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With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the phenomenon of occupying ecological green space is becoming more serious in the process of urbanization, especially in Chinese Nationally Designated Garden Cities. The study simulates the dynamic change of Qujing in Yunnan Province of the 1993-2015 period. According to different ecological green space protection intensity, four kinds of scenarios were set up to predict the urban expansion in 2030. The spatial and temporal characteristics of urban expansion under different scenarios are quantitatively studied by using the Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII) and Urban Expansion Speed Index (UESI). The results show that the SLEUTH model has strong applicability and can better reflect the spatial and temporal characteristics of the urban expansion in Garden City. In four scenarios, the urban area shows an increasing trend, and the urban expansion speed and urban expansion intensity decrease with the increase of ecological protection intensity. Comparing four scenarios, we found that the urban development trend predicted by the ecological development scenario is more similar to the urban planning, and this conclusion has been confirmed by the distribution of urban areas of 2018. In ecological development scenario, the urban ecological land has been effectively protected and the development of the city has not been affected, which is beneficial to the sustainable development and the protection of the ecological environment. For urban planning, the suitable measures of ecological green space protection can restrain the urban expansion, and the ecological protection-oriented development mode accords with the development trend of Garden City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a rice disease of increasing importance worldwide, with no source of high-level resistance in the existing rice germplasm. To facilitate breeding varieties with good levels of field resistance to false smut, quantitative resistance loci ( QRL) were identified using 213 introgression lines ( ILs) from a cross between Teqing (recipient) and Lemont (donor) evaluated using natural infection at two hotspots of false smut in northeast China. Ten QRL affecting percentages of diseased hills, diseased panicles and diseased spikelets were detected and mapped to rice chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12. The Lemont alleles at all QRL increased false smut resistance. Four QRL (q FSR-6-7, q FSR-10-5, q FSR-10-2 and q FSR-11-2) had relatively larger and consistent effects across the two testing sites. Promising resistant ILs were identified, most of which had multiple QRL, suggesting that pyramiding multiple QRL by marker-assisted selection would be an effective strategy for improving rice resistance to false smut. The identified QRL and their linked DNA markers will facilitate this breeding effort in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is an important constraint affecting rice yield and quality in Asia. In China, rice false smut is especially severe in the japonica rice-growing areas in the North China. Nothing is known neither about the diversity of the pathogen in this region nor about the characteristic of its local population. In this study, 110 U. virens isolates sampled from Liaoning and Beijing of North China were analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to primarily understand the genetic diversity of this pathogen and its population characteristics. At the genetic distance of 0.32, all isolates were divided into two groups. Group A consists of two subgroups differentiated at the genetic distance of 0.55, subgroup 1 included all isolates from Liaoning with an average genetic similarity over 0.82 and subgroup 2 included 27 isolates from Beijing with similarity of 0.74. Group B consists of 28 isolates from Beijing having a diversity of 0.054. The isolates from the Liaoning province, where rice false smut has generated different take-all epidemic for 20 years, showed a genetic diversity of 0.305, which was approximately equally distributed within and among populations. Whereas genetic diversity was 0.458 among isolates from Beijing, an extremely high level of genetic differentiation among 55 isolates was observed in this disease hotspot. Our results suggested that the populations among different locations where sexual stage of the pathogen was rare to be found within ecological region were similar, and the variation of this pathogen has mainly arisen via asexual mechanisms. The migration through human activities in breeding perhaps provides a means of transporting the pathogen from one region to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice milling quality is the final part of grain yield making it fit for eating and a complex trait that remains poorly understood genetically. Three components of rice milling quality, i.e. brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate and related rice grain shape traits were genetically dissected by the QTL mapping approach using a set of 231 random rice introgression lines and 160 SSR markers. A total of 10 genomic regions were found to be associated with rice grain shape and milling quality traits. Of these, one major QTL on chromosome 7 had large effects on rice grain shape and milling quality and was detected consistently in several related populations of rice, which offers an opportunity for marker-aided improvement of rice milling quality and QTL cloning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the survival time and to explore the releated factors of antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in LiangShan Prefecture, Sichuan Province for reduction of AIDS death rate. Methods: The retrospective research method was used to collect relevant information from the Management Database of Antiviral Treatment from the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Information System. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe the survival distribution and to analyze the survival time by single factor and the model of Cox proportional riskanalysis was performed to analyze the survival time of HARRT by multi-factors analysis. Results: Total 14 219 adults and young persons aged ≥15 HIV/AIDS patients received antiviral treatment from 2005 to 2015. The average age of all cases was (36.10±9.41) years old and 10 021 were males (70.5%). The main route of infection was intravenous drug use (61.0%, 8 678 cases). At the end of the observation, 10001 cases (70.3%) were still treated, and 1 425 cases (10.0%) died; Cox Regression analysis showed that female (0.67 (0.55-0.81)), route of sexual infection (0.67 (0.56-0.79)), baseline CD4 + T lymphocyte count 200-350 (0.41 (0.35-0.47)) and ≥350 (0.28 (0.24-0.34)), was a protective factor in death. At the beginning of treatment, the patient is clinically staging stage Ⅱ (0.70 (0.58-0.84)) and abnormal BMI (1.75 (1.50-2.03)), is a risk factor for death ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Early antiviral treatment is of great significance in improving the anti-viral treatment effect of AIDS. Compliance education should be further strengthened so as to enhance their knowledge. And it is feasible to enhance the effect of treatment through nutritional support for prolonging patients survival time and improving the quality of life.

Background: Nearly 20% novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have abnormal coagulation function. Padua prediction score (PPS) is a validated tools for venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment. However, its clinical value in COVID-19 patients' evaluation was unclear., Methods: We prospectively evaluated the VTE risk of COVID-19 patients using PPS. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Association of PPS with 28-day mortality was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis., Results: Two hundred and seventy-four continuous patients were enrolled, with total mortality of 17.2%. Patients in high PPS group, with significantly abnormal coagulation, have a higher levels of interleukin 6 (25.27 vs. 2.55 pg/ml, P < 0.001), prophylactic anticoagulation rate (60.7% vs. 6.5%, P < 0.001) and mortality (40.5% vs. 5.9%, P < 0.001) when compared with that in low PPS group. Critical patients showed higher PPS (6 vs. 2 score, P < 0.001) than that in severe patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality included high PPS [odds ratio (OR): 7.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.08-16.01], increased interleukin-6 (OR: 11.79, 95% CI: 5.45-26.20) and elevated d-dimer (OR: 4.65, 95% CI: 1.15-12.15). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated patients with higher PPS had a significant survival disadvantage. Prophylactic anticoagulation in higher PPS patients shows a mild advantage of mortality but without statistical significance (37.1% vs. 45.7%, P = 0.42)., Conclusion: Higher PPS associated with in-hospital poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Prophylactic anticoagulation showed a mild advantage of mortality in COVID-19 patients with higher PPS, but it remain to need further investigation., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: The main aim of this systematic review was to assess the dry socket management using plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in terms of pain relief, alveolar fossa healing, inflammation, the incidence of dry socket., Material and Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Elsevier Science Direct, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and VIP database were searched for the related articles without language limitation. Two reviewers independently searched and evaluated relevant studies. This review has been registered in the website PROSPERO (CRD42018087252)., Results: 28 articles were retrieved on PubMed and 98 on other electronic databases in the initial search. In the end, 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, with a total of 139 patients enrolled. The descriptive results indicated that the use of PRGF may help reduce pain and inflammation after tooth extraction. To some extent, it is beneficial to the management of dry socket after extraction., Conclusions: Quality assessment indicated all the included studies were judged to be at high risk of bias with low quality. Hence, it was impossible to make a recommendation for clinical use of PRGF based on the current evidence. Clearly, a multicenter clinical randomized controlled trial is needed urgent to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRGF for dry socket management.

Objective: To analyze the deaths with antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2005 to 2015, in order to understand the epidemiological characteristics and to further reduce the mortality rate in Liangshan Prefecture. Methods: The relevant information was collected through the Management Database of Antiretroviral Treatment from the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Information System. Results: From 2005 to 2015, a total of 14 219 adult HIV/AIDS patients received antiretroviral treatment and 1 425 death cases were reported during the treatment. The cause of death was mainly AIDS-related diseases (58.9 % ), and the cumulative mortality rate was 10.02 % . Gender, age, the way of infection, duration of antiretroviral therapy, clinical stage when received antiretroviral therapy, and CD(4)(+) T lymphocyte levels were factors for the mortality rate ( P <0.001). The mortality increased with older age, higher initiation clinical stage and lower level of CD(4)(+) T lymphocyte. Among the death cases, 82.6 % were male, 1 182 (82.9 % ) were married or cohabited, most aged between 30-39 years old (48.6 % ). At the initial point of receiving antiretroviral therapy, 49.7 % of the cases with CD(4)(+)T lymphocytes levels< 200/μl, 61.2 % of the deaths cases were>1 000 copies/ml during the last viral load test, and 16.2 % of deaths were ≥500/μl in the last CD(4)(+)T lymphocyte test; 44.5 % of deaths were received antiretroviral treatment within one year. Conclusion: Early and timely antiretroviral therapy should be carried out. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of antiretroviral therapy and to improve the management quality of follow-up information of antiretroviral therapy case files, and to improve the medication compliance of patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and to explore the releated factors of antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Methods: The method of convenience sampling was adopted in July 2017 to select the research objects who were accepted antiretroviral therapy (ART) over 6 months, older than 18 years and had HIV viral load in 2016, totally 400 cases. A retrospective study was used to collect the data, including social demography, medicine use, information of medical service acquisition, their own behaviors and cognition. 395 questionnaires were effectively recovered. χ(2) test and logistic regression were performed to examine relationships between factors and effects. Results: All of the 395 respondents were Yi-nationality. The average age of all cases was (39.23±7.52) years old and 223 were male (56.5%). Among 395 cases patients who were detect Viral load in 2016, 221 cases were under the number of 400 copies, thze effective rate of ART was 55.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that HIV/AIDS patients who missed the medication during the antiviral therapy had poor antiviral effects. Compared to those who adhered to medication, the treatment-ineffective OR (95 %CI ) of the patients missing the medication during the therapy was 7.06 (3.67-13.58); Compared to those who had adverse reactions that affect the therapy, the treatment-ineffective OR (95 %CI ) of the patients with mild adverse reactions that did not affect the therapy was 0.45 (0.23-0.87); Compared to the patients who used drugs during the treatment, the treatment-ineffective OR (95 %CI ) value of the antiretroviral therapy effect of non-drug users was 0.39 (0.16-0.91);Compared to the patients who have a correct cognition that insisting on taking medicine correctly can extend their life expectancy as a common person, the treatment-ineffective OR (95 %CI ) values for those who hold the view that could be prolonged by 10-20 years and not/unknown were 4.18 (1.59-10.99) and 6.64 (2.67-16.53). Conclusion: The HIV/AIDS patients who receive ART were less effective in Liangshan, Prefecture. Missings drugs is one of the main influencing factors for the ineffective treatment.

Numerous studies regarding the association between the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and oral cancer risk in Asian populations have shown controversial results. To get a more precise estimation of this relationship, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Elsevier Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wan Fang Med Online were searched. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects models. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q test and I(2) statistics. Twelve articles including 1925 oral cancer patients and 2335 controls were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the meta-analysis showed that the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism was associated with oral cancer risk in Asians (m1/m1 vs m2/m2: OR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.30-070, POR = 0.000; m1/m1 vs m1/m2+m2/m2: OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.51-0.98, POR = 0.037; m1/m1+m1/m2 vs m2/m2: OR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.35-0.65, POR = 0.000). Subgroup analyses showed that the control source (hospital-based or population-based), the genotyping method [polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism], the country in which the study was conducted, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Yes or No) were positively related to the association. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the overall results showed no significant change in three genetic models when any one study was removed, and publication bias was undetected by the Egger test. The CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may be associated with oral cancer risk in Asian populations.

A large set of 254 introgression lines in an elite indica genetic background were evaluated for grain yield (GY) and related traits under the irrigated (control) and drought (stress) conditions in two consecutive years for genetic dissection of adaptive strategies of rice to water stress. A total of 36 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date (HD), plant height (PH), GY and yield components were identified and most QTLs showed pronounced differential expression either qualitatively or quantitatively in response to drought. These QTLs could be grouped into three major types based on their behaviors under control and stress conditions. Type I included 12 QTLs that expressed under both the stress and non-stress conditions. Type II comprised 17 QTLs that expressed under irrigation but not under stress. Type III included seven QTLs that were apparently induced by stress. The observation that the Lemont (japonica) alleles at all HD QTLs except QHd5 resulted in early heading under stress appeared to be responsible for the putative adaptation of Lemont to drought by escaping, whereas the Teqing (indica) alleles at most PH/GY QTLs were consistently associated with increased yield potential and trait stability and thus contributed to DT. Our result that most DT QTLs were non-allelic with QTLs for drought escaping suggests that the two adaptive strategies in the parental lines are under possible negative regulation of two largely non-overlapping genetic systems.

The relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical cancer was investigated prospectively in a cohort of 16,797 women aged 25 years or more who were followed from 1974 to 1985 within the framework of a cervical screening program in Jingan, China. Personal interviews were conducted by trained interviewers when the women first entered the screening program. At initial screening, 421 (2.51%) women had a positive cytologic diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection. Ninety-nine incident cases of pathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma were identified from the cohort, with a total of 140,018 person-years of observation. T. vaginalis infection was found to contribute to the risk of cervical cancer, as determined by crude estimates and after adjustment for potential confounding effects. In a multiple proportional hazards model, the relative risk for cervical cancer was 3.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 7.4) among women with T. vaginalis infection. Furthermore, in the multivariate analysis, increased risk of cervical cancer was associated with the following factors: number of extramarital sexual partners of both the subjects and their spouses, cigarette smoking, and irregular menstruation. Having a large number of negative Pap smears was associated with lower risk. This study suggests that there might be an association between T. vaginalis infection and the risk of cervical cancer, but only 4 to 5% of cervical cancer in Chinese women may be attributable to T. vaginalis infection.

The inhabitants with positive eggs of whipworm and ascaris in a village of Jiangdou County were examined and treated with different antihelmintic drugs twice a year. The uncured population were treated by drug administration once again. On an average the efficiency of drug treatment (cure rate x treatment rate) was 56.7% in whipworm and 64.5% in ascaris. The program had been carried out for five years. The positive rate of eggs of whipworm and ascaris in the population decreased from 64.7% and 52.1% to 2.7% and 4.1%, respectively, the mean increase in infection rates among population at 5 or 7 months after treatment was 2.68 (0.86-5.74)% and 6.94(1.72-17.27)%, respectively.