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To gain an in-depth understanding of the diversity and composition of soil Acidobacteria in five different forest types in typical temperate forest ecosystems and to explore their relationship with soil nutrients. The diversity of soil Acidobacteria was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology. Soil Acidobacteria's alpha-diversity index and soil nutrient content differed significantly among different forest types. β-diversity and the composition of soil Acidobacteria also varied across forest types. Acidobacterial genera, such as Acidobacteria_Gp1, Acidobacteria_Gp4, and Acidobacteria_Gp17, play key roles in different forests. The RDA analyses pointed out that the soil pH, available nitrogen (AN), carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, available phosphorus (AP), total carbon (TC), and total phosphorus (TP) were significant factors affecting soil Acidobacteria in different forest types. In this study, the diversity and composition of soil Acidobacteria under different forest types in a temperate forest ecosystem were analyzed, revealing the complex relationship between them and soil physicochemical properties. These findings not only enhance our understanding of soil microbial ecology but also provide important guidance for ecological conservation and restoration strategies for temperate forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of Carmi Syndrome in a neonate. Aim: To share our lessons in diagnosis of the case of Carmi Syndrome. Case Report: Carmi Syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized the coexistence of pyloric atresia and junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and with aplasia cutis congenita in approximately 28% patients. In this case, a full-term male neonate was born to a G4P2+1L1 multipara through cesarean section delivery in hospital in a non-consanguineous marriage with 4000mL of II°meconium-stained amniotic fluid. He was found extensive skin loss over lower legs and other parts, with scattered blisters and bilateral microtia. Plain abdominal X-ray revealed a large gastric air bubble with no gas distally. The mother had an intrauterine fetal loss previously for reasons unknown. The dermatologist diagnosed the newborn with Bart Syndrome, while the pediatric surgeon diagnosed congenital pyloric atresia(CPA). The parents refused further treatment and the neonate passed away about 30 hours after birth. Outcome: The neonate passed away about 30 hours after birth. Conclusion: Lessons from this case:①.Rule out Carmi Syndrome in patients with PA, and differentiate Bart syndrome and Carmi Syndrome in patients with abnormal skin manifestations. ②. For rare and/or severe diseases, multidisciplinary teams(MDTs) should be establish. ③. Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are necessary prior to subsequent childbearings. ④.Termination of pregnancy might be contemplated if certain indicators are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Returning straw to the field, coupled with fertilizer application, is an effective means to improve the fertility of black soil in Northeast China. Previous studies have mainly focused on the physical and chemical properties of soil structure and fertility. However, few efforts have been made to study the impact of straw returning on the microbial community of black soil in Northeast China. Here, we studied the typical northeast black soil in Heilongjiang Province to characterize the effects of long-term chemical fertilizer application and straw returning on its bacterial community structure. High-throughput sequencing was conducted to characterize the bacterial community of northeast black soil under different agricultural fertilization treatments, and the main factors affecting the bacterial community of northeast black soil were revealed through bioinformatic analyses. The results of high-throughput sequencing analyses demonstrated that the main bacterial phyla in the black soil in Northeast China were Actinomycetes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexus, and Bacteroidetes. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers significantly increased the fertility and crop yield of black soil in Northeast China but led to significant changes in bacterial community structure and a significant decrease in diversity. Although straw returning improved soil fertility, it did not alleviate the adverse effects of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers on soil bacterial communities. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that changes in soil pH were the main factor leading to variations in soil bacterial communities. Returning straw to the field based on fertilizer application can improve black soil fertility in Northeast China but fails to alleviate the adverse effects of fertilizer-induced soil acidification on the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities. This suggests that returning straw to the field may not have a significant beneficial impact on the microbial ecology of the black soil of Northeast China. Therefore, further research is needed to establish new straw return strategies to maximize agricultural yields while minimizing ecological impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is the primary energy source in China, and coal pyrolysis is considered an essential and efficient method for clean coal utilization. Three high arsenic coals collected from the southwestern Guizhou province of China were chosen in this study. Low-temperature ashing plus X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to identify the minerals in coals. The three coals were pyrolyzed in a tube furnace in an N2 atmosphere at 950 °C, 1200 °C, and 1400 °C, respectively. Environment scanning electron microscope (ESEM), XRD, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were adopted to determine the morphology, mineral compositions, and element compositions and arsenic contents of the coal pyrolysis ashes, respectively. It can be found that minerals in coal are mainly composed of quartz, pyrite, muscovite, and rutile. The minerals in the ashes generated from coal pyrolysis mainly contain quartz, dehydroxylated muscovite, iron oxide minerals, mullite, and silicon nitride. Oldhamite and gupeite exist at 950 °C and 1400 °C, respectively. The morphologies of oldhamite and gupeite at these temperatures are irregular block-shaped particles and irregular spherical particles, respectively. The mineralogical transformations in the process of coal pyrolysis affect coal utilization. The arsenic release rate is higher than 87% during pyrolysis at 1400 °C. The arsenic in organic matter is more able to be volatilized than mineral components. The retention time can slightly influence the arsenic release rate, and the influence of temperature is much more significant than the influence of retention time. The understanding of mineral evolution and arsenic environmental emission is helpful for the safety of high-arsenic coal pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bi2MoO6 nanosheets are loaded on to γ-Bi2O3 tetrahedron surfaces to form Bi2MoO6/γ-Bi2O3 heterojunctions using a simple calcination method. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of the lomefloxacin and the Rhodamine B using the optimum sample are 96% and 99%, respectively, much higher than that of pure phase samples. When the waters from different regions in China were used as solvents, the removal efficiencies of the lomefloxacin and the Rhodamine B are still higher than 88% and 90%, respectively, which shows excellent prospects for practical applications. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of these two pollutants are higher than 91% and 95% in the five cycling tests, and the crystal structure of the sample is not changed after cycling. Based on the first-principles calculation, Bi2MoO6 and γ-Bi2O3 form a Z-type energy band structure which accelerates the separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. The Bi2MoO6 valence band potential of 3.25 V and the γ-Bi2O3 conduction band potential of −0.21 V are reserved to generate ˙OH− and O2−, respectively, for the photocatalytic reaction. The degradation of the lomefloxacin is ascribed to the shedding of functional groups and bond breaking with the final products being CO2, F−, H2O, and NO3−. This research shows that Bi2MoO6/γ-Bi2O3 heterojunctions can be employed to purify domestic and textile industrial sewage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brassica napus is the third leading source of edible oil in the world. Genic male sterility (GMS) lines provide crucial material for harnessing heterosis for rapeseed. GMS lines have been used successfully for rapeseed hybrid production in China. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in various plant growth, development, and stress response processes. However, reports on miRNAs that regulate the pollen development of GMS lines in B. napus are few. Results: In this study, 12 small RNA and transcriptome libraries were constructed and sequenced for the flower buds from the fertile and sterile lines of two recessive GMS (RGMS) lines, namely, "6251AB" and "6284AB". At the same time, 12 small RNA and transcriptome libraries were also constructed and sequenced for the flower buds from the fertile and sterile lines of two dominant GMS (DGMS) lines, namely, "4001AB" and "4006AB". Based on the results, 46 known miRNAs, 27 novel miRNAs on the other arm of known pre-miRNAs, and 44 new conserved miRNAs were identified. Thirty-five pairs of novel miRNA-3p/miRNA-5p were found. Among all the identified miRNAs, fifteen differentially expressed miRNAs with over 1.5-fold change between flower buds of sterile and fertile lines were identified, including six differentially expressed miRNAs between "4001A" and "4001B", two differentially expressed miRNAs between "4006A" and "4006B", four differentially expressed miRNAs between "6251A" and "6251B", and ten differentially expressed miRNAs between "6284A" and "6284B". The correlation analysis of small RNA and transcriptome sequencing was conducted. And 257 candidate target genes were predicted for the 15 differentially expressed miRNAs. The results of 5′ modified RACE indicated that BnaA09g48720D, BnaA09g11120D, and BnaCnng51960D were cleaved by bna-miR398a-3p, bna-miR158-3p and bna-miR159a, respectively. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR159 was chosen to analyze its function. Overexpression of bna-miR159 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased seed setting rate, and shortened siliques, illustrating that miR159 may regulate the fertility and silique development in rapeseed. Conclusions: Our findings provide an overview of miRNAs that are potentially involved in GMS and pollen development. New information on miRNAs and their related target genes are provided to exploit the GMS mechanism and reveal the miRNA networks in B. napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the acceleration of urbanization in China, the land use and new building construction in mining subsidence areas are increasing. However, a large high-rise building (100 m × 80 m × 100 m) was planned to be built above gob areas in the Xiangcheng Mine subsidence area. According to the analysis of the borehole exploration data, borehole TV observations, and theoretical calculations, there were broken bedrock and developmental fractures in the fracture and caved zones above the gob areas. In addition, the depth affected by the building load is less than 9 m from the top of the fracture zone; thus, the stabilities of the gobs are low. Then, through the theoretical analysis of the space stress, compression settlement of foundation soil, and residual settlement of the gob and coal pillar under loads, combining the similar simulation study on settlement characteristics of foundation soil and gobs, the total settlement of the foundation can be regarded as the vector superposition of the compression settlement and residual settlement; then, the maximum settlement is calculated as 555 mm and the maximum tilt is 14.9 mm/m under the building load, which are greater than the permissible values of 200 mm and 2 mm/m, indicating that the foundation's stability is inadequate. Therefore, the treatment measures of the deep pile group foundations in the soil layer and grouting reinforcement in the gobs were simultaneously put forward to effectively improve the stability of the building foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of the clinical research coordinator (CRC) in clinical oncology trials. Design and Methods: An E‐questionnaire that includes 10 sections with 155 items total and is based on the Clinical Trials Nursing Questionnaire (CTNQ) was designed to determine the conditions of demographics, competences, activities, and psychology for Chinese CRCs. Eighty‐two CRCs from three different provinces in China were invited to join this study anonymously. Cronbach's α and split‐half reliability were calculated to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Additionally, the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to find the similarity and difference between the importance of the roles of CRCs and their frequency. The STROBE checklist for observational research has been following for presenting the research (see File S1). Findings: Cronbach's α values of the Chinese version of the questionnaire for the frequency scale and the importance scale were.965 and.961, respectively. The split‐half reliability coefficients were 0.866 and 0.805, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients of the subscales indicated that the correlation between each item and its dimension was greater than its correlation with the other components (P <.05). Exploratory factor analysis results show that three common factors were extracted by principal component analysis and had eigenvalues greater than 1 and that the cumulative contribution rate was 69.415%. Practice Implications: The Chinese version of the questionnaire has good reliability and validity for CRCs in China, which could be promoted in evaluating clinical research coordinator roles in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace elements (TEs) in coal result in substantial pollutant emissions and cause serious damage to the ecological environment and human health in China. The emission and control of TEs, especially mercury, during coal combustion are of significant concern, and extensive studies have been performed in China in recent years. This paper reviews the emission characteristics and control strategies of mercury and other TEs during coal combustion in China. The occurrence of TEs in Chinese coals, including the average content of TEs in Chinese coals, the distribution of TEs in Chinese coals from different coal-forming periods, coal ranks, and coal-bearing regions are summarized. The emission characteristics of five specific TEs (Hg, As, F, Se, and Cr) during coal combustion in China are reviewed in detail. Effects of the coal type, combustion temperature, and combustion mode on the partitioning behaviour and emission characteristics of TEs are discussed. The effects of existing air pollution control devices of coal-fired power plants in China on the speciation and emission of TEs are discussed comprehensively. Various sorbents, such as activated carbon, fly ash, calcium-based sorbents, metal oxides, and mineral sorbents, used for TE removal are also summarized. Moreover, the removal performance of different sorbents for capturing certain TEs is compared comprehensively. Finally, future work for TE emission control in China is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by cognitive impairment and is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Damage to brain structures such as white matter network disruption may underlie this cognitive disturbance. In the present study, 886 non-diabetic and 163 type 2 diabetic participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. Among them, 38 diabetic patients and 34 non-diabetic participants that matched the patients for age/sex/education received a magnetic resonance imaging-based diffusion tensor imaging. Then we calculated the topological properties of the white matter network using a graph theoretical method to investigate network efficiency differences between groups. We found that type 2 diabetic patients had inferior performances compared to the non-diabetic controls, in several cognitive domains involving executive function, spatial processing, memory, and attention. We also found that diabetic patients exhibited a disrupted topological organization of the white matter network (including the global network properties, i.e., network strength, global efficiency, local efficiency and shortest path length, and the nodal efficiency of the right rolandic operculum) in the brain. Moreover, those global network properties and the nodal efficiency of the right rolandic operculum both had positive correlations with executive function in the patient group. The results suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to an alteration in the topological organization of the cortical white matter network and this alteration may account for the observed cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate abnormality of white matter integrity and its relationship to cognitive impairments in Chinese non-demented elderly with and without the ɛ4 allele. We assessed cognitive differences using a series of neuropsychological tests and assessed white matter integrity using tract-based spatial statistics to measure mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. We determined that there were no statistically significant group differences in any neuropsychological measures. However, APOEɛ4 carriers without cognitive decline exhibited widespread disruption of the white matter tracts in several areas, including the cingulum, fornix, corpus callosum, and corona radiate. Furthermore, a correlation analysis in ɛ4 carriers indicated that disruption of the right fornix stria terminalis and the genu of the corpus callosum were positively associated with cognitive impairment, including memory, executive function, spatial processing, attention, and language. The present study reveals the deleterious effects of the ɛ4 allele on white matter, and this damage may potentially serve as a biomarker in preclinical investigations. Our promising results encourage further investigation using a multidimensional longitudinal approach with larger samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated urbanization continues to convert natural lands to impervious surfaces, resulting in serious impacts to the environment, and affecting the growth of urban plants. In this study, we evaluated eight environmental factors, and nine eco-physiological characteristics of Ginkgo biloba planted on two types of impervious surface (totally impervious surface and partly impervious surface), and one non-impervious surface (grass land). Results showed that the primary effect of the impervious surfaces on the environment were increasing air temperature ( T a ) and soil temperature ( T s ), and decreasing relative humidity of air (RH) and soil moisture content (SMC). G. biloba net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) on totally impervious surfaces (TIS), and partly impervious surfaces (PIS) was 39% and 22% lower than trees on an urban grass land (GL). T r and G s also showed similar reductions. Compared to GL, F V / F m on TIS and PIS decreased 7% and 6%, respectively, and ΦPSII decreased 32% and 41%, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE), light use efficiency (LUE), and CO 2 use efficiency (CUE) of G. biloba growing on impervious surfaces were 20–40% less than those on the grass land. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated the combination of environmental factors explained 66% of the variation of G. biloba eco-physiological responses. This study revealed the eco-physiological responses and variation of G. biloba to different substrates. Results indicated it is vital to improve plant environmental quality, and enhance urban green ecological services. Our study provides a scientific reference for urban greening, and ecological land construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment ( MCI) in Beijing, China, and to explore the potential protective and risk factors for MCI. Design Population-based survey. Setting The Beijing Ageing Brain Rejuvenation Initiative ( BABRI). Participants Participants randomly recruited from BABRI (N = 1,211). Measurements Participants underwent a battery of neuropsychological examinations to determine cognitive function and answered a series of personal questions. The prevalence of MCI and its subtypes were computed using Petersen's criteria. Influencing factors for MCI were estimated based on participant medical history, lifestyle, diet, and leisure activities. Results One thousand twenty (aged >55, mean 63.9 ± 6.6; 36.7% male) subjects completed the neuropsychological tests. The overall prevalence of MCI was 15.7%, with single-domain amnestic, multiple-domain amnestic, and nonamnestic subtype prevalences of 6.4%, 3.7%, and 5.6%, respectively. Eight hundred sixty-four subjects were used for the case-control analysis. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular disease were found to be associated with MCI. Healthy diet and greater involvement in physical, intellectual, and social activities were associated with a lower risk of MCI. Conclusion The prevalence of MCI was compatible with that found in previous published reports, and the information on the epidemiology of MCI, especially risk factors, may help to explore therapeutic strategies and preventive approaches to delay conversion to dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With the increasing use of coal, the growing impact on the environment of potentially hazardous trace elements including chromium has been attracted more concerns. Chromium is strongly enriched in the Shenbei lignite compared with average concentration in the Chinese coal. The occurrence of chromium in several high-chromium coals was determined and it mainly occurs as organic macromolecules. Combustion of a typical high-chromium coal from Shenbei coalfield and a high volatile bituminous coal (HN coal) adding chromate were tested in a bench-scale drop tube furnace (DTF) to understand the partition and emission of chromium in the combustion process. The emission concentration of chromium in PM10 during Shenbei high-chromium coal combustion is up to 0.331mg/Nm3. The retention of chromium from high-Cr coal combustion by 6 sorbents (Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, zeolite, bentonite, and bauxite) was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Bauxite has the highest retention rate for high-Cr coal owing to its highest surface area. The retention rate of the six sorbents for high-Cr coal follows the order of bauxite>zeolite>CaO>Fe2O3 >bentonite>Al2O3. The interaction mechanisms of chromium compounds and sorbents were discussed. Physical adsorption is the mainly mechanism for the capture of organic-bond chromium, whereas the formation of new chromium compounds Al3CrO6, FeCr2O4, and Ca5Cr3O13H indicates the capture process of chromium contains chemical reaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Samples of two high-aluminum coals and an associated fly ash were collected from a coal-fired power plant and a coalfield in Inner Mongolia, China. The mineralogy and physicochemical characteristics of low-temperature ash (LTA), high-temperature ash (HTA), and fly ash from those coals were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and field scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FSEM-EDX). The transformation of typical aluminum-bearing minerals at high temperature was investigated by systematic drop tube furnace (DTF) experiments and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the aluminum-bearing minerals in the high-Al coal are mainly boehmite and kaolinite. High temperature treatment transforms the aluminum-rich minerals to gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3), corundum (α-Al2O3), and an amorphous phase. γ-Al2O3 is the main mineral in the HTA (17.4wt.%), while α-Al2O3 and mullite are the main minerals in the fly ash. The high-aluminum fly ash particles are irregular and their shapes are related to their compositions. The degree of irregularity of the high-aluminum fly ash particles is proportional to their aluminum content. The phase transformation of boehmite in the coal during high temperature treatment appears to have involved four stages including: boehmite dehydroxylation, transitional θ-Al2O3 formation, crystal nucleation and α-Al2O3 formation, and growth of α-Al2O3 crystals. The DTF experimental results indicated that the growth of α-Al2O3 crystals has a significant impact on PM emissions. Understanding the mineral transformation mechanism is therefore helpful in reducing PM emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Wet flue gas desulfurization, heterogeneous condensation, and chemical agglomeration have been reported to be promising methods for controlling fine particulate matter (PM) from coal combustion flue gas. The effectiveness of these processes is affected by the wettability of the fly ash particles. A novel method based on the flotation mechanism using a laser particle size analyzer was used to measure the wettability of fly ash particles in water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and Triton X-100 (TX100) solutions. Fly ash samples were collected from four coal-fired power plants in China [Xuanwei (XW), Jungar (JG), Xiaolongtan (XLT), and Yangzonghai (YZH)], representing high-silicon, high-aluminum, high-calcium, and high-iron fly ashes, respectively. The particle size distributions, surface areas, zeta (ζ) potentials, densities, chemical compositions, mineral compositions, and morphologies of the fly ash samples were investigated as well. PM0.1and PM10쇪 readily wetted in water, but most particles within the 1–10-μm range exhibited lower wettabilities. The wettability of fly ashes in water is related to other physical or chemical characteristics and follows the trend YZH > XLT > XW > JG. For YZH fly ash, PM0.1and PM1熩 be completely wetted in water. For XW, JG, and XLT fly ashes, only PM0.1and PM10熩 be wetted completely in water. Addition of SDBS or TX100 promoted most wetting processes, and the promotional effect is also related to other characteristics of fly ash particles such as surface roughness, surface area, and ζ potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ash deposition is one of the major problems encountered in coal-fired power plants. To understand its formation mechanism, six samples of the deposit were collected from different positions of boiler in the Zhuzhou coal-fired power plant in Hunan of China. The mineralogical, chemical compositions, and microstructure of ash samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), optical microscopy, and field scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (FSEM-EDX). The results show that the deposits were mainly composed of silica amorphous phases and their chemical compositions of different layers significantly varied. The identified minerals include mullite, cristobalite, hematite, quartz, hercynite, and anorthite. The silica-rich glass phases are derived from volatilization–recondensation of SiO and the interaction between aluminosilicates and other minerals. Several types of crystals were identified in the deposits, including iron-oxide crystals, Fe–Ca-bearing phase, Si-rich phase, and aluminosilicate phase. The deposition of crystals as well as the following melting is the main reason for the porosity structure of deposit. The interaction and eutectic of minerals in coal led to the serious deposition in the coal-fired power plant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Eleven raw coal samples were collected from Liuzhi, Suicheng, Zunyi, Xingren, Xingyi, and Anlong districts in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The content of cadmium (Cd) in coal was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass–spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cd contents ranged from 0.146 to 2.74 ppm (whole coal basis), with an average of 1.09 ppm. In comparison with the arithmetic means of Cd in Chinese coal (0.25 ppm), this is much higher. In order to find its occurrence in coal, float–sink analysis and a coal flotation test by progressive release were conducted on two raw coal samples. The content of the Cd and ash yield of the flotation products were determined. The organic matter was removed by low-temperature ashing (LTA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to differentiate the main, minor, and trace minerals in the LTA from different flotation subproducts. Quartz, kaolinite, pyrite, and calcite were found to dominate the mineral matters, with a proportion of anatase, muscovite, and illite. Then quantitative analysis of minerals in LTA was conducted using material analysis using diffraction (MAUD) based on the Rietveld refinement method. Results show that Cd has a strong association with kaolinite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen samples of minerals were separated by handpicking from Late Permian coals in southwestern Guizhou province, China. These 14 minerals were nodular pyrite, massive recrystallized pyrite, pyrite deposited from low-temperature hydrothermal fluid and from ground water; clay minerals; and calcite deposited from low-temperature hydrothermal fluid and from ground water. The mineralogy, elemental composition, and distribution of 33 elements in these samples were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and ion-selective electrode (ISE).The results show that various minerals in coal contain variable amounts of trace elements. Clay minerals have high concentrations of Ba, Be, Cs, F, Ga, Nb, Rb, Th, U, and Zr. Quartz has little contribution to the concentration of trace elements in bulk coal. Arsenic, Mn, and Sr are in high concentrations in calcite. Pyrite has high concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se, Tl, and Zn. Different genetic types of calcite in coal can accumulate different trace elements; for example Ba, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Rb, Sn, Sr, and Zn are in higher concentrations in calcite deposited from low-temperature hydrothermal fluid than in that deposited from ground water. Furthermore, the concentrations of some trace elements are quite variable in pyrite; different genetic types of pyrites (Py-A, B, C, D) have different concentrations of trace elements, and the concentrations of trace elements are also different in pyrite of low-temperature hydrothermal origin collected from different locations. The study shows that elemental concentration is rather uniform in a pyrite vein. There are many micron and submicron mosaic pyrites in a pyrite vein, which is enriched in some trace elements, such as As and Mo. The content of trace element in pyrite vein depends upon the content of mosaic pyrite and of trace elements in it. Many environmentally sensitive trace elements are mainly contained in the minerals in coal, and hence the physical coal cleaning techniques can remove minerals from coal and decrease the emissions of potentially hazardous trace elements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• We recovered 21,523 SSRs and identified 8,964 SSR primer pairs. • 43 primers of 100 SSRs showed polymorphism in eight rapeseed accessions. • 78 accessions showed abundant genetic variation and diversity using 34 primers. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop with a huge genome. This study used next generation sequencing technology to develop SSR markers in rapeseed. A total of 213,876 sequence reads were obtained in 58.8 Mb. For these reads, 21,523 SSRs were recovered from 18,575 microsatellites sequences and 8,964 SSR primer pairs were identified. Di- and mono-nucleotides were the most abundant, accounting for 47.5% and 30.7% of all SSRs, respectively. A total of 8,776 SSRs were designed from contigs and 100 SSR primers were tested for validation of SSR locus amplification. Nearly all (94%) of the markers were found to produce clear amplicons and to be reproducible. For these markers, forty-three SSRs showed polymorphic bands in eight rapeseed accessions. Thirty-four SSRs were then applied to 78 rapeseed accessions from China to evaluate the genetic diversity. Result showed that the allele number varied from two to seven, with a mean value of 3.59. The effective allele number of ranged from 1.14 to 3.25, with an average of 2.09. The average values of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The Nei's gene diversity varied from 0.12 to 0.69, with a mean value of 0.48. Resulting of the markers testing showed that the identified genome-wide SSRs were useful in rapeseed genetic studies, including genetic diversity, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection for breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The concentration, distribution and modes of occurrence of trace elements in thirty coals, four floors and two roofs from Northern China were studied. The samples were collected from the major coalfields of Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The concentrations of seventeen potential hazardous trace elements, including Hg, As, Se, Pb, Cd, Br, Ni, Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, Be, Sb, Th, V, U, Zn, and five major elements P, Na, Fe, Al, and Ca in coals were determined. Compared with average concentration of trace elements in Chinese coal, the coals from Northern China contain a higher concentration of Hg, Se, Cd, Mn, and Zn. They may be harmful to the environment in the process of combustion and utilization. Vertical variations of trace elements in three coal seams indicated the distributions of most elements in coal seam are heterogeneous. Based on statistical analyses, trace elements including Mo, Cr, Se, Th, Pb, Sb, V, Be and major elements including Al, P shows an affinity to ash content. In contrast, Br is generally associated with organic matter. Elements As, Ni, Be, Mo, and Fe appear to be associated with pyrite. The concentrations of trace elements weakly correlate either to coal rank or to maceral compositions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The platinum group elements (PGEs) in 63 samples collected from the Late Paleozoic coal-bearing strata in western Guizhou Province and North China were determined using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS). The study shows that PGEs in coal have five different sources: magmatic hydrothermal inputs, low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, synsedimentary volcanic ash, detrital minerals of terrigenous origin, and seawater. This study indicates that the first three sources can lead to enrichment of PGEs in these Chinese coals. The typical low contents of PGEs in most of the studied coals, defined as background contents in this work, mainly originate from detrital minerals. The background content of Pd (150 ng/g) is higher than that of Pt (30 ng/g), and much higher than that of Ru (5 ng/g), Rh (14 ng/g), and Ir (1 ng/g). The Pd content is nearly 15-fold higher than the crustal abundance. In contrast, Pt content is lower than its crustal abundance. The relatively good correlation between Pd, Pt, and ash contents suggests that the PGEs are associated with minerals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The emission and migration characteristics of Hg from an ultra low emission (ULE) coal-fired power plant in China was investigated. During the tests, the flue gas was sampled simultaneously at the inlet and outlet of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, low temperature economizer (LTE), electrostatic precipitators (ESP), wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), and wet electrostatic precipitators (WESP) by EPA 30B method. The feed coal, lime, limestone slurry, process water, fly ash, bottom ash, gypsum, FGD effluent, and WESP effluent were also sampled. The results showed that Hg concentration in flue gas at the outlet of boilers and stacks was in the range of 4.46–5.17 μg/m 3 and 0.51–1.22 μg/m 3 , respectively. The overall gaseous Hg removal efficiencies of SCR + LTE + ESP + WFGD + WESP equipped in the ULE power plant were about 88.5%–89.6%. Mass distribution of Hg in the whole system showed that about 70% of Hg present in solid and liquid combustion products and 30% of Hg emitted into atmosphere. After ULE reformation, the atmospheric emission factor of the power plant is in the range of 0.39–0.81 g/TJ, which is much lower that of power plants before ULE reformation (2.18–2.34 g/TJ). Thus, the ULE reformation for coal-fired plants is beneficial for the reduction of Hg emission to atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The organic or inorganic affinities of trace elements are speculated and determined. • The proportions of trace elements going into fly ash are positively correlated with their volatility. • Volatilization of trace elements during laboratory combustion has been divided into three stages. Partitioning behavior of 17 deleterious trace elements in Ge-rich coals during coal combustion was studied in a bench-scale combustion apparatus in a laboratory and in full-scale combustion in a coal-fired power plant. Methods used in this study include spectrophotometry, tube furnace combustion, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and statistical evaluation. A comparison of the results obtained at these two scales and of the factors affecting their volatilization behavior during combustion are discussed. These seventeen trace elements tend to be volatilized more completely during combustion in coal-fired power plant than in a laboratory-scale combustion environment due to the differences in operating conditions. The average proportions of elements going into fly ash from feed coals during combustion are positively correlated with the trace element volatilities. Volatilization behavior of trace elements in laboratory-scale combustion involves three stages: initial release (<500 ℃), relative stability (500–1,000 ℃), and secondary release or stability (>1,000 ℃). The seventeen trace elements can be classified into four groups according to their behavior during the above-mentioned stages. Factors affecting behavior of elements in combustion, such as combustion conditions, modes of occurrence, concentrations, and geochemical affinities, are discussed. A new insight into the behavior of potentially deleterious trace elements during combustion is given, which provides further guidance to controlling their emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the condition that community-based geriatric services for the assessment and promotion of older adults' cognitive ability systemically aimed at delaying or preventing dementia is lacking in China. A community-based model including cognitive assessment and training, geriatric health guidance and long-term support was designed based on a prospective cohort study. Participants (N = 5593) were all from an ongoing cohort study, the Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) study. We conducted receiver operating characteristic, stepwise logistic regression and branch-and-bound algorithm analyses to select the most effective tests from the BABRI neuropsychological test battery. Canonical discriminant analysis was conducted to extract the first canonical variable as a composite index of the tests. In addition, we developed comprehensive surveys and computerized cognitive trainings targeting every cognitive domain. The BABRI brain health system (BABRI-BHS) was designed to include SCREEN, ASSESS, and DIAGNOSE sessions. When distinguishing cognitively impaired older adults from cognitively healthy older adults, the canonical variable extracted from tests in the SCREEN session achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.730 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.671–0.789], with a sensitivity of 0.630 and a specificity of 0.780; in the ASSESS session, the AUC was 0.906 (95% CI 0.894–0.917), the sensitivity was 0.809, and the specificity was 0.854. A stepwise screening pathway is recommended when using the BABRI-BHS in communities to divide older adults into subtypes and to provide targeted interventions and long-term geriatric health guidance. The BABRI-BHS is an effective and efficient geriatric health care solution that is suitable for community-based dementia risk screening, providing stepwise cognitive assessments and helping older adults acquire tailored interventions and guidance conveniently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Alternations of surface chemistry of PM would eventually affect TEs migrations. • PM escaped from WESP are abundant in Ca and S, thus causing retention and accumulations of As, Cu, Zn, and Pb. • Particle size would affect TEs distributions in PM. As and Pb enrich in PM of 0.5µm, and Cu and Zn enrich in PM of 1µm. • Associations of As, Cu, and Pb with other species in single particles are presented. To meet the strict environmental requirements, air pollutions control devices are commonly installed in coal-fired power plants in China. Better understanding of porperties of particulate matters and trace elemetns associations are important for comprehensive evaluations on environmental impacts caused by the ultra-low emiission retrofits. This work have analyzed ash formaion and trace elements emissions as well as their associations with particulate matters in an ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant. The results indicate that ultra-low emission retrofits would greatly reduce particulate matters emissions, and trace elements distributions in bottom ash, fly ash, and fine particles are not significant changed. However, it would affect trace elements distributions in particulate matter from different sampling sites, which is due to the alternations on ash fromation caused by the change of local reaction conditions, thus affecting the particualte matter properties and trace elements migration behaviors. Electrostatic precipitator and wet electrostatic precipitator are capable for most of trace elements laden particle matter removal, but the particulate matters escaped from wet electrostatic precipitator are enriched in As, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Particle size would affect those 4 kinds of trace elements distributions in fly ashes. As and Pb would accumulate in particles with size decreasing in the fractions from 10 μm to 0.5 μm. While Cu and Zn enrich in particles in size fractions of 1 μm. The associations of As, Cu, and Pb with other species in a single particle are also presented, which would be helpful for understanding the trace elements migration and accumulation behaviors in particulate matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of mercury removal technology in coal-fired power plants has attracted much attention. In this paper, performances of CuBr 2 -modified tonstein from coal seams (MTCS) injection at an entrained flow reactor system and a 50-MW coal-fired power plant and their corresponding mechanisms were studied. The results showed that the increase of the injection rate, the reduction of the particle size, the extension of the residence time, and the increase of the initial Hg0 concentration were all conducive to mercury removal. At an entrained flow reactor, SO 2 and H 2 O obviously inhibited mercury removal, but this inhibition could be reduced with the increase of the residence time or the participation of NO and HCl. Specifically, with the participation of 1200 ppm SO 2 , the Hg0 removal efficiency was 56.9% and 82.8% at 0.6 s and 1.2 s, respectively. In the temperature range of 30–150 °C, the Hg0 removal efficiency in the flue gas at the simulated flue exit was approximately 83–93%. In addition, at a 50 - MW coal-fired power plant, the injection of MTCS was beneficial to Hg0 removal. In this process, most Hg0 was converted to Hg2+ by active substances, and then captured using fabric filter (FF) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) device. Injecting MTCS with a particle size of 300 mesh and concentration of 0.31 g/m3 can result in a relative mercury removal efficiency of up to 82.9% in the flue gas at the WFGD outlet, indicating that the low-cost mineral adsorbent MTCS is a suitable choice for mercury control in coal-fired power plants. Image 1 • MTCS exhibits excellent Hg0 removal performance in injection experiments. • An increased MTCS concentration in the flue gas leads to greater Hg0 removal. • A smaller particle size of MTCS is conducive to Hg0 removal. • Injecting 0.31MTCS300 can remove 82.9% of HgT in the flue gas at the WFGD outlet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hg species partitioning in WFGD sludge was studied by TPD and the improved BCR method. • Residual Hg was related to HgS and the content of this fraction was 2–3 %. • HgCl 2 , HgO and HgSO 4 were assigned to the water/acid-soluble fractions. • Hg leaching increased with increasing concentration and decreasing particulate size. Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) sludge, generated from the WFGD effluent treatment process, is suitable for multiple uses in various industries. However, risk assessments of its utilization are limited. Systematic study of Hg species occurrences, partitioning and risks of leaching is required, and these concerns were addressed in the present study. Hg temperature-programmed decomposition (Hg-TPD) and an improved European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method indicated residual Hg in WFGD sludge was related to HgS, and the content of this fraction was from 2 to 3%. HgCl 2 , HgO and HgSO 4 were assigned to the water/acid-soluble fractions, and reducible Hg was related to Fe species in the sludge. Leachate evaluation of the WFGD sludge indicated potentially high Hg leaching risk. WFGD sludge with higher Hg concentrations and smaller particulate diameters exhibited greater leaching potential. Leaching of Hg from WFGD sludge in China into the environment was estimated at 7.46 t/yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High temperature can increase the Si-bearing compounds vaporization and fine particle emission. • Si-bearing compounds vaporization is much higher in the reducing atmosphere than the oxidizing atmosphere. • There is a peak content of SiO 2 in PM 10 , which is in the range of 60–80%. • PM 0.1 formation is influenced by the vaporization-coagulation of SiO 2 and secondary Si-bearing compounds. Pure silica, typical high-silicon coals (Xuanwei area, China) and their low temperature ashes (LTA) were selected to carry out a vaporization experiment in different atmospheres to reveal the release mechanism of silicon. Further, high-silicon coal combustion experiments were conducted using a drop tube furnace (DTF) to investigate the formation behaviors of fine particulate matter (PM) and the distribution of silicon in the different-sized particles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) were used to study the morphology and chemical compositions, respectively. The results show that the high temperature would promote Si-bearing compounds vaporization and fine particle emission. The SiO 2 vaporization rate in the reducing atmosphere (steam and CO 2) is much higher than that in the oxidizing atmosphere (air and CO 2 /O 2). Higher O 2 concentrations in CO 2 /O 2 atmospheres will handicap Si-bearing compounds vaporization; the SiO 2 vaporization rate of Yantang coal decreased from 4.7% to 3.9% as the O 2 concentration increased from 10% to 30% at 1400 °C. A maximum value of the PM 1.0 concentration can be observed at 0.1 μm, and there is a peak content of SiO 2 in PM 10 , which is in the range of 60–80% for different temperatures. The mechanism of PM 0.1 formation is related to the vaporization-coagulation of the refractory SiO 2 and secondary Si-bearing compounds, and the more Si that vaporizes at high temperatures, the more PM 0.1 that is generated during coal combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2) on coal pores play a critical role in the geological storage of CO 2 and enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO 2 -ECBM). To investigate the effects of scCO 2 - H 2 O on the mesopore - macropore structure of high-rank coals, a series of experimental simulations and analyses were performed. Coal samples from the Qinshui Basin, China were exposed to scCO 2 and deionized water for 240 h at 45 °C and 10 MPa and at 80 °C and 20 MPa. The influences on the pore structure were analyzed by performing a mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) measurement. Using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and an advanced mineral identification control system (AMICS), the geochemical effects of scCO 2 -H 2 O on the same minerals and the same pore or fracture (nanometer to micrometer scale) before and after the reaction were investigated. Based on the changes of the minerals, pores and fractures, the types, targets, expressions, and scopes of the geochemical effects were explored. The experimental results show that after the injection of scCO 2 into the coal samples, the pores and fractures were newly generated or expanded under the interactions of mineral dissolution-precipitation, clay hydration and swelling, coal swelling, and pyrite oxidation with gypsum precipitation. Moreover, the largest improvement of the pore volume was observed in pores larger than 30 μm or smaller than 100 nm, and higher temperatures and pressures were beneficial to the formation of large pores and fractures. The change in the specific surface area (SSA) was mainly caused by the change in pore volume. The corrosion of carbonate minerals showed the most significant contribution to the pore volume of full-scale macropores and mesopores, while most geochemical effects on other minerals had impacts on the mesopores and the macropores smaller than 1 μm. The coal swelling had the most significant effect on the connectivity of the pores in the coal reservoir. • Achieved quantitative characterization on the same mineral and pore-fracture (nanometer to micrometer scale) before and after the reaction. • Summarized the type, mode and scope of geochemical effects on pore-fracture system. • The corrosion of carbonate minerals showed the most significant contribution to the pore volume. • The coal expansion had the most significant effect on the connectivity of the pores in coal reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy syndrome characterized by complex symptoms which cause maternal and fetal problems and deaths. The aim of this study is to achieve preeclampsia risk prediction and early risk prediction in Xinjiang, China, based on the placental growth factor measured using the SiMoA or Elecsys platform. A novel reliable calibration modeling method and missing data imputing method are proposed, in which different strategies are used to adapt to small samples, training data, test data, independent features, and dependent feature pairs. Multiple machine learning algorithms were applied to train models using various datasets, such as single-platform versus bi-platform data, early pregnancy versus early plus non-early pregnancy data, and real versus real plus augmented data. It was found that a combination of two types of mono-platform data could improve risk prediction performance, and non-early pregnancy data could enhance early risk prediction performance when limited early pregnancy data were available. Additionally, the inclusion of augmented data resulted in achieving a high but unstable performance. The models in this study significantly reduced the incidence of preeclampsia in the region from 7.2% to 2.0%, and the mortality rate was reduced to 0%.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among female is the cause of cervical cancer and genital warts. In China, the HPV vaccination rate and the target population screening rate among females are low, and the aims of this study on the genotype distribution and prevalence of HPV infection were to provide more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) was adopted for HPV genotyping test, the prevalence and 23 genotypes distribution of HPV infections among 181,705 women in Chengdu from 2013 to 2020 were analysed., Results: The overall prevalence rate of HPV infection among 181,705 cases was 23.28%, the prevalence of HR-HPV at the age group < 20 years, 60-69 years and ≥ 70 years were higher than the overall prevalence.The prevalence of HPV showed a bimodal U-shaped curve with age; the first and second peak common occurred among females < 20 years old (42.97%) and 60-69 years old (37.56%), respectively.The top five genotypes of HPV infection among females in Chengdu were HPV52/16/58/81/53. Single infection (73.26%) was the main HPV infection pattern, followed by double infection (19.17%) and multiple infection (7.57%), the infection rate of HPV showed a gradual declined as the patterns of HPV coinfections increased, low-risk and high-risk coinfection was higher in low-risk HPV infection (43.68%) and lower in high-risk HPV infection (13.59%). The prevalence of genotypes - 6 and - 81 infection was the second highest at the age group of 20 and 40-59, respectively, while the prevalence of HPV16 was the highest at the age group of ≥ 70 among 23 genotypes among the 181,705 women., Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV infections among women in Chengdu is higher than domestic certain developed citys, among the five vaccines available, nonavalent vaccine is more suitable for Chengdu females. For young females prioritizing vaccination is essential in the current context.Double screening for HPV DNA is important in middle-aged women (30-49 years), and screening should not be lacking in older women (> 65 years). Additionally,for patients with genital warts, it is necessary to screen for high-risk HPV infection and provide appropriate management and treatment. Given the limitations of this study, future HPV research should aim to achieve full coverage of the target population, and our studies should also include cellular or pathological data of HPV-positive cases, vaccination rates, and various lifestyle details., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The loss of an only child, known as Shidu in China, is a profoundly distressing experience, often leading to Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Despite its impact, the structural brain alterations associated with PGD, potentially influencing cognitive impairments in Shidu parents, remain understudied. Objective: This study aims to identify brain structural abnormalities related to prolonged grief and their relation with cognitive inhibition in Shidu parents. Methods: The study included 40 Shidu parents and 42 non-bereaved participants. Prolonged grief was evaluated using the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (PG-13). We employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess brain structural alterations and their correlation with cognitive inhibition, as measured by Stroop interference scores. Results: Findings suggest that greater prolonged grief intensity correlates with reduced grey matter volume in the right amygdala and the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Additionally, enhanced amygdala-to-whole-brain structural connectivity showed a marginal association with prolonged grief, particularly with emotional-related symptoms. Furthermore, a decrease in SMG volume was found to mediate the relation between prolonged grief and Stroop Time Inference (TI) score, indicating an indirect effect of prolonged grief on cognitive inhibition. Conclusions: The study provides insight into the neural correlates of prolonged grief in Shidu parents, highlighting the SMG's role in cognitive inhibition. These findings emphasise the need for comprehensive grief interventions to address the complex cognitive and emotional challenges faced by this unique bereaved population.

The aims of this study on human papilloma virus (HPV) 6/11/16/18 infection among females in Chengdu were to provide more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and genital warts. In this study, the infection status of 20 genotypes was analysed by gene chip technology. The prevalence rates of HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 infection among 180,276 cases were 0.94%, 0.57%, 3.22%, and 1.28%, respectively. The prevalence of HPV 6/11/16/18 showed a bimodal U-shaped curve with age; the first and second peak occurred among females < 20 and ≥ 60 years old, respectively. As the multiplicity of infections involving HPV6/11/16/18 increases, the infection rate decreases. The ratios of HPV16 single infection showed a yearly increase. The top five genotypes with HPV-16, -18, -6, and -11 in coinfection were HPV52/58/53/51/33, HPV 52/16/53/58/51, HPV52/16/58/51/53 and HPV16/52/58/59/18, respectively, HPV16/18/6/11 were mainly coinfected with HR-HPV. In sum, among the five vaccines available, nonavalent vaccine is more suitable for Chengdu females. For young females prioritizing vaccination is essential in the current context, while HPV screening remains an effective approach for older females. Additionally, in patients with genital warts, it is necessary to assess the presence of high-risk HPV infection and manage it appropriately in patients with genital warts., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

To further promote the effective governance of rural human settlements in China, it is necessary to summarize and organize the research on rural human settlements that has been undertaken in the last decade. This paper analyzes the current status of rural human settlements research from the perspectives of Chinese literature and English literature. It takes the core documents included in WOS (Web of Science) and CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) as samples, and produces a visual analysis of the authors, institutions, disciplines, and research hotspots for rural human settlements research with the help of CiteSpace V and other measurement software, focus on identifying the similarities and differences between CNKI and WOS in the study of rural human settlements. The results show that the number of papers is increasing; cooperation between Chinese researchers and institutions needs to be further strengthened; the existing research has achieved interdisciplinary integration; the research hotspots are converging, but China pays more attention to the study of the hard environment, such as the macro level of rural human settlements and the natural ecological environments of residence, and lacks insight into the soft environment, such as the main body of residences, social relations, and individual needs in the urban fringe. This study is conducive to promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas in China, promoting the revitalization and development of rural areas in China, and achieving social equity.

The recycling of solid waste resources can effectively alleviate resource shortages and environmental pollution and can promote the sustainable development of an ecological economy and green economy. Therefore, China has set up a series of recycling policies. In order to promote the development of China's solid waste resource recycling industry, and to be able to set up and implement correct policy documents according to real-time dynamics, this study uses NVivo software to analyze the content of 10 Core Journals' documents screened from the China HowNet database and sets up three node classifications and four partition dimensions to build a three-dimensional model for qualitative analysis and emotional analysis. The analysis determines the existing weaknesses of China's solid waste resource recycling policy under four dimensions and puts forward prospects for its future from these four aspects of system, capacity, measures and environment.

Facing considerable challenges associated with aging and dementia, China urgently needs an evidence-based health-care system for prevention and management of dementia. The Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) is a community-based cohort study initiated in 2008 that focuses on asymptomatic stages of dementia, aims to develop community-based prevention strategies for cognitive impairment, and provides a platform for scientific research and clinical trials. Thus far, BABRI has recruited 10,255 participants (aged 50 and over, 60.3% female), 2021 of whom have been followed up at least once at a 2- or 3-year interval. This article presents aims and study design of BABRI; summarizes preliminary behavioral and neuroimaging findings on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and results of clinical trials on MCI; and discusses issues concerning early prevention in community, MCI diagnosis methods, and applications of database of aging and dementia. BABRI is proposed to build a systematic framework on brain health in old age., (© 2021 the Alzheimer's Association.)

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of interstitial lung disease. This study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the incidence of pulmonary hypertension among interstitial lung disease patients and the correlation between systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PASP) and pulmonary functions. We also intended to investigate whether antinuclear antibody (ANA) could be an effective indicator of pulmonary hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 182 patients diagnosed with interstitial lung disease through high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Pulmonary hypertension was defined as an increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) ≥25 mmHg (~PASP ≥40 mmHg) at rest. Severe pulmonary hypertension was defined as PAPm ≥35 mmHg. There were 104 cases including in this study. There were 67 cases from the ANA positive (ANA+) group and 37 cases from the ANA negative (ANA-) group. All study patients had pulmonary function tests, which included the measurements of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), forced expiratory volume (FVC), vital capacity (VC), and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). RESULTS The pulmonary hypertension incidence in the study cohort was 25%, and the severe pulmonary hypertension incidence was 6.48%. The incidence of pulmonary hypertension in ANA+ cases was 22.22%. The incidence of pulmonary hypertension in the ANA- cases was 32.14%. The lung function test results showed moderate relationships between DLCO, FVC%, VC%, and PASP; no relationship between MVV, FEV1/FVC%, RV/TLC, and PASP; minimum relationship between FVC%, VC%, and PASP in the ANA+ group; and moderate relationship between FVC%, VC%, and PASP in the ANA- group. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary hypertension occurred in 25% of the 182 interstitial lung disease patients and was negatively associated with deteriorated lung functions (specifically VC%, FVC%, and DLCO parameters). ANA level was not associated with the prognosis of pulmonary hypertension of patients with interstitial lung disease, and it did not significantly affect the correlation between PASP and pulmonary functions. Thus, ANA level did not seem to be a necessary indicator of pulmonary hypertension, and a more effective treatment method for pulmonary hypertension of patients with interstitial lung disease is urgently needed.

Exploring how risk genes cumulatively impair brain function in preclinical phase (i.e., in cognitively normal elderly) could provide critical insights into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Working memory impairment has always been a considerable cognitive deficit in AD, which is likely under complex genetic control. Though, the APOE ɛ4 allele could damage the working memory performance in normal elderly, dissociable results have been reported. This allele may exert specific effects in contexts with other genetic variants. The rs2618516 in the spondin 1 gene (SPON1) has been associated with AD risk and brain structure in the elderly. SPON1 may interact with APOE through processing the amyloid precursor protein and suppressing amyloid-β levels. Using neuropsychological tasks from 710 individuals, we found significant SPON1 × APOE genotype interactions in working memory and executive function performances. Moreover, such interaction was also found in regional brain activations based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data with the n-back working memory task performed in a sub-cohort of 64 subjects. The effects of ɛ4 allele on activation of right inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part (IFGtriang.R) were modulated by rs2618516 in a working memory task. Furthermore, lower IFGtriang.R activation was associated with better cognitive functions. Moreover, the IFGtriang.R activation could mediate the impacts of SPON1 × APOE interactions on working memory performance. These findings suggested the importance of weighing APOE effects on brain activation under the working memory task within the context of the SPON1 genotype., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate abnormality of white matter integrity and its relationship to cognitive impairments in Chinese non-demented elderly with and without the ɛ4 allele. We assessed cognitive differences using a series of neuropsychological tests and assessed white matter integrity using tract-based spatial statistics to measure mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. We determined that there were no statistically significant group differences in any neuropsychological measures. However, APOEɛ4 carriers without cognitive decline exhibited widespread disruption of the white matter tracts in several areas, including the cingulum, fornix, corpus callosum, and corona radiate. Furthermore, a correlation analysis in ɛ4 carriers indicated that disruption of the right fornix stria terminalis and the genu of the corpus callosum were positively associated with cognitive impairment, including memory, executive function, spatial processing, attention, and language. The present study reveals the deleterious effects of the ɛ4 allele on white matter, and this damage may potentially serve as a biomarker in preclinical investigations. Our promising results encourage further investigation using a multidimensional longitudinal approach with larger samples.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab for psoriasis., Methods: In this meta-analysis study, we searched The Cochrane Library (2009, 1 issue), MEDLINE (1966 to March 2009), EMBASE (1974 to March 2009), and China Academic Journal Full-text Database (CNKI, 1994-2009/3), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM, 1978-2009/3), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP, 1989-2008/3), and Wan fang Database (1999-2009). The quality of included studies was critically evaluated. Data analyses were performed with the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software., Results: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 2316 patients were included in the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed significant improvement of the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), dermatology life quality index (DLQI) score or physician's global assessment when receiving ustekinumab compared with patients receiving placebo, while significant differences were noted between the ustekinumab 45 mg group and the ustekinumab 90 mg group in these indexes. There was no statistical significance with regard to adverse effects., Conclusions: The present study showed ustekinumab to be safe and effective for patients with psoriasis. Future high-quality, long-treatment, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials are needed.