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Purpose: Awake extubation and deep extubation are commonly used anesthesia techniques. In this study, the safety of propofol-assisted deep extubation in the dental treatment of children was assessed. Materials and methods: Children with severe caries who received dental treatment under general anesthesia and deep extubation between January 2017 and June 2023 were included in this study. Data were collected on the following variables: details and time of anesthesia, perioperative vital signs, and incidence of postoperative complications. The incidence of laryngeal spasm (LS) was considered to be the primary observation indicator. Results: The perioperative data obtained from 195 children undergoing dental treatment was reviewed. The median age was 4.2 years (range: 2.3 to 9.6 years), and the average duration of anesthesia was 2.56 h (range 1 to 4.5 h). During intubation with a videoscope, purulent mucus was found in the pharyngeal cavity of seven children (3.6%); LS occurred in five of them (2.6%), and one child developed a fever (T = 37.8 °C) after discharge. Five children (2.6%) experienced emergence agitation (EA) in the recovery room. Also, 13 children (6.7%) experienced epistaxis; 10 had a mild experience and three had a moderate experience. No cases of airway obstruction (AO) and hypoxemia were recorded. The time to open eyes (TOE) was 16.3 ± 7.2 min. The incidence rate of complications was 23/195 (11.8%). Emergency tracheal reintubation was not required. Patients with mild upper respiratory tract infections showed a significantly higher incidence of complications (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Propofol-assisted deep extubation is a suitable technique that can be used for pediatric patients who exhibited non-cooperation in the outpatient setting. Epistaxis represents the most frequently encountered complication. Preoperative upper respiratory tract infection significantly increases the risk of complications. The occurrence of EA was notably lower than reported in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of box subgrade haunching on structural static characteristics of high-speed railway, a more reasonable box subgrade haunching method is found. In this paper, the box subgrade is divided into independent components, and the reinforcement mode of each independent component is calculated through static analysis. ABAQUS software is used for numerical simulation. In view of the stress concentration phenomenon at the connection node between the top plate and the vertical plate of the box subgrade structure, the influence of different haunching heights and angles of the triangular haunch on the stress concentration at the node is studied by using the control variable method, and the optimal haunching mode is proposed to optimize the static characteristics of the box subgrade structure. The analysis results show that when the fixed axillary height is 400 mm and the axillary angle is between 15° ~ 60°, the stress mutation reduction ratio Sr value decreases with the increase of axillary angle; When the axillary angle is between 60° ~ 75°, the Sr value increases with the increase of the axillary angle, and the optimal axillary angle is between 45° ~ 60°. When the axillary angle is fixed at 60°, the Sr value decreases as the axillary length increases, and the optimal axillary length is between 300 ~ 400 mm. The determination of the reinforcement mode and the optimal haunching mode of the box type subgrade is innovative to a certain extent, and provides valuable technical experience for the research of structural optimization of box type Subgrade of high-speed railway in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The transcriptional level of chitin synthase A (DcCHSA) was investigated in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama at various developmental stages and tissues in this work. The survival and molting of D. citri nymphs were negatively impacted by high concentrations of DFB, which could also cause DcCHSA to express itself significantly. We also looked into how CHS knockout affected nymph development and eclosion. The findings revealed that DcCHSA was critical for the eclosion and molting of D. citri nymphs. This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for D. citri management in China. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is the vector of HLB and one of the most common pests in citrus orchards in southern China. One of the most significant genes in D. citri's growth and development is the chitin synthase gene. In this study, the CHS gene (DcCHSA) of D. citri was cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics. According to RT-qPCR findings, DcCHSA was expressed at many growth processes of D. citri, with the greatest influence in the fifth-instar nymph. The molting failure rate and mortality of D. citri rose as DFB concentration increased in this research, as did the expression level of DcCHSA. Feeding on DcCHSA caused a large drop in target gene expression, affected nymph molting, caused failure or even death in freshly eclosion adults, increased mortality, and reduced the molting success rate over time. These findings showed that DcCHSA was involved in nymph to adult development and may aid in the identification of molecular targets for D. citri regulation. It provided new ideas for further control of D. citri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweeds are important to marine ecosystems through biogeochemical processes. Laver are the most widely farmed seaweeds with the largest culture area in China. This study analyzes the water quality characteristics in a large-scale laver culture area (Taoluo) by comparing a small-scale laver culture area and non-culture areas, thereby assessing the changes in water quality due to large-scale laver cultivation. Particulate organic carbon and/or dissolved organic carbon decreased while the total suspended solid increased seasonally or with the distance from the coast. The concentrations of total nitrogen as well as dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were generally higher near the shore and decreased seasonally in Taoluo. Substantial spatial variation in nutrient parameters between culture and non-culture sites was observed. Moreover, significant variations between culture and non-culture sites on a spatio-temporal scale were mostly observed in December compared with September and October. Furthermore, more clusters were found in December based on the water quality characteristics in various sampling sites using a hierarchical clustering analysis. These results suggested that more spatial deviation in water quality parameters between culture and non-culture sites were found in December; thus it can be hypothesized that the changes in water quality due to large-scale cultivation for laver was likely to occur in northern China in winter, i.e., the period of best growth status for the cold-temperate species of laver (e.g., Neopyropia yezoensis). We hope that this study can help to further understand the effects of seaweed farming on marine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, there are about a thousand million tons of waste serpentine tailings (WSTs) that cause serious environmental problems. So it is urgent to treat WSTs. In this work, the MgO in WSTs was extracted to synthetize a high value-added Mg(II)Al(III) layered double hydroxide (LDH) by an alkali fusion process, and the purified SiO2 can be obtained by the precipitation of Na2SiO3. The results indicated that the MgO extraction rate increased with the increase of Na2CO3 content and calcination temperature. The serpentine structure was destroyed and the MgO extraction rate increased rapidly to reach 91.4% when the temperature reached 750°C and the ratio of WSTs and Na2CO3 was 1:2. However, when the temperature was over 800°C, the serpentine completely transformed into forsterite with higher crystal strength, which was difficult to react with Na2CO3. The Mg-Al-LDH synthesis was carried out using a chemical precipitation method. It was not conducive to synthesis of Mg-Al-LDHs for using the rich magnesium solution that was obtained under low MgO extraction rate. The structure and surface morphology of the LDHs were characterized by an X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the Mg(II)Al(III)LDHs property of adsorbing Pb and P was investigated. The removal rate of Pb could reach about 99% and there was good adsorption capacity for P. This indicates that it is possible to synthetize high value-added Mg(II)Al(III) LDH by WSTs that could be recycled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robust quantification of pressure (P)–temperature (T) paths for subduction‐related HP/UHP metamorphic rocks is fundamental in recognizing spatial changes in both the depth of detachment from the down‐going plate and the thermal evolution of convergent margin sutures in orogenic belts. Although the Chinese southwestern (SW) Tianshan is a well‐known example of an accretionary metamorphic belt in which HP/UHP metabasites occur in voluminous host metasedimentary schists, information about the P–T evolution of these rocks in the eastern segment is limited, precluding a full understanding of the development of the belt as a whole. In this study at Kekesu in the eastern segment of the SW Tianshan, we use microstructural evidence and phase equilibrium modelling to quantify the peak and retrograde P–T conditions from two lawsonite‐bearing micaschists and an enclosed garnet–epidote blueschist; for two of the samples we also constrain the late prograde P–T path. In the two micaschist samples, relics of prograde lawsonite are preserved in quartz inclusions in garnet, whereas in the metabasite, polymineralic aggregates included in garnet are interpreted as pseudomorphs after lawsonite. For garnet micaschist TK21, which is mainly composed of garnet, phengite/paragonite, albite, chlorite, quartz and relict lawsonite, with accessary rutile, titanite and ilmenite, the maximum P–T conditions for the peak stage are 18.0–19.0 kbar at 480–485°C. During initial exhumation, the retrograde P–T path passed through metamorphic conditions of 15.0–17.0 kbar at 460–500°C. For garnet–glaucophane micaschist TK33, which is mainly composed of garnet, glaucophane, phengite/paragonite, albite, chlorite, quartz, relict lawsonite and minor epidote, with accessary titanite, apatite, ilmenite and zircon, the maximum P conditions for the peak stage are >24.0 kbar at 400–500°C. During exhumation, the P–T path passed through metamorphic conditions of 17.5–18.5 kbar at 485–495°C and 14.0–17.5 kbar at 460–500°C. For garnet–epidote blueschist TK37, which is mainly composed of garnet, glaucophane, epidote, phengite, chlorite, albite and quartz, with accessary titanite, apatite, ilmenite, zircon and calcite, the prograde evolution passed through metamorphic conditions of ~20.0 kbar at ~445°C to Pmax conditions of ~21.5 kbar at 450–460°C and Tmax conditions of 19.5–21.0 kbar at 490–520°C. During exhumation, the rock passed through metamorphic conditions of 17.5–19.0 kbar at 475–500°C, before recording P–T conditions of <17.5 kbar at <500°C. These results demonstrate that maximum recorded pressures for individual samples vary by as much as 6 kbar in the eastern segment of the SW Tianshan, which may suggest exhumation from different depths in the subduction channel. Furthermore, the three samples record similar P–T paths from ~17.0 to 15.0 kbar, which suggests they were juxtaposed at a similar depth along the subduction interface. We compare our new results with published information from eclogites in the same area before considering the wider implications of these data for the orogenic development of the belt as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐pressure (HP) granulites provide telling records of mineral reactions at upper mantle to lower crustal levels and key information on the fate of material in subduction systems. The latter especially applies when they abut eclogite and mantle dunite because such rock associations are crucial for understanding the incompletely known processes at the interface of converging plates. A continental arc, active c. 520–395 Ma ago, formed an enigmatic example of such a rock association in the Songshugou area, Qinling Orogen. To unravel the juxtaposition of the distinct rocks, this study combines petrography, phase equilibria modelling, conventional thermobarometry, and zircon U–Th–Pb–Ti–REE analysis. Two mafic HP granulites, which contain the mineral assemblages garnet–clinopyroxene–plagioclase–rutile–mesoperthite–quartz and garnet–clinopyroxene–plagioclase–rutile, experienced peak metamorphic conditions of ≤1.4 GPa, 860°C and ~1.3 GPa, ≥910°C, respectively. During decompression and cooling, at 489 ± 4 Ma, amphibole lamellae unmixed from a clinopyroxene solid solution and orthopyroxene in part replaced garnet. A felsic HP granulite shows equilibration of garnet, perthite, antiperthite, kyanite, quartz, and rutile at 810–860°C, ~1.2 GPa, sillimanite growth during decompression, and upper amphibolite facies cooling at 510 ± 4 Ma. Though the thermobarometric data are just within the methodological errors, the U/Pb zircon ages imply the HP granulites did not evolve coherently. The HP granulites either represent foundered lower arc crust or originated from subduction erosion because their geochemistry is indistinguishable from that of the hanging‐wall plate. Published and new pressure–temperature–time–deformation paths converge at ~710°C, ~0.9 GPa, and ≲470 Ma, implying exhumation tectonics juxtaposed the HP granulites with a mélange of eclogite and mantle dunite at lower crustal levels. This study highlights that lower arc crust can comprise material of diverse evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new detrital zircon U–Pb chronological and whole‐rock geochemical data for the newly discovered black rock units in West Kunlun Orogen in an attempt to constrain the provenance variations of the siliciclastic rocks and the tectonic history of NW China. Geochemical data indicate these black rock units could have formed in an active continental margin to continental arc setting during the Late Ordovician and source rocks could have undergone modest chemical weathering under a relatively warm and humid climate during the deposition of the black rock units. U–Pb dating of 170 detrital zircons defines five major age populations at 459–545 Ma, 710–900 Ma, 1,300–900 Ma, 1,814–1,641 Ma, and 2,153–2,845 Ma, demonstrating that the black rock units deposited during the Late Ordovician and the tectonic events that occurred in the West Kunlun Orogen were related to the assembly and breakup of the supercontinents of Columbia and Rodinia. Prevalence of Early Palaeozoic magmatic zircons further indicates the black rock units were derived from a proximal source, most likely from the South Kunlun arc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yushugou granulite-peridotite complex, located at the east part of the northern margin of South Tianshan, may represent an ophiolitic slice subducted to 40–50 km depth with high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism. Although a lot of studies have been conducted on rocks in this belt, the rock association and tectonic background of the ophiolitic slice are still in dispute. A detailed study on petrology, phase equilibrium modeling and U-Pb zircon ages have been performed on the metagabbro vein in peridotite unit to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Yushugou granulite-peridotite complex. Three stages of mineral assemblage in the metagabbro were defined as stage I: CpxA+OpxA+PlA, which represents the original minerals of the metagabbro vein; stage II: CpxB+OpxB+PlB+Spl, which represents the mineral assemblage of granulite facies metamorphism with peak P-T conditions of 4.2–6.9 kbar and 940–1 070 °C; stage III is characterized by the existence of prehnite, thomsonite and amphibole in the matrix, indicating that the metagabbro vein may be influenced by fluids during retrograde metamorphism. Combined with the crosscut relationship, it can be deduced that the metagabbro vein, together with the peridotite in Yushugou granulite-peridotite complex has experienced similar high-temperature granulite facies metamorphism. The zircon chronological data shows that the protolith age of the metagabbro vein is 400.5±6.2 Ma, reflecting Devonian magmatism event and the granulite facies metamorphism occurred at ~270 Ma which may be related to the post-collisional magmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been widely reported that gestational exposure to fine particulate matters (PM 2.5) is associated with a series of adverse birth outcomes. However, the discrepancy between ambient PM 2.5 concentrations and personal PM 2.5 exposure would significantly affect the estimation of exposure-response relationship. Our study aimed to predict gestational personal exposure to PM 2.5 from the satellite-driven ambient concentrations and analyze the influence of other potential determinants. We collected 762 72-h personal exposure samples from a panel of 329 pregnant women in Shanghai, China as well as their time-activity patterns from Feb 2017 to Jun 2018. We established an ambient PM 2.5 model based on MAIAC AOD at 1 km resolution, then used its output as a major predictor to develop a personal exposure model. Our ambient PM 2.5 model yielded a cross-validation R2 of 0.96. Personal PM 2.5 exposure levels were almost identical to the corresponding ambient concentrations. After adjusting for time-activity patterns and meteorological factors, our personal exposure has a CV R2 of 0.76. We established a prediction model for gestational personal exposure to PM 2.5 from satellite-based ambient concentrations and provided a methodological reference for further epidemiological studies. • Gestational personal exposure to PM 2.5 is predictable with novel machine learning approaches. • Satellite-driven ambient PM 2.5 concentrations is the dominant predictor and major contributor of personal exposure in Shanghai. • Meteorological factors, socio-demographic status and time-activity patterns are also useful in predicting personal PM 2.5 exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compositionally and texturally zoned diabase dykes and sills occur in the outer zone of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) in the southern Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Based on the detailed petrology, whole rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes and clinopyroxene mineral compositions studies, we investigate a representative diabase sill in the Luodian region with a view to understanding its petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Formed as composite zoned sub-volcanic intrusion, the diabase sill is characterized by gabbros and diabases in the inner zone and amygdaloidal diabases sporadically in the chilled zone within the upper sill margin. The diabasic and gabbroic rocks are composed of quartz-free and quartz-bearing groups. The quartz-free group rocks have low SiO2 (45.7 wt.%–49.5 wt.%), moderate MgO (5.66 wt.%–7.88 wt.%), high TiO2 (2.54 wt.%–3.65 wt.%), and Ti/Y values (536–747), corresponding to high-Ti type rocks. The quartz-bearing group rocks have higher SiO2 (49.8 wt.%–51.7 wt.%) and lower MgO (4.23 wt.%–4.74 wt.%), higher TiO2 (3.16 wt.%–3.63 wt.%), but lower Ti/Y values (399–419) than the quartz-free group ones, and thus belong to the low-Ti type. Both groups of rocks are enriched in LREE and LILE with negative Nb-Ta anomalies, and show broad tholeiitic affinity. The precursor magma of the high-Ti rocks might have originated from a source composed of mantle plume and subcontinental lithosphere mantle components, with minor crustal contamination during ascending. The magma of the low-Ti rocks was produced by mingling of the high-Ti diabasic rocks with minor injected intermediate-acidic magma plugs or blebs, suggesting magma mingling as one of the effective ways to change the high-Ti to low-Ti rocks of the ELIP. The diabasic sill underwent a rapid cooling event probably in response to a rapid tectonic uplift event, which probably occurred in the waning stage of ELIP during transition between the Middle and Late Permian after the domal uplift induced by the mantle-plume or in the Late Jurassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The P–T regime of 6.8–8.0 kbar and 320–380 °C was constrained for the Aksu blueschist based on the phase equilibria modeling first. • An apparent thermal gradient of ∼470 °C/GPa was calculated for the peak stage. • The ages of blueschist facies metamorphism were limited to 750–805 Ma. The first occurrence of blueschist in the Neoproterozoic signifies a transition in thermal regime from a warmer Archean–Proterozoic Earth to modern colder subduction characterized by blueschist facies or ultrahigh pressure metamorphism. To evaluate the thermal regime of the transition, we apply phase equilibrium modeling to the Aksu blueschist in northwestern China to constrain the pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions of the peak mineral assemblages and to calculate the thermal regime recorded by the blueschist. Phase equilibrium modeling in the Na 2 O–CaO–K 2 O–FeO–MgO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –H 2 O–O system indicates that the peak mineral assemblage (glaucophane/riebeckite + epidote + phengite + albite + quartz + chlorite) was developed at P–T conditions of 6.8–8.7 kbar and 320–410 °C for a stilpnomelane-bearing epidote blueschist (AK04) and of 6.5–8.0 kbar and 310–380 °C for an epidote blueschist (AK06). These P–T data define an apparent thermal gradient of ∼470 °C/GPa for the peak stage which is typical of the high-pressure intermediate type metamorphic facies series. In addition, we present new LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages from detrital zircons from two blueschists (AK04 and AK06) and SHRIMP U–Pb ages from zircon from a cross-cutting post-metamorphic mafic dyke (AK134) to constrain the age of the metamorphism. The youngest concordant detrital zircon ages give a maximum depositional age for the blueschist protoliths of 806 ± 10 (AK04) and 803 ± 10 Ma (AK06), respectively, and the SHRIMP U–Pb ages of zircons from the mafic dyke yields a weighted mean age of 769 ± 19 Ma interpreted to date crystallization. These results constrain the age of Aksu blueschist facies metamorphism to between 769 ± 19 and c. 805 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baer ophiolitic massif is located in the northern sub-belt of the western segment of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) and mainly consists of a lherzolite-dominant mantle suite, dolerite intrusions and limited crustal outcrops. The dolerites show sub-ophitic texture and light rare earth element-depleted chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns similar to normal-mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB); though, they display enrichments in fluid-mobile elements (Rb, Ba, and Sr) and marked depletions in Th and Nb. The U–Pb ages of several magmatic zircon grains recovered from two dolerite samples indicate that the intrusion of the dikes into the Baer lherzolitic mantle occurred at 125.6–126.3 Ma, consistent with the widespread mafic magmatism between 120 and 130 Ma in the Yarlung Zangbo ophiolites. The dolerites have slightly more radiogenic87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7043–0.7054) in comparison to N-MORB, whereas they show143Nd/144Nd values (0.513067–0.513114) similar to N-MORB and high zircon Hf-isotope compositions. They have a limited range of Nd-isotope (εNd(t) values: +8.2 to +9.1) and juvenile Hf-isotope compositions (εHf(t) values: +8.4 to +14.2 and +10.0 to +15.1) indicating derivation from mantle melts. The moderate spread in theεHf(t) values of zircons indicates derivation of the dolerites parental magma from a weakly contaminated spinel-bearing mantle source. This is also corroborated by the geochemical signatures of the Baer dolerites (enrichment in LILE and depletion in HFSE) suggesting minor slab input to the mantle source of the dike-filling melt. We suggest that the genesis of the dolerite dike-forming melt happened at a stage of subduction initiation in a sub-oceanic mantle domain mildly affected by fluids emanating from the downgoing slab. Our data combined with literature data allow us to presume that the intrusion of the dolerites into the Baer mantle corresponds to an early phase of subduction initiation beneath a developing forearc basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in the surface sediments collected in August 2015 in Sanggou Bay, China. The total concentrations of 13 PBDEs, including BDE-17, -28, -47, -66, -71, -85, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and -190, and concentrations of BDE-209 were 0.223–1.259 ng/g and 0.865–9.275 ng/g, respectively. The PBDE levels increased from the outer bay to the inner bay. BDE-209 was the predominant congener, followed by BDE-47, BDE-71, and BDE-99. Significant positive correlations were observed for tri-BDEs with organic carbon ( r = 0.598, p < 0.05) and with clay content ( r = 0.592, p < 0.05). Principal component analysis revealed that PBDEs in Sanggou Bay were mainly derived from the usage, dismantling and degradation of commercial products (penta-, octa-, and deca-BDEs), which were then transported through continental runoff and atmospheric deposition. The ecological risks were mainly attributed to deca-BDE congeners with moderate risk level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine heat flow is of great significance for the formation and occurrence of seabed oil, gas and gas hydrate resources. Geothermal gradient is an important parameter in determining the thickness of the hydrate stability zone. The northern slope of the South China Sea is rich in gas hydrate resources. Several borehole drilling attempts were successful in finding hydrates in the Shenhu area, while others were not. The failures demand further study on the distribution regularities of heat flow and its controlling effects on hydrate occurrence. In this study, forty-eight heat flow measurements are analyzed in the Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area, located in the northern South China Sea, together with their relationship to topography, sedimentary environment and tectonic setting. Canyons are well developed in the study area, caused mainly by the development of faults, faster sediment supply and slumping of the Pearl River Estuary since the late Miocene in the northern South China Sea. The heat flow values in grooves, occurring always in fault zones, are higher than those of ridges. Additionally, the heat flow values gradually increase from the inner fan, to the middle fan, to the external fan subfacies. The locations with low heat flow such as ridges, locations away from faults and the middle fan subfacies, are more conducive to gas hydrate occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permian porphyritic granite and leucogranite from the Kekesu and Muzhaerte Valleys in the southwestern (SW) Tianshan orogenic belt, NW China have been studied to decipher their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. For porphyritic granite in the Kekesu Valley, in situ LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb dating yields crystallization ages of 295–291 Ma. The granite is a high potassic calc-alkaline, slightly peraluminous type, enriched in large ion lithosphere elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE), but depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE). Zircon Hf isotopic analysis (zircon ε Hf (t) of −5.8 to −0.2, two-stage Hf model ages of 1323–1680 Ma) and Ti-in-zircon thermometry, which yields crystallization temperatures of 744–749 °C, indicate the parent magma was likely formed by partial melting of a Mesoproterozoic crustal source. By contrast, leucogranite in the Kekesu valley yields crystallization ages of 274–267 Ma. It contains muscovite and garnet, has high silicon and potassium, and is strongly peraluminous. Multiple inherited zircon cores and low zircon crystallization temperatures (687–701 °C), combined with negative zircon ε Hf (t) values (−7.0 to −4.0), indicate its parent magma was sourced from supracrustal metasedimentary rocks by muscovite–breakdown partial melting. In the Muzhaerte Valley, porphyritic granite has similar major and trace elements characteristics to the Kekesu porphyritic granite. However, its higher zircon ε Hf (t) values (−0.9 to +3.8) and corresponding lower two-stage Hf model ages (1070–1367 Ma) indicate that the parent magma likely included an input from a more juvenile mantle source. Ti-in-zircon thermometry gives lower crystallization temperature of ∼705 °C. The intrusive relationships between the Permian granitoids and Paleozoic arc plutons, and the LP-HT and (U)HP metamorphic belts, combined with geochronological studies, suggest that these Permian granitoids were generated in a post-collisional environment. It is suggested that the formation of the porphyritic granites in the Kekesu and Muzhaerte Valleys could be related to slab breakoff, while the leucogranite could be formed by hydrate-breakdown melting in an extensional tectonic regime in response to intra-continental adjustments after collision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Erosion reduced soil bacterial alpha diversity and network complexity, while deposition increased them. • Erosion and deposition both caused the decrease of fungal alpha diversity and network complexity. • There were higher alpha diversity and the network complexity of bacteria and fungi at high SOC level. • SOC level regulated the bacterial and fungal community structure. Soil erosion and deposition are general ecological processes that have been widely described in terms of their effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil. However, their effects on soil microbes remain unclear, especially how microbial communities respond to erosion–deposition in soils with different organic carbon levels. A long-term field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of erosion and deposition on soil microbial communities across full slopes with different organic carbon levels on the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed that erosion reduced soil bacterial alpha diversity, weakened bacterial network complexity while deposition increased bacterial alpha diversity, and enhanced the complexity of the bacterial network. However, both erosion and deposition caused a decrease in fungal alpha diversity and network complexity. There was a weak reverse cooperative covariation relationship between bacterial and fungal alpha diversity. There was a higher bacterial and fungal diversity at the eroded and depositional sites with high soil organic carbon (SOC) level than low and medium SOC levels. An increase in the SOC level effectively strengthened the network complexity of bacteria and fungi at the eroded and depositional sites.. Erosion-deposition and SOC levels significantly increased variation in bacterial community structure. In contrast, the fungal community structure only differed at the eroded and depositional sites at high SOC levels. The key factors driving variation in bacterial community structure in soil properties were not significantly affected by SOC levels. Conversely, key factors resulting in differences in fungal community structure were regulated by the SOC level. Our results demonstrate that erosion–deposition reconstruct the bacterial community and weakens the fungal community, organic carbon regulate soil microbial communities and functions by controlling earth surface processes induced by erosion–deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study is to determine the outcome and infection-related events in neonates with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) managed with an antibiotic initiation strategy. An ambispective cohort study was carried out to compare two different antibiotic strategies in of TTN patients. The first strategy is based on clinical risk evaluation, in which antibiotics are initiated according to clinical signs, while the other is a combined strategy that integrates information regarding clinical signs, perinatal risk factors, and lab-based surveillance of infectious indicators. The antibiotic use in the combined strategy group (n = 716) was lower than that of the control group (n = 769) (35.06 vs 54.75 %, P < 0.01). Outcomes including total duration of antibiotic therapy (5.45 ± 4.17 vs 5.18 ± 3.45 days, P = 0.36), mortality (0 vs 0), length of hospital stay (7.78 ± 4.20 vs 8.14 ± 3.62 days, P = 0.07), and hospital readmission (4.89 vs 4.94 %, P = 0.94) did not differ; nor did infection-related events such as nosocomial infection (2.93 vs 2.99 %, P = 0.95), infectious pneumonia (18.30 vs 19.90 %, P = 0.43), septicemia (1.96 vs 1.95 %, P = 0.99), and necrotizing enterocolitis (0.14 vs 0.26 %).Conclusion: The combined strategy effectively reduces antibiotic usage during incidences of TTN with no negative impact on the clinical outcome.What Is Known: • TTN is easy to be confused with infection only based on clinical signs. • Many TTN patients had been treated with unnecessary antibiotics.What Is New: • Our combined strategy for TTN can reduce antibiotics usage. • New strategy did not increase the incidence of infection and adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eclogites and omphacite-bearing blueschists have been newly found in the eastern segment of the southwest Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwest China. After detailed petrological study, three samples including one fresh eclogite TK003, one blueschist sample TK026-8 and one retrograded eclogite TK027, were selected for phase equilibrium modeling under NC(K)MnFMASHO (NO-CaO-KO-MnO-FeO-MgO-AlO-SiO-HO-O) system, by thermocalc 3.33 software. Composition analyses of garnets in these three samples show typical growth zoning with Xpy and Xgrs increasing, Xspss decreasing from core to rim. Pseudosection modeling of the garnet zonation reflects that the eclogites and blueschist experienced a similar P-T evolution trajectory, with a near iso-baric heating in the early stage, and reached eclogite facies metamorphic field with peak P-T regime of 480-515°C, 2.00-2.30 GPa. Subsequently the rocks experienced an early iso-thermal decompression retrograde stage with P-T conditions of 515-519°C, 1.78-1.93 GPa. Variations of mineralogy and modes of these rocks are probably due to different retrograde paths as a consequence of different bulk-rock composition, as well as a variation in fluid activity during exhumation. P- T calculation and a peak geothermal gradient of 6-7°C/km indicate HP rocks in the Kekesu Valley experienced cold subducted eclogite facies metamorphism. Thus a huge oceanic subduction eclogite facies metamorphic belt in southwest Tianshan has been recognized, extending from the Kekesu Valley in the east to the Muzhaerte Valley in the west for nearly 200 km. However, UHP evidence has not been found in the Kekesu terrane, perhaps because the slab in east part of southwest Tianshan did not subduct into such a great depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depleted gas storage is characterized by low formation pressure, long operational cycle and large quantity of injection and production, which requires higher quality of drilling and cementing. Based on the geologic feature and design requirement of gas storage Well Wen23, and taking the reservoir protection, cementing quality and salt formation interval into account, the paper made the optimization of well profile, casing string, cementing, drilling fluid system and reservoir protection, and formed the drilling engineering design of Well Wen23. It provided a technical reference for drilling design of depleted gas storage of low pressure and low permeability reservoir in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of late tectonic activities were studied in this paper through the field geological investigation in Wuhu area. Combining with the analysis of the regional tectonic evolution, the authors propose that the later tectonic activities which had important influence on the Paleozoic strata are divided into compressive nappe structure at Indo-China period and extensional structure at Yanshan and Himalayan period. Furthermore, the study reveals the tectonic migration regularity and that the shale gas preservation of Paleozoic strata in Wuhu area was less affected by the thrust nappe tectonics of Indo-Chinese movement, while dominated by the extension tectonics of Yanshan and Himalayan movement. This cognition about the influence of late tectonic activities should be considered in the exploration of shale gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenian pyrite in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou, China, is the major host for gold with 300 to 4,000 ppm Au and 0.65 to 14.1 wt.% As. Electron miroprobe data show a negative correlation of As and S in arsenian pyrite, which is consistent with the substitution of As for S in the pyrite structure. The relatively homogeneous distribution of gold in arsenian pyrite and a positive correlation of As and Au, with Au/As ratios below the solubility limit of gold in arsenian pyrite, suggest that invisible gold is likely present as Au in a structurally bound Au complex in arsenian pyrite. Geochemical modeling using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of fluid inclusions for the major ore forming stage shows that the dominant Au species were Au(HS) (77%) and AuHS (23%). Gold-hydroxyl and Gold-chloride complexes were negligible. The ore fluid was undersaturated with respect to native Au, with a saturation index of −3.8. The predominant As species was HAsO. Pyrite in the Shuiyindong deposit shows chemical zonation with rims richer in As and Au than cores, reflecting the chemical evolution of the ore-bearing fluids. The early ore fluids had relatively high activities of As and Au, to deposit unzoned and zoned arsenian pyrite that host most gold in the deposit. The ore fluids then became depleted in Au and As and formed As-poor pyrite overgrowth rims on gold-bearing arsenian pyrite. Arsenopyrite overgrowth aggregates on arsenian pyrite indicate a late fluid with relatively high activity of As. The lack of evidence of boiling and the low iron content of fluid inclusions in quartz, suggest that iron in arsenian pyrite was most likely derived from dissolution of ferroan minerals in the host rocks, with sulfidation of the dissolved iron by HS-rich ore fluids being the most important mechanism of gold deposition in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Energy is a kind of resource which can be used directly or offer people what they need by some conversions, the development of energy is the headspring of economic growth With the development of our national economy, new energy industry has become China''s current vigorously the mainstream of development The analysis on influence of tax policy on the development of national new energy industry is mainly discussed, as well as the alternative analysis on the production output and sales tax aspects in the areas of new energy, and based on this, some tax policy suggestions on how to promote the development of national new energy industry are given finally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Acarus siro L., a common acaroid mite in China, is one of the main pest mites damaging the stored products, economic crops and edible fungi. The mite is widely studied due to its economic importance. In this paper, the genetic structure and genetic diversity of A. siro in four geographic populations were studied by using ISSR marker. 18 primers were selected for their ability to produce clear and reproducible patterns of polymorphic bands. Those primers were then used for analysing genetic diversity within and among populations of A. siro collected in Nanchang city, Jiujiang city in Jiangxi province and Hefei city, Caohu city in Anhui province (NC, JJ, HF, CH). A total of 136 DNA bands were yielded, 107 of which were polymorphic and PPB was 78.68%. The levels of genetic diversity of four population could be ordered in abundance as JJ> NC> HF> CH and the JJ population was the highest level. The value of Gst was 0.6283, indicating high level of genetic differentiation among populations. Nei''s genetic diversity analysis showed that the level of gene flow (Nm=0.3717) was lower than that among populations (Nm=0.29). Dendrogram constructed using the UPMGA method and Nei''s unbias genetic distance showed the same location could be clustered together to form a specific clade. Geographic difference caused great differentiation. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the genetic distance and geographic distance, indicating that geographic isolation was not the main factors inducing genetic difference. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Pulan-Xiangquanhe ophiolite in the western Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone of Tibet is investigated for its geochemistry, geochronology, and tectonic implications in detail. Sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe zircon U-Pb dating reveals that diabases in the ophiolite from the three locations of Xugugab, Mapam Yum Co and La'nga Co are dated at 122.3 ± 2.5 Ma, 118.8 ± 1.8 Ma and 120.5 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively. These early Cretaceous mafic rocks have Na2O+K2O, rare earth element patterns, trace elemental spider diagram and other geochemical fingerprints of typical mature back-arc basin affinity. Therefore, the Pulan-Xiangquanhe ophiolite formed under a mature back-arc basin environment, which was a product of this intra-oceanic subduction system. A suprasubduction system could have existed in the southern margin of Eurasia, which involved both intra-oceanic and continent-ward subductions. Extension dominated the southern margin of the Eurasian continent during the early Cretaceous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 200-209 This study determined the prevalence of children's dental behaviour management problems (BMP) in our clinic, investigated the influence of non-dental and dental background variables on BMP, and analysed the predictive power of these variables. The study group included 209 children aged 2-8 years who received dental treatment. Interviews were conducted with accompanying guardians. Children's dental behaviour was rated by a modified Venham's clinical anxiety scale and a cooperative behaviour rating scale. Regression models were used to analyse behavioural and interview data and to calculate the power of background variables to predict children's dental behaviour. During the first treatment, 29.7% of children displayed BMP. Four variables were found to predict BMP in 87.9% of cases. The risk factors for BMP were younger age, negative guardian expectations of the child's behaviour during treatment, anxiety or shyness around strangers, and presence of toothache. Children aged 2.5-3.5 years who attended kindergarten showed better dental behaviour than those who did not. This study is the first to report BMP prevalence in mainland China. Our results indicate that a simple pre-treatment interview could provide data allowing the dentist to identify children with special dental behavioural needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Junan granulite xenoliths and xenocrysts have a distinct overlap in U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopic compositions with the Precambrian basement of the Yangtze craton. We thus believe that the Junan granulite cannot be derived from the North China lower crust. Moreover, broad deep seismic and magnetotelluric probing across the Sulu UHP terrane indicates the former is well coupled with the lower crust of the Yangtze craton. Therefore, we suggest that the Junan granulites are most likely to have been derived from the Yangtze Precambrian basement and their zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotope systematics are more likely to indicate the complex evolution of the Precambrian lower crust along the northern margin of the Yangtze craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this paper, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of B. hearseyi was sequenced using long-PCR and primer-walking methods. The results indicated that the mitogenome is a typical circular molecule that is composed of 15,442 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that B. hearseyi is clustered into Brahmaeidae, and the phylogenetic relationships are (Brahmaeidae + Lasiocampidae) + (Bombycidae + (Sphingidae + Saturniidae)). This study provides the first mitogenomic resources for the Brahmaeidae. Background: Brahmophthalma hearseyi (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae) is widely distributed across China. Its larvae damage the leaves of many plants such as those belonging to the Oleaceae family, causing significant economic losses and seriously affecting the survival and reproduction of Cervus nippon; however, genetic data for this species are scarce. Methods: The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of B. hearseyi was sequenced using long-PCR and primer-walking methods. Phylogenetic analysis that was based on 13 PCGs and two rRNAs was carried out using the neighbor-joining and Bayesian interference methods. Results: The mitogenome is a typical circular molecule that is made up of 15,442 bp, which includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and an A + T-rich region (456 bp). All of the PCGs, except for COX1 and COX2, start with ATN codons. COX2 and ND5 use the incomplete termination codon T, and 11 other PCGs use the typical stop codon TAA. All tRNA genes, except for trnS1 and trnS2, display a typical cloverleaf structure; trnS1 lacks the "DHU" arm, whereas trnS2 exhibits two mismatched base pairs in the anticodon stem. Phylogenetic analysis showed that B. hearseyi is clustered into Brahmaeidae, and the phylogenetic relationships are (Brahmaeidae + Lasiocampidae) + (Bombycidae + (Sphingidae + Saturniidae)). Conclusions: This study provides the first mitogenomic resources for the Brahmaeidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cretaceous and Tertiary clastic sedimentary rocks from the Nanxiong Basin, South China have been analyzed to constrain their provenance, depositional climate and environment. Evidence from discrimination diagrams for sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting show that the Nanxiong Basin sediments were derived from typical continental sources. Geochemical signatures (e.g. Eu/Eu⁎, Th/Ti, La/Ti, Ta/Ti, Yb/Ti and Y/Ti ratios of the claystone) are nearly constant, suggesting the provenance of the Nanxiong Basin remained similar throughout the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene (83–56 Ma). In contrast Rb/Ti, Cs/Ti ratios and TOC and CaCO3 concentrations require an obvious change in climate across the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene boundary. Singularly higher CaCO3 contents and lower TOC values and Rb/Ti, Cs/Ti ratios in the Late Cretaceous indicate that a long period extreme dry climate occurred at that time in South China. Rb/Ti, Cs/Ti ratios and TOC values escalated and CaCO3 contents decreased in the Early Paleocene suggesting that the climate became relatively wet, which resulted in greater vegetation cover. The lasting extreme dry climate in the Late Cretaceous may provide a clue to the extinction of the dinosaurs in the Nanxiong Basin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group occur widely in the southern part of the North China Craton, which mark the beginning of the cover in the southern part of the North China Craton. The age of the volcanic rocks is thus crucial to understand the tectonic regime and evolutionary history of the North China Craton in the Proterozoic age. Zircons from five volcanic rocks and intrusions were dated by U-Pb SHRIMP method. The results indicate that the Xiong'er Group formed in 1.80–1.75 Ga of Paleo-Proterozoic. Since the Xiong'er Group formed earlier than the Changcheng System, the earliest rocks in the Changcheng System is therefore assumed to be formed in 1.75 Ga. A thermal-tectonic event of ca. 1.84 Ga is indicated by new zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages in the southern part of the North China Craton. The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group thus represent the initial magmatism of the Paleo-Proterozoic breakup of the North China Craton. Numerous inherited zircons in the volcanic rocks mainly formed in ∼2.20 Ga, indicating that the source magma of the volcanic rocks may be derived from the ∼2.20 Ga crust, or from a mantle magma with significant contamination of the ∼2.20 Ga crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkali-feldspar syenites from the Maomaogou area of Huili County in Panxi of Sichuan Province, SW China are sodium alkaline rocks, the minerals of which are mainly composed of calcic ferroaugite, ferroamphibole and biotite. Most of the zircons (>80%) selected for SHRIMP U-Pb dating are magmatic compound zircons and they have relict inner cores and growing outer shells. The age of zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating is 224±8 Ma, suggesting that the Maomaogou alkali-feldspar syenite was formed in the late Triassic period. At the same time, two old age periods of relict cores of zircon are determined, they are the Archean age (2692–2818 Ma) and Neoproterozoic age (622–691 Ma), respectively. These periods indicate that the cores derived from the crystal basement. Furthermore, the Archean age of zircon provides the first reliable SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating evidence of >2.8 Ga basement in the Xikang-Yunnan Axis of southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the Raka ophiolite located in Yarlung Zangbo region, Tibet, China. Geological structure of the ophiolite; Lithogeochemistry of the Raka ophiolitic ; Structural setting of the Raka ophiolite basalt lavas.

Microplastic pollution in marine environments has become a major global environmental issue. However, the source of microplastics in marine environments is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the distribution and the source of microplastics in surface seawater from Sanggou Bay, China. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics was 20.06 ± 4.73 items/L, which represented a medium and high level relative to other sea areas. Microplastics of <0.5 mm dominated. Most particles were granular and transparent, and polyethylene was the dominant polymer. We estimated that 62.76% of the microplastics originated from mariculture facilities, an indication that mariculture contributes significantly to microplastics pollution, and calculated that 96.15 kg was present in surface seawater of Sanggou Bay. Our findings indicated that more attention should be paid to mariculture-derived microplastics pollution in the future. Unlabelled Image • Microplastic pollution was at a medium and high level relative to other areas • Estimated 62.76% of microplastics derived from mariculture plastic facilities • Estimated microplastics inventory in surface seawater of Sanggou Bay was 96.15 kg • Mariculture-derived microplastic should be paid more attention to [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the marine environment has attracted considerable global attention. However, the colonization of microorganisms on mariculture-derived MPs and their effects on mariculture remain poorly understood. In this study, the MPs (fishing nets, foams and floats) and a natural substrate, within size ranges (1–4 mm), were then incubated for 21 days in Sungo Bay (China), and the composition and diversity of bacterial communities attached on all substrates were investigated. Results showed that bacterial communities on MPs mainly originated from their surrounding seawater and sediment, with an average contribution on total MPs adherent population of 47.91% and 37.33%, respectively. Principle coordinate analysis showed that community similarity between MPs and surrounding seawater decreased with exposure time. In addition, lower average bacterial community diversity and higher relative abundances of bacteria from the genera Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas on MPs than those in their surrounding seawater and sediments indicated that MPs might enrich potential pathogens and bacteria related with carbohydrate metabolism. They are responsible for the significant differences in KEGG Orthology pathways (infectious disease and carbohydrate metabolism) between MPs and seawater. The KO pathway (Infectious Diseases) associated with MPs was also significantly higher than those with feathers in the nearshore area. MPs might be vectors for enrichment of potentially pathogenic Vibrio , and enhance the ecological risk of MPs to mariculture industry. Image 1 • MPs promote the adhesion of resident bacterial communities in seawater and sediments. • MPs are prone to enrich bacteria belong to Vibrio , Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas. • Organic matter plays an important role in formation of bacterial communities on MPs. • Enrichment of potential pathogens on MPs implies higher infection risk to mariculture. Lower bacterial community diversity and higher relative abundances of bacteria from the genera Vibrio , Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas on MPs than those in surrounding seawater and sediments indicated the selectively enrichment of potential pathogens and bacteria related with carbohydrate metabolism on MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tarim Craton of NW China hosts abundant hydrocarbon resources within clastic reservoirs characterized by a complex entrapment and fill history. In this paper, we review the processes of hydrocarbon accumulation in typical clastic reservoirs from the literature, and combine this with new research from six hydrocarbon-bearing regions (the Yakela Faulted-Uplift, the southern slope of the Tabei Uplift, the Tazhong Uplift, the northern slope of the Tazhong Uplift, the southern margin of the Bachu Uplift, and volcanic reservoirs) to identify the key controls on hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in reservoirs of the Tarim Craton. Favorable reservoir–trap configurations exist on structural highs created during the evolution of paleo-uplifts and paleo-slopes in the region, with hydrocarbons accumulating in both structural (fault, salt dome, and thrust-fault anticline) and combined structural-primary stratigraphic traps. Vertical hydrocarbon migration occurred via deep–shallow superposed faults, and (rarely interpreted) fault textures in volcanic conduits. Unconformity surfaces and sand bodies provided pathways for both limited lateral redistribution and significant long-distance (>100 km) migration of hydrocarbons. The prospectivity of upper Paleozoic sandstone facies and paleogeography was controlled by denudation of the paleo-uplifts, and these reservoirs are most likely to host giant oil and gas fields in the region. • Differential hydrocarbon accumulation process of six clastic hydrocarbon abundance zones in Tarim Craton. • Favorable structural reservoir–trap configurations exist on structural highs created during the evolution of Paleo uplifts/slopes. • Vertical hydrocarbon migration occurred via deep–shallow superposed faults, and fault textures in volcanic conduits. • The prospectivity of upper Paleozoic sandstone facies and paleogeography was controlled by denudation of the paleo-uplifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics pose a threat to marine environments through their physical presence and as vectors of chemical pollutants. However, the impact of microplastics on the accumulation and human health risk of chemical pollutants in marine organisms remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in marine organisms from Sanggou Bay and analyzed their correlations. Results showed that microplastic and PAHs concentration ranged from 1.23 ± 0.23 to 5.77 ± 1.10 items/g, from 6.98 ± 0.45 to 15.07 ± 1.25 μg/kg, respectively. The microplastic abundance, particularly of fibers, transparent and color plastic debris, correlates strongly with PAH contents, indicating that microplastics increase the bioaccumulation of PAHs and microplastics with these characteristics have a significant vector effect on PAHs. Although consuming seafood from Sanggou Bay induce no carcinogenic risk from PAHs, the presence of microplastics in organisms can significantly increases incremental lifetime cancer risk of PAHs. Thus, microplastics can serve as transport vectors for PAHs with implications for the potential health risks to human through consumption. This study provides new insight into the risks of microplastics in marine environments. [Display omitted] • The microplastic and PAHs pollution in organisms from Sanggou Bay were investigated. • Notable correlation were observed between microplastic and PAHs contents in organisms. • The PAHs in organisms pose no cancer risk to humans based on the ILCR analysis. • The microplastic characteristics in organisms affect human health risks of PAHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The contribution of deep CO 2 flux on soil-atmosphere interface flux was about 1/4. • Soil moisture was the key limiting factor for the vertical difference of CO 2 flux. • Temperature sensitivity of CO 2 flux increased with depth increasing. • MBC had a weaker effect on CO 2 flux both in the deep and shallow layer. • Root stimulation was more likely to induce CO 2 emission in deep layers. Alterations in land use and vegetation cover cause CO 2 transfer not only to the soil surface but also across soil profiles. To explore the vertical diffusion characteristics of CO 2 in deep soil profiles and their driving factors, we calculated CO 2 flux and measured environmental factors in sections situated from 0 to 200 cm in Robinia pseudoacacia forests (Loess Hilly Region, China). The results found that (1) Deep soils (>80 cm) exhibited a stable contribution to the soil-atomosphere CO 2 flux, ranging from 21.81% to 24.42%. (2) The total CO 2 storage within deep layers accounted for 55.03–79.98% of the total storage in the layer at 0–200 cm. The stable storage of CO 2 at deep layers helped suppress the mineralization of organic carbon in deep soil; (3) Soil temperature, moisture, CO 2 concentration, aerated porosity, SOC content, bulk density, total porosity, root density, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), pH, and profile depth explained 86.0% and 89.1% of the variance in CO 2 flux at shallow and deep layers, respectively. Soil moisture was the key limiting factor for vertical differentiation of CO 2 fluxes in deep and shallow layers. The sensitivity of temperature and aerated porosity on CO 2 flux increased with soil depth increasing. While the soil microbial biomass carbon had a weaker effect on CO 2 flux both in the deep and shallow layers. Root stimulation was more likely to induce CO 2 emission in deep layers. However, increase of pH was more conducive to CO 2 fixation and flux reduction in deep layers. Our results help to further clarify the mechanisms of carbon emission in deep soil carbon pools, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific evaluation of soil carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As the largest output and export province of ceramic tiles in China, Guangdong has been faced with the contradictory problem that the ceramic tile industry brings both huge economic benefits and adverse environmental impacts. To promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the ceramic tile industry, the activity of “Cleaner Production Auditing for a Thousand Voluntary Industrial Enterprises” has been held since 2010 in Guangdong. This study presents a comprehensive application of cleaner production in a typical medium-scale ceramic tile plant, which has initially taken part in the cleaner production activity. On the basis of pre-auditing conducted in the selected plant, key auditing procedures and main objectives were determined. After the analysis of material balance and energy efficiency in key auditing procedures, 31 different measures, including facility replacement, technology improvement, process control, raw material and waste reutilization, plant management, and worker training, have been proposed and implemented in a feasible way. Through the cleaner production application, the plant achieved the expected objectives and obtained obvious progress in energy conservation and emission reduction. For each unit product, the consumption of energy and water were cut down by 4.3% and 22.33%, respectively. The SO2 emission per unit product was also reduced by 8% after the cleaner production. Although the cleaner production is a continuous process in this case, it provides a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable development of other ceramic tile production enterprises. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Zircon and apatite fission-track (FT) analyses were used to reveal the exhumation of Phanerozoic granitoid intrusions in the Dahinggan Mountains, northeastern China. Zircon FT ages ranging from 84±5 to 97±8Ma, and apatite FT ages from 47±3 to 67±4Ma with mean track lengths between 12.3±2.3 and 13.3±2.2μm, respectively, were obtained for the Phanerozoic granitoids sampled along a south–south-west to north–north-east transect across the Dahinggan Mountains. Three cooling stages from the Late Mesozoic to the Cenozoic have been identified in the studied region based on FT results and modeling. Stage one was a rapid cooling period from the closure temperature of zircon FT to the high temperature part of the apatite FT partial annealing zone (∼210–110°C) during ∼90–57Ma. Stage two was a relatively slow cooling period (∼110–60°C) occurred between ∼57Ma and 20Ma, suggesting that the granitoids had been exhumed to depths of ∼1–2km. The final stage was a cooling period (60–20°C) occurred since the Miocene, which bring studied samples to the Earth’s surface at an accelerated exhumation rate. The estimated maximum exhumation is ∼5km assuming a steady-state geothermal gradient of 35°C/km. Our results indicate that this exhumation is possibly led by the Pacific plate subduction combined with intracontinental orogeny associated with asthenospheric upwelling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Shuiyindong is one of the largest and highest grade, stratabound Carlin-type gold deposits in China. It is hosted in Permian bioclastic limestone near the axis of an anticline. Hydrothermal calcite is common on the periphery of central zones of ferroan carbonate dissolution that provided the main source of iron that was sulfidized during gold deposition. These calcite veins contain relatively high concentrations of rare earth elements with MREE-enriched patterns, and yield Sm-Nd isochron ages of 134±3 Ma to 136±3 Ma, with significant different initial εNd values of −12.9 and −2.0, respectively. These ages are interpreted to record age of decarbonation and gold deposition during the late stages of Yanshanian Orogeny. The initial Nd isotopic compositions of the calcites suggest that Nd was primarily derived from the Permian Longtang Formation that hosts all ore bodies at the deposit. This study shows that Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of hydrothermal calcites can be used to constrain the age and source of Nd in Carlin-type gold deposits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single grain U–Pb ages of sediments from the Beipiao Basin, Northeast China were conducted to determine the evolution of basin provenance. Zircons from a sandstone in the Upper Triassic Laohugou Formation yield a wide range of ages and, according to their U–Pb ages, fall into four groups: 209.3±4.0–304.2±4.9, 1565.5±71–2154±50, 2400±35–2499±9, 2512±11–2557±74Ma. These ages indicate that the zircons were principally derived from Late Archean, Proterozoic and Late Paleozoic plutonic rocks. Intrusions in the Mongolian Accretion Belt and the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) were probably the main source of the sediments in the basin, but the easterly Liaodong Block also provided minor detrital material, with lower U–Pb ages, during the Late Triassic. Most of the U–Pb ages from zircons collected from a sandstone in the Lower Jurassic Beipiao Formation range from 194.3±2.9 to 233.8±4.2Ma, reflecting the major sediment source during the Early Jurassic. Zircons derived from Late Indosinian plutonic rocks increased, which suggests that the detritus was supplied mainly from the interior of the Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt, especially from the Liaodong Block. Late Indosinian zircons (200–230Ma) were eroded and deposited in the Lower Jurassic Beipiao Formation, and this implies that intensive tectonic activation and uplift of the Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt in the Mesozoic commenced in the Late Indosinian. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Study on correlation between soil moisture and lake fluctuation in a RLB system. • Annual storage decreases due to lake shrinkage in the Poyang Lake region, China. • Soil moisture helps to regulate the decreasing water storage of lake shrinkage. • Lake stores more water before July, land holds increasing water after that. • Soil moisture shows "funnel" pattern in summer and "island" in other seasons. Lake fluctuations in river-lake-basin (RLB) systems are highly complex because of the significant interactions of various hydrological variables. Clarifying these interactions would be helpful for understanding the physical mechanisms of lake fluctuations and improving responses to extreme hydrological events (i.e., drought or flood). Though numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the flow between rivers and lakes (river-lake interaction), research on the hydrological processes between a lake and its surrounding basin (lake-basin interaction) remains rare. This study investigates lake-basin interactions by examining the changes in the water distribution between the land and a lake with an examination of the Poyang Lake region, China. Specifically, this study first estimates water storage by employing the water balance model. Then, the spatial and temporal correlations between the lake area and soil moisture are examined to capture the lake-land interaction. The results show that the region's annual water storage has decreased in recent decades and varies in different months. Specifically, more water in the region is stored in the lake before July, and increasing amounts of water are held on land after that. Spatially, soil moisture is low in the region near the lake in summer because of the high radiation of water reflectance, which enhances evapotranspiration. By contrast, soil moisture is high in other seasons because of the flow from top to bottom. It can be concluded that soil moisture could mitigate the change in water storage due to the shrinkage of Poyang Lake, which is characterized by significant spatial and temporal variabilities. The results of this study help elucidate the dynamics and distribution of water resources in similar RLB systems, support water management and promote local sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the complex biogeochemical processes and potential function of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in estuaries before it enters the sea, water samples were collected seasonally in a dozen Laizhou Bay estuaries and in the Yellow River estuary, North China. The results showed that chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) varied in abundance but had consistent spectral slopes at the same sampling time. Gradually, CDOM decreased while spectral slopes increased from freshwater to seawater. The spectral slope of CDOM varied temporally (higher in October and lower in August) more than it varied spatially. The fluorescent components and biological indices of CDOM indicated that in situ biological activities were the dominant sources in the waters examined in this study. The CDOM was generally more variable than the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in most of the estuaries. However, marine CDOM may obviously increase in estuaries when indirectly stimulated by rapidly decomposing terrestrial DOM. • CDOM varied in abundance versus similar spectral slope in same season. • Estuarine CDOM mostly local bio-origination flourished by terrestrial input. • Estuarine CDOM conversed much faster than DOC but depending on specific components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The levels and profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dissolved phase (DP) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in seawater of Sanggou Bay (SGB) in four seasons were determined. The distribution and potential sources of these compounds were analyzed, and the ecological risk was assessed. The total concentrations of 14 PBDEs (∑ 14 PBDE) in DP and SPM in the surface water ranged from 0.10 ng L −1 to 2.20 ng L −1 and from 0.51 ng L −1 to 6.15 ng L −1 , respectively. The highest value was obtained in August. The concentrations of ∑ 14 PBDE in the surface water were higher than those in the bottom water, and PBDEs were mainly partitioned into the SPM fraction. BDE209 was the most dominant PBDE congener, having average relative contributions of 86.5%–94.8% in DP and 40.5%–56.5% in SPM, followed by BDE47. The profiles of PBDEs in seawater of SGB were different from those of commercial PBDE products. The concentrations of ∑ 14 PBDE were higher in the inner bay than in the outer bay, suggesting that the terrestrial input and human activities affected the PBDE distribution in SGB. Results of nonparametric multidimensional scaling suggested that BDE209 and BDE47 were important congeners discriminating PBDE contamination in SGB. The potential sources of PBDEs in SGB included commercial PentaBDE and DecaBDE products from the land, the atmospheric transport of commercial OctaBDE, and the degradation of high brominated congeners. The ecological risks from PentaBDE and OctaBDE were low, and those from DecaBDE were moderate in seawater of SGB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mitochondrial genome is widely used for phylogenetic analyses and evolutionary biology. The complete mitochondrial genome of Thitarodes sejilaensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) was sequenced and analyzed in this study. This mitogenome is a typical circular molecule of 15,290 bp, with the gene content, orientation and order identical to other insects in the family Hepialidae. The genome nucleotide composition is heavily biased towards As and Ts, accounting for 80.87% of total nucleotide content. The major strand shows a positive AT-skew and negative GC-skew. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCG) are initiated by the canonical putative start codons ATN, except for COI and ND1 that use the initiation codons CGA and TTG, respectively. Nine PCGs share the complete termination codons TAA, while the remaining PCGs use an incomplete termination codon T. Additionally, the codon distribution and Relative Synonymous Codon Usage of all PCGs in the T. sejilaensis mitogenome are consistent with other Hepialidae mitogenomes. Among 22 transfer RNAs, 21 have the typical clover-leaf structure, while tRNASer (AGN) does not possess the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm and could not form a stable stem-loop structure. The secondary structures of 2 ribosomal RNA genes broadly conform to the proposed models of these genes documented in other lepidopteran insects. T. sejilaensis AT-rich region exhibits three repetitive sequences of 118 bp. Other regions contain 22-bp overlapping nucleotides and 72-bp intergenic nucleotides. The phylogenetic relationships were constructed by two datasets, the amino acid sequence derived from protein-coding genes and the nucleotide sequence of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs. Using Maximum Likelihood (ML), we reconstructed a phylogenetic tree which supported a more primitive taxa of Hepialoidea within Lepidoptera. Moreover, according to comparisons based on the CytB sequences and morphological characteristic, Hepialus species reported in China should be revised. Our taxonomic recommendations include assigning these species to the following genera: Thitarodes , Ahamus , Hepialus and Parahepialus . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]