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This article presents a classification and clustering based study to account for the differences among five Chinese light verbs (congshi, gao, jiayi, jinxing, and zuo) as well as their variations in Mainland China Mandarin (ML) and Taiwan Mandarin (TW). Based on 13 linguistic features, both competition and co-development of these light verbs are studied in terms of their distinct and shared collocates. The proposed method discovers significant new grammatical differences in addition to confirming previously reported ones. Most significant discoveries include selectional restrictions differentiating deverbal nominals and event nouns, and degrees of transitivity of VO compounds. We also find that most variations between Mainland China Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin are in fact differences in tendencies or preferences in contexts of usage of shared grammatical rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of invasive candidiasis is increasing worldwide. However, the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence of Candida spp. in most hospitals remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate invasive candidiasis in a tertiary care hospital in Nanchang City, China. Methods: MALDI-TOF MS and 18S rDNA ITS sequencing were used to identify Candida strains. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was used for molecular typing; biofilm production, caseinase, and hemolysin activities were used to evaluate virulence. The Sensititre™ YeastOne YO10 panel was used to examine antifungal susceptibility. Mutations in ERG11 and the hotspot regions of FKS1 of drug-resistant strains were sequenced to evaluate the possible mechanisms of antifungal resistance. Results: We obtained 110 Candida strains, which included 40 Candida albicans (36.36%), 37 C. parapsilosis (33.64%), 21 C. tropicalis (19.09%), 9 C. glabrata (8.18%), 2 C. rugose (1.82%), and 1 C. haemulonii (0.91%) isolates. At a limiting point of 0.80, C. albicans isolates could be grouped into five clusters, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis isolates into seven clusters, and C. glabrata isolates into only one cluster comprising six strains by RAPD typing. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that the isolates showed the greatest overall resistance against fluconazole (6.36%), followed by voriconazole (4.55%). All C. albicans and C. parapsilosis isolates exhibited 100% susceptibility to echinocandins (i.e., anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin), whereas one C. glabrata strain was resistant to echinocandins. The most common amino acid substitutions noted in our study was 132aa (Y132H, Y132F) in the azole-resistant strains. No missense mutation was identified in the hotpot regions of FKS1. Comparison of the selected virulence factors detectable in a laboratory environment, such as biofilm, caseinase, and hemolysin production, revealed that most Candida isolates were caseinase and hemolysin producers with a strong activity (Pz < 0.69). Furthermore, C. parapsilosis had greater total biofilm biomass (average Abs620 = 0.712) than C. albicans (average Abs620 = 0.214, p < 0.01) or C. tropicalis (average Abs620 = 0.450, p < 0.05), although all C. glabrata strains were either low- or no-biofilm producers. The virulence level of the isolates from different specimen sources or clusters showed no obvious correlation. Interesting, 75% of the C. albicans from cluster F demonstrated azole resistance, whereas two azole-resistant C. tropicalis strains belonged to the cluster Y. Conclusion: This study provides vital information regarding the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. in patients admitted to Nanchang City Hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pepsinogens (PGs) can be used for gastric cancer (GC) screening, but the cutoff levels vary among studies, and PG levels are influenced by numerous factors. The aim of this article is to examine the diagnostic value of PG levels and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) status for GC and atrophic gastritis screening in asymptomatic individuals undergoing health checkup in China. Patients and Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study of subjects who underwent health checkup from 10/2016 to 10/2018 at nine International Healthcare Centers in China. All participants underwent gastroscopy and pathological examination, serum PG, 13C-urea breath test, and/or Hp serological current infection marker rapid test, all on the same day. PG-related parameters were analyzed in different Hp subgroups and regions. Results: The patients were grouped as non-atrophic (NAG, n = 1,590), mild to moderate atrophic (MAG, n = 273), severe atrophic (SAG, n = 49), and GC (n = 10). The serum PG levels in these groups decreased with increasing pathological severity. In the same pathological groups, PGI and PGII levels were higher in the Hp -positive subgroup, while PGR (PGI/PGII ratio) was lower (P < 0.05). The best cutoff values for atrophy diagnosis were PGI ≤73.1 ng/ml and PGR ≤9.8, for severe atrophy were PGI ≤63.9 ng/ml and PGR ≤9.09, and for GC was PGR ≤4.7 (all P < 0.05 and area under the curve >0.7). The cutoff points varied with Hp status and China regions. Conclusion: Serum PG levels might be used for the screening of gastric atrophic gastritis lesions. The results suggest that different cutoff values should possibly be used in different Hp status groups and geographical regions, but it will have to be validated in future studies. Future studies should also examine the value of PG levels for GC detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the difference of serum pepsinogen (PG) baseline levels in different regions of China and its influencing factors.Methods: From October 2016 to October 2018, asymptomatic health checkup people who underwent nasal endoscopy in nine health management centers in different regions of China were collected. Lifestyle questionnaires were conducted, and serum PG and gastroscopy were performed. The differences in PG levels in baseline population (OLGA-0 grade) were studied according to geographical subregions of China. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.Results: 1922 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the non-atrophy (OLGA-0) group, PGR levels in atrophy group (OLGA-I to IV) were significantly decreased with the atrophy degree (p < 0.05). A total of 1590 baseline people (OLGA-0) were included in the study, including 254 from South China, 574 from East China, 210 from Southwest China, 332 from Northeast China, and 220 from Central/Northern China. There were significant differences in baseline PGI levels among the five regions (p < 0.05). The PGII levels were also different among the five regions, except for Central/Northern versus Southern China. PGR (PGI/PGII ratio) levels in Southern China were higher than other four regions. Further studies were conducted on the related factors that might affect the baseline PG level, which was affected by nationality, dietary habits, smoking, Helicobacter pylori infection and other related factors.Conclusion: Influenced by many factors, the baseline PG levels are different in different regions of China. In the follow-up studies of PG cut-off value, different PG cut-off value based on region may be more effective in the screening of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite of persistent anti-drug regulations and policies, China has encountered a large boom in narcotic drug addicts. Drug addicts can be found in distinct social groups, from the rich to the poor. Classic drug research theories have paid less attention to drug addiction issues in transitional China's context. This study introduces a socio-structural transition perspective to explore the increasing and wide-spreading drug addiction problems in contemporary China. Based on in-depth interviews with drug addicts, social workers, and local policemen in Fujian, we collected 13 addict cases with detailed life experiences. Two structurally distinct groups were identified among the addicts. The impoverished descender addicts, struggling with much frustration in the disadvantaged situations, are associated with the class-based drug initiation patterns. Meanwhile, the affluent upstart addicts, gaining easy money with the traditional moral commitment left behind, are related to the consumer-based pathways to drug abuse. Moreover, these distinct addicts have commonalities in contemporary Chinese contexts. At the macro level, they fail to adapt themselves to the rapid structural transition process in both the material and spiritual ways, and thus are lost into the drug-related deviant social positions with weakening social controls and exposure to deviant peers. These findings further indicate the complex associations among deviant social consequences, social classes, and socio-structural changes in historical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold treatment (vernalization) is required for winter crops such as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). However, excessive exposure to low temperature (LT) in winter is also a stress for the semi-winter, early-flowering rapeseed varieties widely cultivated in China. Photosynthetic efficiency is one of the key determinants, and thus a good indicator for LT tolerance in plants. So far, the genetic basis underlying photosynthetic efficiency is poorly understood in rapeseed. Here the current study used Associative Transcriptomics to identify genetic loci controlling photosynthetic gas exchange parameters in a diversity panel comprising 123 accessions. A total of 201 significant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 147 Gene Expression Markers (GEMs) were detected, leading to the identification of 22 candidate genes. Of these, Cab026133.1, an ortholog of the Arabidopsis gene AT2G29300.2 encoding a tropinone reductase (BnTR1), was further confirmed to be closely linked to transpiration rate. Ectopic expressing BnTR1 in Arabidopsis plants significantly increased the transpiration rate and enhanced LT tolerance under freezing conditions. Also, a much higher level of alkaloids content was observed in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, which could help protect against LT stress. Together, the current study showed that AT is an effective approach for dissecting LT tolerance trait in rapeseed and that BnTR1 is a good target gene for the genetic improvement of LT tolerance in plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is experiencing urbanization and modernization at the largest scale in human history. An army of over 280 million “peasant workers” are an integral part of this great transformation to modernity. Drawing on different data sources, including national representative random samples and the authors' first‐hand survey data, we provide systematic comparisons between the older and the younger generation of peasant workers and between young peasant entrepreneurs in cities and young returnee entrepreneurs. We found that, compared with the older generation, the younger generation of peasant workers is better educated, holds more stable jobs, has a higher income, lives a happier life and is more optimistic about the future. Our analysis of the two types of peasant entrepreneurs shows that they are the elites among peasant workers, running successful business and making handsome profits. We also note that discrimination and institutional obstacles, especially the hukou system, remain to be overcome in the peasant workers' transition to modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is reportedly the most effective therapy for relapsing Clostridium Difficile infection (CDI) and a potential therapeutic option for many diseases. It also poses important ethical concerns. This study is an attempt to assess clinicians' perception and attitudes towards ethical and social challenges raised by fecal microbiota transplantation.Methods: A questionnaire was developed which consisted of 20 items: four items covered general aspects, nine were about ethical aspects such as informed consent and privacy issues, four concerned social and regulatory issues, and three were about an FMT bank. This was distributed to participants at the Second China gastroenterology and FMT conference in May 2015. Basic descriptive statistical analyses and simple comparative statistical tests were performed.Results: Nearly three quarters of the 100 respondents were gastro-enterologist physicians. 89% of all respondents believed FMT is a promising treatment modality for some diseases and 88% of whom chose clinical efficacy as the primary reason for recommending FMT. High expectation from patients and pressure on clinicians (33%) was reported as the most frequent reasons for not recommending FMT. The clinicians who had less familiarity with FMT reported significantly more worry related to the dignity and psychological impact of FMT compared to those who have high familiarity with FMT (51.6% vs 27.8%, p = 0.021).More than half of the respondents (56.1%) were concerned about the commercialization of FMT, although almost one in five respondents did not see this as a problem.Conclusions: We found most respondents have positive attitudes towards FMT but low awareness of published evidence. Informed consent for vulnerable patients, privacy and protection of donors were perceived as the most challenging ethical aspects of FMT. This study identified areas of limited knowledge and ways of addressing ethical issues and indicates the need to devise the education and training for clinicians on FMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare-earth elements (REEs) have been widely used in agriculture for the growth of crops in China since the 1980s. As a secondary messenger, calcium ion (Ca2+) participates in physiological and biochemical reactions in plants via cellular or intercellular signal transduction networks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trivalent lanthanum (La3+) on the change of Ca2+ in the root cells of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Shengdao 16) with laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicated that Ca2+ level in the root cells was affected by the concentrations of La3+. The level of Ca2+ slightly decreased in the root of rice treated with 0.2 mmol L–1 La3+, and Ca2+ oscillation was induced in the root of rice treated with 1.0 mmol L–1 La3+. However, Ca2+ level increased in the root of rice treated with 2.0 mmol L–1 La3+. In addition, the results indicated that Ca2+ level in the rice roots slightly decreased after Ca2+ inhibitors verapamil (VP), ruthenium red (RR), trifluperazine (TFP), and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) were added. Moreover, the effects of 2.0 mmol L–1 La3+ on Ca2+ level in the root cells of rice were investigated after Ca2+ was inhibited with VP, TFP, RR, and EGTA. Inhibited with VP, TFP, RR, and EGTA, Ca2+ level slightly decreased or was not affected in the rice roots treated with 2.0 mmol L–1 La3+. The results showed that La3+ participated in the signal transduction networks via calmodulin (CaM) and that La3+ might enter into the root cells via the membrane and intracellular Ca2+ channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review of the Chinese literature was conducted from 1956 to 2005. The survey included both online and manual searching, as well as expert discussions aimed at providing insight into factors affecting benzene exposure levels in paint/coatings industries. Data extracted from 204 papers included: (1) year of occurrence, (2) type of paint/coatings products, (3) type of industries where the products were used or produced, (4) job titles and work activities, (5) type of literature searched, (6) working conditions whenever data were available, and (7) exposure levels. Most benzene measurements were short-term samples for comparison with the Chinese maximum allowable concentration standard. The accuracy and precision of the sampling and analytical methods were not reported. The distribution of benzene concentrations was tested and found to fit neither normal nor lognormal distributions. Analysis of variance (comparison for more than two groups) and t-test (comparison for two groups) were conducted on Blom-transformed benzene concentration data. The overall median benzene exposure levels were 215, 82, 31, and 6 mg/m3 during the periods 1956-1978, 1979-1989, 1990-2001, and 2002-2005, respectively. Mean benzene exposure was significantly lower for paint manufacturing than paint spraying. No significant difference was found among paint types and benzene exposure for paint application. Benzene exposure was significantly higher in workplaces judged to have poor ventilation. No significant differences were found in benzene exposure as a function of industry type. Even though substantially lower when compared with levels in the past, recent benzene exposure measurements suggested that many facilities in the paint/coatings industries in China still have benzene concentrations that are above the current China occupational exposure limit for benzene (6 mg/m3 as a time-weighted average). Benzene concentrations from the present exercise, while not directly supporting quantitative retrospective exposure estimating, provide insight on relative benzene exposure for painting tasks in the reported industries over time. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplemental resource: tables detailing benzene concentration for different types of painting and other tasks in Chinese industry.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslipidemia is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The interaction between post-transplant hyperlipidemia and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is uncertain. In this study, we performed a retrospective study to explore the relationship between dyslipidemia and aGVHD and the potential mechanism of aGVHD on dyslipidemia in 147 recipients who underwent allo-HSCT. The lipid profiles, transplantation details, and other laboratory data of the subjects were collected in the first 100 days post-transplantation. Our results indicated 63 patients with new-onset hypertriglyceridemia and 39 patients with new-onset hypercholesterolemia. A total of 57 (38.8%) patients developed aGVHD after transplantation. In a multifactorial analysis, aGVHD was an independent factor in the development of dyslipidemia in recipients (P < 0.05). After transplantation, the median LDL-C level of patients with aGVHD was 3.04 mmol/L (standard deviation value (SD): 1.36 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.62, 3.45 mmol/L), and the LDL-C level in patients without aGVHD was 2.51 mmol/L (SD: 1.38 mmol/L, CI: 2.67, 3.40 mmol/L) (P < 0.05). Female recipients had higher lipid levels than males (P < 0.05). LDL levels (≥ 3.4 mmol/L) post-transplant were an independent risk factor for the development of aGVHD (OR = 0.311, P < 0.05). In conclusion, larger sample studies are anticipated to confirm our preliminary result, and an accurate mechanism between lipid metabolism and aGVHD needs to be determined in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this article we present the Database of Word-Level Statistics for Mandarin Chinese (DoWLS-MAN). The database addresses the lack of agreement in phonological syllable segmentation specific to Mandarin by offering phonological features for each lexical item according to 16 schematic representations of the syllable (8 with tone and 8 without tone). Those lexical statistics that differ per phonological word and nonword due to changes in syllable segmentation are of the variant category and include subtitle lexical frequency, phonological neighborhood density measures, homophone density, and network science measures. The invariant characteristics consist of each items' lexical tone, phonological transcription, and syllable structure among others. The goal of DoWLS-MAN is to provide researchers both the ability to choose stimuli that are derived from a segmentation schema that supports an existing model of Mandarin speech processing, and the ability to choose stimuli that allow for the testing of hypotheses on phonological segmentation according to multiple schemas. In an exploratory analysis we illustrate how multiple schematic representations of the phonological mental lexicon can aid in hypothesis generation, specifically in terms of phonological processing when reading Chinese orthography. Users of the database can search among over 92,000 words, over 1600 out-of-vocabulary Chinese characters, and 4300 phonological nonwords according to either Chinese orthography, pinyin, or ASCII phonetic script. Users can also generate a list of phonological words and nonwords according to user-defined ranges and categories of lexical characteristics. DoWLS-MAN is available to the public for search or download at https://dowls.site ., (© 2021. The Psychonomic Society, Inc.)

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is one of the late complications in survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and the gonadal hormones might be involved in the pathogenesis of this pathological process. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of SD by questionnaire, to explore the relationship between SD and the comprehensive gonadal hormones in patients post HSCT. We identified 72 survivors of hematological diseases who underwent HSCT. The sociodemographic characteristics and medical histories of participants were ascertained by a modified version of a questionnaire named "PPSAS-HSCT" in our study. Blood samples were regularly assayed for the global gonadal hormones. Forty-four percent of the females and 51% of the males reported a loss of interest in sexual activities. Ninety-two percent (23/25) of females exhibited decreased serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, and 74% (35/47) of males had elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. The males with a higher level of oestradiol/testosterone (E2/T) had more symptoms of SD after HSCT. Patients with GVHD who received glucocorticoid (GC) therapy exhibited a lower level of testosterone and more serious SD, especially in the female population. SD and abnormal gonadal hormone homeostasis were present in more than half of the survivors after HSCT. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and glucocorticoid treatment were confirmed to have a significant impact on the levels of testosterone among females. A multimodal intervention for the survivors after HSCT and a better consciousness of the medical staff are necessary for improving the quality of life of the recipients., (© 2021. Society for Reproductive Investigation.)

Background: Although recent studies have indicated that intestinal microbiota dweller are involved in the pathogenesis of allergy rhinitis (AR), the influence of gut microbiota on AR adult has not been fully elucidated yet. Hence, we carried out this study to uncover the distinctive bacterial taxa that differentiate allergy rhinitis patients from healthy individuals. Feces samples from thirty three AR patients and thirty one healthy individuals were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing., Results: Results showed that the bacterial diversity in AR group was significantly higher than that of the non-AR group. Bacterial communities between AR and non-AR group were significantly differentiated as revealed by Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the variation within non-AR were higher than that of the counterpart. Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi were the significantly differed phyla taxa and the top significantly distinguished bacterial genus included Prevotella&#95;9, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Megamonas, Alistipes, Lachnoclostridium and Fusobacterium. The higher network complexity in AR group were dominated by taxa belonging to Firmicutes. The predicted function, alpha linolenic acid metabolism and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells pathway were higher in non-AR group while gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway, Fc γ-R mediated phagocytosis and endocytosis were higher in AR patients. Although the bacterial diversity between moderate and severe AR patients showed no significant difference, the significant correlation between featured genus and total nasal symptom score or rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, such as Butyricicoccus and Eisenbergiella, revealed the potential to intervene the AR status by means of gut microbiota., Conclusions: In conclusion, patients with allergy rhinitis had distinguished gut microbiota characteritics in comparison with healthy controls. The results suggest that gut microbiota might play crucial roles in influencing the course and different symptoms of AR. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900028613. Registered 29 December 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=47650 .

Objectives: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of 2 conditioning regimens (busulfan/fludarabine vs modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant., Materails and Methods: Twenty patients with primary acute myeloid leukemia had been randomized into busulfan/fludarabine and modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide groups. We retrospectively compared hematopoietic engraftment, regimen-related toxicity, graft-versus-host disease, transplant-related mortality, leukemia-free survival, and overall survival between the groups., Results: All patients achieved engraftment with 100% donor chimerism. The median times for the neutrophil and platelet engraftment in the busulfan/fludarabine and modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide groups were 14.1 versus 14.3 days and 12.7 versus 12.2 days, respectively. Significantly lower incidences of pretreatment toxicity, blood transfusion, and virus activation were observed in the busulfan/fludarabine group. Acute grade 1 graft-versus-host-disease developed in all patients, which was successfully controlled with methylprednisolone. There were no significant differences in engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, leukemia-free survival, and overall survival between groups. Both of these conditioning regimens achieved stable engraftment. Regimen-related toxicity in the busulfan/fludarabine group was well tolerated compared with that in the modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide group, without an increase in relapse rate., Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that myeloablative busulfan/fludarabine might be a highly effective and low-toxicity alternative for patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

The aim of this study is to investigate the association of the polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and granulin (GRN) with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a Chinese Han population. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering TNF and six SNPs covering GRN were investigated in 861 Chinese Han AS patients and 864 healthy controls. For rs1799964, the C allele was linked to reduced risk of AS (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.50-0.71). The carriers of the C/C homozygote showed a significantly lower risk of AS compared with the TT homozygote and the C/T heterozygote under the recessive model (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12-0.45). For rs1800629, the A allele was also linked to reduced risk of AS (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.39-0.74). For rs1800630, the A allele was also linked to reduced risk of AS (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.48-0.72). The carriers of the A/A homozygote showed a significantly lower risk of AS compared with the C/C homozygote and the A/C heterozygote under the recessive model (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.07-0.47). For rs769178, the T allele was linked to increased risk of AS (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 2.18-3.09). The carriers of the T/T homozygote showed a significantly higher risk of AS compared with the GG homozygote and the G/T heterozygote under the recessive model (p < 0.0001, OR = 3.34, 95 %CI = 1.95-5.72). There was no significant difference between the AS patients and the controls in the genotype or allele frequencies of rs361525. For GRN, there was no significant difference between the AS patients and the controls in the genotype or allele frequencies of rs25646, rs3760365, rs3785817, rs4792939, rs5848, rs850713 (p > 0.05). This study indicates that polymorphisms in TNF are related to AS, but polymorphisms in GRN are not related to AS susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.

Purpose: To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness measurements using time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD OCT) and 2 Fourier-domain OCTs (FD OCT)., Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 normal participants underwent eye examination followed by OCT evaluation with the time-domain Stratus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Dublin, CA) and 2 FD OCTs-the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Dublin, CA) and the 3D OCT-1000 (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Each patient was scanned 3 times on each machine by the same physician examiner. RNFL and macular thickness measurements were compared across the 3 devices using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison t tests with Bonferroni adjustments. The coefficients of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess reproducibility. Bland-Altman plots were constructed to assess the level of agreement between every 2 OCTs., Results: All 3 machines revealed similar patterns of regional differences in RNFL and macular thicknesses. Macular thickness was consistently greatest on the Cirrus and lowest on the Stratus device. However, RNFL measurements were less consistent. The overall average RNFL thickness was 4 μm greater on the Stratus than on the 3D OCT-1000, which was in turn 5 μm greater than on the Cirrus device. Bland-Altman plots showed poor-to-moderate agreement in terms of macular and RNFL thickness measurements between each 2 of the OCT devices. Both FD OCTs provided more reproducible readings on macular measurements than the Stratus, as evidenced by the lower CV and higher intraclass correlation coefficients. However, RNFL measurements on the 2 FD OCTs were not necessarily more reproducible than those from the Stratus OCT., Conclusion: Thickness measurements are not interchangeable among different OCT devices because of the poor-to-moderate interdevice measurement agreement. FD instruments yield more reproducible macular but not RNFL thickness measurements.