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This study explores how doctoral graduates weigh considerations of employment sectors and cities in their career decision‐making processes. Guided by Social Cognitive Career Theory and a Four‐quadrant Model, researchers analysed interviews from 40 STEM doctoral graduates in China. Findings demonstrate that self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and goal‐setting were factors in participants' interests and selections of academic careers. Three types of doctoral graduates were identified: (1) highfliers, (2) academic loyalists and (3) city pickers. While participants prioritize employment sectors and cities differently, cities played a significant role in their career choices which intersected with gender and class factors. Female doctoral graduates were more inclined to follow their partners, while those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds tended to prioritize cost of living factors at the expense of pursuing opportunities in top‐tier cities. Implications suggest that factors undergirding doctoral graduates' career choices rely on the interaction between geographical locations and employment sector opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Guided by the social embeddedness model of thriving at work, this paper explores how nursing organizational culture, work engagement and affective commitment affect nurses' thriving at work. Background: Thriving at work has implications for better employee and organization outcomes. The antecedents of thriving at work among the nursing population needs to be expanded by analysing the cross‐level impact of organizational and individual characteristics. Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from 1437 frontline nurses in a tertiary teaching hospital in China between April and May 2020 through an online survey about perceived nursing culture, work engagement, affective commitment and thriving at work. Data were analysed using SPSS, and a structural equation model was established using the PROCESS macro. Results: Our results showed that work engagement and affective commitment mediated the relationship between nurses' perceived nursing culture and their thriving at work. Among nurses, work engagement was positively correlated to affective commitment. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the social embeddedness model of thriving at work by showing that both contextual and dispositional factors can influence nurses' thriving at work. Nurse leaders can foster nursing staff's thriving at work by building an inclusive work environment and by providing adequate resources to staff. Future research is needed to elaborate on employee and organizational outcomes associated with thriving at work. Impact: Nurse leaders should be the advocate for nurses to improve their organizational identification, fostering their thriving at work. Individual nurses can also take an active role in developing work‐related resources to sustain their thriving through self‐adaption processes. Collective thriving in the nursing workforce is needed to overcome adversity and hardship in the ever‐changing and increasingly demanding health care industry and to further contribute to the vitality of the broader social and public environments. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution. This study did not involve patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The pore properties of FT sandstone are discussed. • The fractal characteristics and energy evolution process of FT sandstone under impact compression are analyzed. • A damage constitutive model considering various forms of energy dissipation is established. Tongchuan sandstone in northwest China was taken as the research object to study the micro-damage, macro-fracture characteristics and dynamic properties of rocks after freeze–thaw (FT). It is found that almost all of the pores that increased after FT of the sandstone specimens are minipores through the nuclear magnetic resonance test, while the initial pores do not expand further. The Φ50mm split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB) equipment was used to test the dynamic compressive properties of sandstone specimens with different FT cycles under different impact speeds, the fractal characteristics, energy evolution and dynamic compressive strength variation laws were discussed. The effect of impact loading on rock is greater than that of FT, and it weakens as the rock softens. A damage constitutive model considering various forms of dissipated energy is proposed, which is closer to the experimental results than the previous damage constitutive model based on energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been increasingly introduced to health care settings; however, their adoption is far from ideal. Guided by the FITT framework, this study aims to explore barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a CDSS from the perspective of nurses.Methods: A qualitative study with 200 h of participatory observation and 21 semi structured interviews was conducted from February to August 2021 in four medical-surgical wards in a 2000-bed tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. The field notes were typed and the audio-recorded interviews were transcribed to texts verbatim and were coded with a four-step approach. We used the FITT framework to interpret our findings based on the technology, individual and task attributes and the fit between them.Results: A total of twelve categories were identified, which were integrated into two themes: barriers and facilitators to system implementation. All categories but one can be mapped to the three attributes of the FITT framework: technology, individual and task. We assumed that management has a vital role to play in the following areas: addressing user resistance, improving system usability, setting standards on practice and, finally, building connectivity between nurses and the technical staff to improve the fit between the technology, individual and task attribute and thus promote system implementation.Conclusion: Barriers and facilitators to CDSS implementation include system-related, user-related and organizational factors which can largely be fit into the FITT framework. There is potential to extend the FITT framework to represent management intervention on inter-disciplinary collaboration. Future empirical studies on facilitating strategies from the management to improve user experience and willingness of CDSS adoption are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freeze-thaw (FT) cycles in cold regions have a huge effect on the stability of surrounding rock. Sandstone in the Tongchuan area of northwestern China was used as the research object to study the changes in physical and mechanical properties of rocks after FT cycles. After analyzing the force of the internal pore boundary of the rock, it is found that the internal large pores are more likely to make the rock unstable after being stressed. A FT damage model considering the weight of different pore sizes is established. Through static and dynamic tests, the mechanical properties of FT sandstone are studied. The study found that the static and dynamic peak stresses of sandstone decrease with the increase of FT times, and the dynamic increase factors (DIF) shows an increasing trend with the increase of FT times and impact speed. The mechanical test further proves that the compressive strength of sandstone decreases with the decrease of damage factor. The static and dynamic compressive strength showed a good exponential relationship with the damage factor. The relationship between dynamic compressive strength and initial static compressive strength considering the damage factor and impact speed is established. • The pores of rocks after freeze-thaw cycles are discussed. • A freeze-thaw damage model considering the weight of pore size to damage is established. • The results of the static and dynamic tests are analyzed, and a new empirical equation is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the flat lowland agricultural areas of subtropical climate zones, the runoff process has a great influence on the regional water quantity and quality. In this study, field data about rainfall, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, groundwater table, and surface water dynamics were collected in two different experimental sites in the Taihu Basin, China. Results showed that densely distributed ditches contributed to shallow groundwater depths and persistent near-saturation soil. A correlation analysis was conducted to improve the understandings of runoff generation in humid lowland areas of the Taihu Basin. It was found that a Dunne overland flow was the dominant mechanism responsible for the rapid runoff generation. The total rainfall and runoff expressed a good linear relationship with an R2 of 0.95 in the Hongqiwei test site. The initial groundwater depth was considered as the indicator of the antecedent soil moisture estimation for the close relationship. The depression storage was suggested in a range from 4.72 to 8.03 mm for an estimation based on the water balance analysis for each rainfall event, which proves that the depression storage should not be neglected when calculating the runoff generation process in humid lowlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systemic understanding of the thermal effects on the dynamic behaviour of granite is significant to geological engineering safe applications such as nuclear waste disposal engineering. The experimental granite was taken from Beishan area of Gansu province, China, a preferable region for high-level radioactive waste repository. In order to carry out in-depth research, elevated temperature, confining pressure and impact velocity on the strength of Beishan granite were studied. The results show that above 600°°C, the granite specimens produce a large number of obvious fine cracks, some of which have large cracks, volume expansion and density decrease, and their thermal conductivity decreases rapidly. The minerals change due to heat, resulting in an increase in initial damage, which determines the degree of macroscopic impact compression fracturing, which increases with the temperature under the same impact velocity of uniaxial impact. In triaxial impact compression, the circumferential confining pressure has a strong restraining effect on the radial deformation of the specimen, which effectively improves the mechanical strength of the specimen. Below 600°°C, the peak stress change of granite specimens is relatively small, and the confining effect and impact velocity strengthening effect of confining pressure is stronger than thermal damage effect. Above 600 °C, the peak stress decreases significantly, and the thermal damage effect is stronger than the confining pressure strengthening effect. • Thermal treatment on mechanical properties for Beishan granite is tested. • The temperature damage mechanism is revealed by analysing the physical and mineral properties of Beishan granite. • 600 °C can be considered as the thermal damage threshold of Beishan granite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine whether long-term exposure to low-dose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will have an effect on the health of non-occupational population. A total of 499 non-occupational participants aged more than 18 that live around Jilin Petrochemical Industrial Zone were chosen by stratified cluster random sampling. Their blood VOCs' levels, hematological parameters and urine indicators together with detailed questionnaire data were used to find possible relationships using binary logistic regression analysis. The detection rate of benzene in the blood was high in the non-occupational population around the industrial area, and it even reached 82.3% in males but no significant difference was recorded between male and female population. In addition, trichloroethane (male: 33.2% V female: 21.7%; p = 0.002), carbon tetrachloride (males: 20.3% V females: 7.5%; p < 0.001) and trichlorethylene (male: 34.9% V female: 24.7%; p = 0.004) all showed significant differences in gender, and without exception, the prevalence of males was higher in these three VOCs than of females. The changes in red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) and basophils are correlated with carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and chloroform, respectively. And RBC, HCT and basophils are statistically significant in male compared with female of the study population. The increase in trichlorethylene was associated with an increase of 1.723% (95% CI 1.058-2.806) in HCT. The increase in carbon tetrachloride showed a more significant correlation with an increase of 2.638% in RBC count (95% CI 1.169-5.953). And trichloromethane led to a 1.922% (95% CI 1.051-3.513) increase in basophils. The changes in urinary WBC, urine ketone (KET) and urinary bilirubin (BIL) showed significant correlation with benzene, carbon tetrachloride and dibromochloromethane, respectively. The correlation in females is more significant than in males. The increase of benzene in the female population increased urinary leukocyte count by 2.902% (95% CI 1.275-6.601). The effect of carbon tetrachloride on KET was particularly pronounced, resulting in an increase of 7.000% (95% CI 1.608-30.465). Simultaneously, an increase in dibromochloromethane caused an increase of 4.256% (95% CI 1.373-13.192) in BIL. The changes in RBC, HCT and basophils can only serve as an auxiliary indicator for disease diagnosis, so they have no significant clinical significance. However, the alteration of urinary WBC, KET and BIL has great clinical significances, and it is suggested that the monitoring of the above indicators from low-dose long-term exposure be strengthen in this area.

The soil permeability and underground water level greatly affect the performance of low-impact development (LID) practices. Shanghai is located in the area of estuary and is characterized by its high groundwater level and low soil infiltration rate. The LID practices in Fuxing Island Park, Shanghai, including a bioretention cell, swales, a permeable pavement, and a combined LID practices were studied in the present paper. The performance of LID practices during the period of eight rainfall events was evaluated in terms of hydrology and water quality. Due to the detention of the LID practices, a significant delay between the peak rainfall and the peak surface runoff was observed. On-site tests show it is suitable for the applicability of LID in a rainy city with low soil infiltration rate and high groundwater level. Moreover, the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was also used to compare the hydrologic effects before and after these four LID practices application in the park. Results indicated the LID practices could effectively reduce the runoff volume and the peak flow in the park. Furthermore, the runoff water quality evaluation showed the pollutants were effectively removed by these four LID practices due to both runoff treatment and flow volume reduction. The bioretention system proved to be effective as a result of its larger facility area while the swales had the obvious reduction volume both per facility area and per catchment area.

Introduction: Age estimation is imperative in the fields of paediatric dentistry, orthodontics and forensic science. Studies have shown that dental age estimation by the radiological method is reliable and non-destructive. Although Demirjian's method was the most widely used estimation method, in recent studies, the Willems' method has been found to be more accurate. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of dental age estimation methods and to modify the Demirjian method to make it more applicable for a northern Chinese population., Materials and Methods: An assessment was made of 1004 digital orthopantomographs of a northern Chinese population (392 boys and 612 girls) ranging in age from 11 to 18 years old. Dental ages were calculated using both the Demirjian method and the Willems method. Discrepancies between chronological ages and dental ages were statistically analysed by the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. A nonlinear fitting method was applied to construct a mathematical model to modify the Demirjian method., Results: The Demirjian method underestimated age by 0.47 y in boys and 0.63 y in girls, while the Willems method underestimated age by 0.54 y and 1.01 y in boys and girls, respectively. The mean absolute error was 1.08 y for the Demirjian method and 1.22 y for the Willems method., Conclusion: The Demirjian method was more accurate for estimating dental age compared with the Willems method. However, the Demirjian method may not be suitable for the northern Chinese population; therefore, it should be modified so that it can be used for this population., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.)