-agent relationships in the whole implementation process of the "Project 985" are analyzed, ie. the government-university, university-base/platform and base/platform-member relationships. It is revealed that the three relationships will cause a moral hazard between the principal and agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Debris cover is widely present in the ablation areas of mountain glaciers. Such debris plays an important role in glacier mass balance, but it complicates the glacier boundary and area estimation when using remotely sensed images. Automatic recognition of the debris is much more difficult than recognizing bare ice on optical remotely sensed images because the debris has almost the same spectral characteristics of the surrounding terrain. In this paper, the scattering characteristics of the debris on the C- and L-band polarimetric SAR images are presented and analyzed to study the possibility of recognizing debris thickness and extent. The Koxkar glacier, in the central Tianshan Mountain Range, was selected as the study area. It was found that debris is distinct from bare ice in cross polarization (HV) of both the L- and C-bands. The L-band volume scattering component, acquired from target decomposition, increases with debris thickness when the debris is less than 25cm deep, but the volume scattering does not increases if the debris is thicker than 25cm. In contrast, the C-band SAR data does not appear to be sensitive to debris thickness. This difference may be caused by different radar penetration depth of the debris. On the basis of the polarimetric property analysis, two methods were developed to determine the extent of the debris. In the first method, the simple threshold to distinguish debris from non-debris areas is presented. Using this threshold, approximately 90% of the debris can be recognized. In the second method, by combining more polarimetric features and support vector machines, recognition of debris reaches an accuracy greater than 95%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Surface water and shallow groundwater within the flow of an electroplating factory was analyzed in order to study the resulting impact. The analysis method of ICP-AES was used to analyze content of zinc, manganese, chromium, copper and nickel in surface water and groundwater samples. The results indicate acidic pollutants of zinc, manganese, chromium, copper and nickel were discharged from the factory with concentrations of 1.34, 3.77, 28.1, 6.40 and 9.37 mg x L(-1), respectively; and pH was 2.32. They all exceeded permissible levels according to Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard except zinc. Factory discharge is responsible for the longitudinal distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the stream water downstream from the factory. Heavy metals variations in the well water do not suggest they were affected by heavy metals in the stream, indicating that the migration rates of heavy metals in soils were relatively low. Risk assessment shows surface water quality significantly deteriorated. Nickel and manganese in the stream water exceeded the standard levels seriously, and chromium and copper in some samples were also above Grade III standard levels according to Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water. Moreover, all studied heavy metals in 14 groundwater samples measured within drinking water standard, except manganese in 4 groundwater samples, which were Grade IV according to Quality Standard for Ground water.