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In China, Astragali Radix (Huangqi, HQ) has been extensively applied as a bulk medication. Currently, two forms of HQ are available on the market: wild-simulated HQ (WHQ) and transplanted HQ (THQ), However, it is uncertain whether the two are equally effective. This study compared the differences in their effects by investigating the efficacy of the herbal combination of Astragali Radix and Salvia miltiorrhiza (Huangqi-Danshen, HD) in the prevention of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) rats. To achieve the more accurate differential metabolites related to FCI, we proposed a tissue-targeted metabonomic study in conjunction with a novel screening strategy based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with the quadrupole-Exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Exactive MS). The appropriate thresholds of four screening factors (variable importance in the projection (VIP), log2 absolute value of fold change (|log 2 (FC)|), -In(p-value) and ǀp(corr)ǀ) and their best combination were determined by comparing R2X, R2Y, and Q2 of the orthogonal to partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models. Eleven metabolites were significantly screened and associated with focal cerebral ischemia through the novel metabolomics strategy. The transplanted HD (THD) had a better callback effect on these eleven metabolites compared with the wild-simulated HD (WHD), especially γ-L-Glutamyl- l -glutamic acid, proline, maleic acid, and S-(Formylmethyl)glutathione. Additionally, the optimal WHD and transplanted THD doses were found to be medium and high. Pathway analysis revealed that middle-dose WHD and high-dose THD largely participated in four and six metabolic pathways, respectively. The results further revealed that THD was better than WHD against focal cerebral ischemia. These findings provided a unique perspective on an integrated comparison of the efficacy difference between WHQ and THQ. In addition, the tissue-targeted metabonomic study gave us new insights into the pathological mechanism of focal cerebral ischemia. • A combination of Astragali Radix and Salvia miltiorrhiza treat focal cerebral ischemia in rats. • Tissue-targeted metabolomics reveal an organism's metabolic condition in relation to disease pathogenesis and treatment. • A novel screening strategy based on UHPLC-Q Exactive MS to identify FCI metabolites more accurately. • HD compatibility with Transplanted AR performed better than HD compatibility with Transplanted AR against FCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dementia has become one of the significant causes of disability and dependency among older people globally. The proportion of people with dementia who are cared for at home has soared. The rapid growth of technology and data has stimulated artificial intelligence (AI) in patients with dementia at home. However, there are still tremendous opportunities and challenges in applying AI to patients with dementia at home, and there is no systematic overview., Methods and Analysis: The review will adopt the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. The structure and content of this protocol follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The proposed study will consider applying AI technology for dementia patients living at home and their families. Authors will conduct systematic searches: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Cochrane database, EBSCO, Ovid, PsycINFO, Embase. The extracted data will be processed qualitatively and described through tables. The findings are integrated by a narrative synthesis. This review aims to evaluate the nature and extent of the application of AI technology in patients with dementia at home through a systematic search of the literature., Ethics and Dissemination: Scoping review is an analysis of existing data and therefore does not require ethical approval. We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal. Scoping review protocol registration . DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/3NU9C., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)