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Background: Evidence from observational studies indicates that lung cancer screening (LCS) guidelines with high rates of lung cancer (LC) underdiagnosis, and although current screening guidelines have been updated and eligibility criteria for screening have been expanded, there are no studies comparing the efficiency of LCS guidelines in Chinese population. Methods: Between 2005 and 2022, 31,394 asymptomatic individuals were screened using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) at our institution. Demographic data and relevant LC risk factors were collected. The efficiency of the LCS for each guideline criteria was expressed as the efficiency ratio (ER). The inclusion rates, eligibility rates, LC detection rates, and ER based on the different eligibility criteria of the four guidelines were comparatively analyzed. The four guidelines were as follows: China guideline for the screening and early detection of lung cancer (CGSL), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP). Results: Of 31,394 participants, 298 (155 women, 143 men) were diagnosed with LC. For CGSL, NCCN, USPSTF, and I-ELCAP guidelines, the eligibility rates for guidelines were 13.92%, 6.97%, 6.81%, and 53.46%; ERe for eligibility criteria were 1.46%, 1.64%, 1.51%, and 1.13%, respectively; and for the inclusion rates, they were 19.0%, 9.5%, 9.3%, and 73.0%, respectively. LCs which met the screening criteria of CGSL, NCCN, USPSTF, and I-ELCAP guidelines were 29.2%, 16.4%, 14.8%, and 86.6%, respectively. The age and smoking criteria for CGSL were stricter, hence resulting in lower rates of LC meeting the screening criteria. The CGSL, NCCN, and USPSTF guidelines showed the highest underdiagnosis in the 45–49 age group (17.4%), while the I-ELCAP guideline displayed the highest missed diagnosis rate (3.0%) in the 35–39 age group. Males and females significantly differed in eligibility based on the criteria of the four guidelines (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The I-ELCAP guideline has the highest eligibility rate for both males and females. But its actual efficiency ratio for those deemed eligible by the guideline was the lowest. Whereas the NCCN guideline has the highest ERe value for those deemed eligible by the guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Requirements for Human Natural Killer Cells' is the latest set of guidelines on human NK cells in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Standards Committee of Chinese Society for Cell Biology. This standard specifies requirements for the human natural killer (NK) cells, including the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labeling requirements, packaging requirements, storage and transportation requirements, and waste disposal requirements of NK cells. This standard is applicable for the quality control of NK cells, derived from human tissues, or differentiated/transdifferentiated from stem cells. It was originally released by the Chinese Society for Cell Biology on 30 August, 2022. We hope that the publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance, and execution of proper protocols and accelerate the international standardization of human NK cells for applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In China, over 50% of lung cancer cases occur in nonsmokers. Thus, identifying high‐risk individuals for targeted lung cancer screening is crucial. Beyond age and smoking, determining other risk factors for lung cancer in the Asian population has become a focal point of research. Using 30,000 participants in the prospectively enrolled cohort at China's National Cancer Center (NCC) over the past 14 years, we categorized participants by risk, with an emphasis on nonsmoking females. Materials and Method s : Between November 2005 and December 2019, 31,431 individuals voluntarily underwent low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans for lung cancer screening at the NCC. We recorded details like smoking history, exposure to hazards, and family history of malignant tumors. Using the 2019 NCCN criteria, participants were categorized into high‐, moderate‐, and low‐risk groups. Additionally, we separated non‐high‐risk groups into female never smokers (aged over 40) exposed to second‐hand smoke (SHS) and others. Any positive results from initial scans were monitored per the I‐ELCAP protocol (2006), and suspected malignancies were addressed through collaborative decisions between patients and physicians. We analyzed and compared the detection rates of positive results, confirmed lung cancers, and cancer stages across risk, age, and gender groups. Results: Out of 31,431 participants (55.9% male, 44.1% female), 3695 (11.8%) showed positive baseline LDCT scans with 197 (0.6%; 106 females, 91 males) confirmed as lung cancer cases pathologically. Malignancy rate by age was 0.1% among those aged under 40 years, 0.4% among those aged 40–49 years, 0.8% among those aged 50–59 years, and 1.2% among those aged 60 years and older. From the 25,763 participants (56.9% male, 43.1% female) who completed questionnaires, 1877 (7.3%) were categorized as high risk, 6500 (25.2%) as moderate risk, and 17,386 (67.5%) as low risk. Of the 23,886 in the non‐high‐risk category, 8041 (33.7%) were females over 40 years old exposed to SHS. The high‐risk group showed the highest lung cancer detection rate at 1.4%. However, females exposed to SHS had a notably higher detection rate than the rest of the non‐high‐risk group (1.1% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.0001). In this cohort, 84.8% of the detected lung cancers were at an early stage. Conclusions: In our study, using LDCT for lung cancer screening proved significant for high‐risk individuals. For non‐high‐risk populations, LDCT screening could be considered for nonsmoking women with exposure to SHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium-rich rape "Selenium Ziyuan No.1" was used as green manure to study the effects of different amounts of green manure returned to the field on the release characteristics of available selenium in acidic paddy soil in southern China, and to analyze the absorption and transformation of selenium in rice, so as to provide a theoretical basis for planting natural selenium-rich rice in acidic areas of southern China. Six treatments with different amounts of selenium-enriched rapeseed returning (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 t/hm2) were set up. Two rice varieties (selenium-rich rice variety Meixiangzhan 2 and common rice variety Zhongguangxiang 1) were selected. The results showed that (1) with the increase of selenium-rich rapeseed returning amount, the available selenium in soil showed an increasing trend. Over time, soil available selenium showed a significant increasing trend, and the content of soil available selenium reached the maximum at tillering stage, and then decreased. (2) For selenium-rich varieties, when the amount of selenium-rich rapeseed returned to the field was less than 15 t/hm2, the selenium content in rice grains increased significantly with the increase of the amount of selenium-rich rapeseed returned to the field, then remained basically stable. For conventional varieties, with the increase of the amount of selenium-rich rapeseed returned to the field, the selenium content of rice grains showed an increasing trend, but the overall selenium content was much lower than that of selenium-rich variety. (3) With the increase of the amount of rapeseed returned to the field, the rice yield had an increasing trend, but the maximum rice yields appeared when the amount of selenium-rich rapeseed returned to the field was 15 t/hm2. Therefore, Se-enriched rape returning could promote the release of available selenium in soil and the enrichment of selenium in rice plants, and significantly increase the selenium content in rice. According to the selenium content and yield of rice, it is suggested that the selenium-rich rice variety Meixiangzhan 2 was chosen and the amount of Se-rich rape returning is 15 t/hm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate warming-induced rangeland degradation in arid and semiarid steppe imposes substantial threats to the livelihoods of people. But this dilemma can be solved by combining all sectors of agriculture, animal husbandry and tourism through their complementarity, i.e. by adopting integrated landscape ecosystem-based approaches. A number of experiences and lessons have been achieved in a specific sector for its successful development, but not in the multiple social, economic, and ecological systems. In this study, we uses the perspective of integrated ecosystem management to strengthen crop-livestock integration and innovative livelihoods, and propose a multifunctional Kailash Landscape to activate the inter-linkage among agriculture, animal husbandry, and heritage pilgrimage/tourism in order to achieve multifunction of the socio-ecological system. A case study of Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative in China was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by land use and land cover change and its consequence on multiple ecosystem services. Integrated landscape management was found to be effective in building resilience of socio-ecosystems by reducing the vulnerability of traditional agriculture in terms of improving crop production and animal husbandry. A multifunctional landscape is expected to be integrated and build a resilient sector complementarity including farming, pastorism, environmental and socioeconomic function. The analyses show that integrated landscape approaches provide an effective perspective for sustainable socio-economic development in this sacred landscape. The findings highlight the importance of landscape-scale ecosystem-based adaptation to environment change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In seismic data processing, low-frequency random noise with non-Gaussian and non-stationary characteristics heavily contaminates the reflected signals in Tarim area, which brings great difficulties in interpretation of seismic records in northwest China. To achieve more satisfied resolution, more greater fidelity, together with much higher increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this paper proposes a SNR enhancement method based on the combination of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Semi-soft Go Decomposition (Semi-Soft GoDec), named VMD-SSGoDec, which can realize the simplification of low-rank extraction in time–frequency representation (TFR) domain. Firstly, each trace of the rough seismic record is decomposed into several modes to reconstruct a component matrix by VMD. Due to the semi-low rank or approximate low-rank character of the desert low-frequency noise component matrix in TFR domain, secondly, we apply the Semi-soft GoDec, a low-rank matrix estimation to extract the low-frequency random noise components from the VMD results obtained in the first step. Repeating the above single-trace procedure to each trace rather than decomposing the entire record but use low-rank estimation once can lead to a more reduced dimension of the component matrix, and thus simplify the low-rank selection in Semi-soft GoDec. Finally, with the extracted random noise results in the second step, we can obtain the denoised record by making a difference with the original input. The proposed algorithm is tested by both synthetic record and field desert seismic data. Experimental results show outstanding advantages in low-frequency noise attenuation comparing with those of f-x deconvolution and SSWT-OptShrink. Both low-frequency random noise and surface waves are almost thoroughly attenuated by the proposed method, while the reflected signals are left nearly intact, revealing a significant enhancement in SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and water table drawdown impact the community structure and diversity of peatland soil prokaryotes. Nonetheless, how soil prokaryotes of different water tables respond to climate change remains largely unknown. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the variation in soil prokaryotes under scenarios of warming, rainfall reduction, and their combination in different water table peatlands on the Zoige Plateau in China. Stimulated climate change affected some of the diversity indexes and relative abundances of soil prokaryotes in three water table peatlands. Additionally, those from the dry-rewetting event peatland had the most dominant phyla (genera) that showed significant changes in a relative abundance due to the simulated climate change treatments. Regarding functional microbial groups of carbon and nitrogen cycling, simulated climate change did not affect the abundances of the Euryarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Methanobacterium in three water table peatlands, except NC10 and Nitrospirae. Redundancy analysis showed that the prokaryotic community variation was primary impacted by site properties of the different water table peatlands rather than the simulated climate change treatments. Moreover, the water table, total carbon, total nitrogen, and soil pH were the primary factors for the overall variation in the soil prokaryotic structure. This study provides a theoretical guidance for management strategies in the Zoige peatland, under climate change scenarios. More attention should be given to the interactive effects of peatland water table drawdown and simulated climate changes for better restorative efforts in water table drawdown, rather than simply adapting to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore foreign teachers' experience of cultural and life adaptation in China, including the difficulties, emotional stress, and challenges they confronted, as well as the useful coping strategies and resources that facilitated their cultural adaptation. Ten foreign professors who taught in China were recruited from three Chinese universities. Semi-structured interviews on the participants' experience of cross-cultural adaptation in China were conducted. Thematic analysis of the transcribed dialogs was performed, and five core themes emerged: multiple challenges , mixed negative emotions , active coping and insulation , rich supportive resources , and personal traits. In the cross-cultural adaptation process in China, the main challenges for foreign teachers were language barriers; a lack of supportive relationships; and conflicts in perceptions related to teaching, privacy, and boundaries. Useful coping strategies included seeking interpersonal interactions that provided emotional and instrumental support, developing localized teaching models, and maintaining connections with the culture of origin. Under circumstances with convenient living facilities and supportive interpersonal relationships, these strategies promoted the adaptation of foreign teachers with functional personality traits. The potential correlations among these different themes and the influence of their interactions on foreign teachers' adaptation experience were also discussed. The themes that emerged in our study can help clinicians and university administrators develop therapy methods and support systems for foreign teachers who work in Chinese universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the major regions of carbonate rock oil–gas exploration in western China, Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin has severe environment and complex ground surface conditions, hence the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the field seismic data is extremely low. To improve the SNR of desert seismic data is a crucial step in the following work. However, the random noise in desert seismic characterizes by non-stationary, non-gaussian, non-linear and low frequency, which are very different from the random Gaussian noise. In addition, the effective signals of desert seismic generally share the same frequency band with strong random noise. These all make some traditional denoising methods cannot suppress it well. Therefore, a new noise suppression framework based on improved PSO–SVM is proposed in this paper. First, we extract the correlation of noisy desert seismic data to form feature vector. Subsequently, the model of improved PSO–SVM was built to classify the extracted feature, thereby identifying the position of the seismic events. Finally, second-order TGV filter was applied for obtaining denoised results. We perform tests on synthetic and field desert seismic record and the denoising results show that the proposed method can effectively preserve effective signals and eliminate random noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the treatment of patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not clear. Few study explored the trends of the PORT use. In this study, we examine the status of PORT use of completely resected NSCLC in mainland China. Methods: From 2005 to 2014, patients with primary lung cancer from eight hospitals across seven geographic regions of mainland China were selected. Then patients with staged I–IIIA NSCLC receiving radical surgery were enrolled in this study. The chi-square test was used to compare differences in the use of PORT among the groups of different age, regions and stages. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to identify the trend in the PORT use from 2005 to 2014. Results: Totally, 2,253 out of 7,184 patients were with staged I–IIIA NSCLC receiving completely resection. Only 122 patients (5.42%) received PORT. During this decade, the use of PORT declined significantly (p = 0.0002). In high socio-economic areas, the percentage of PORT use was 7.43%, which was significantly higher than 1.34% in the low socio-economic areas (p < 0.0001). Age was also associated with PORT use (p = 0.0747). For N0-1 and N2 NSCLC, the proportions of PORT use were 4.01 and 10.22%, respectively (p < 0.0001). And in N0-1 or N2 NSCLC, the proportions both decreased significantly during this decade (p = 0.009 and 0.026, respectively). For stage I, IIA, IIB and IIIA, the proportions who received PORT were 2.59, 4.65, 5.49, and 10.29%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Modern radiation techniques were widely used, but the volumes and doses varied widely. The proportions of using IMRT and EPID/IGRT increased after 2012. Conclusions: In China, the use of PORT was less than developed countries and had a declined trend. The use of PORT was related to disease stages, patients' age and geographic location. Both in N0-1 and N2 diseases, the use of PORT declined. Proper education of radiation doctors was urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragmentation and loss of habitats due to natural disasters, like earthquakes and earthquaketriggered debris flows are existing threats to the longterm survival of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). To better understand natural recovery processes of the damaged habitat, field investigation and laboratory analysis were used to analyze relationships between plant colonization and soil characteristics in an over 30-year natural recovery of a damaged giant panda habitat in a debris flow gully after the 1976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. Four different damaged sites were selected that located at the center of the gully (center), on a flat alluvial fan (fan), in a side slope of the gully (slope), and at the ecotone between the gully and native forest (ecotone). Vegetation characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial biomass in the different sites and soil depths were measured. After the natural recovery, the soil fertility, water retention, and microbial biomass were highest at ecotone, followed by fan, slope, and center. Only a few perennial herbs colonized at center; shrubs started to invade at fan and slope, and the native trees dominated the community of ecotone. Furthermore, Fargesia spathacea (food for the giant panda) started to be re-established at ecotone, and the community characteristic of ecotone recovered similarly to the native habitat. These results suggested that improving the soil fertility, water retaining capacity and microbial biomass is fundamental to the plant colonization, particular for F. spathacea's reestablishment in a damaged giant panda habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in China. Results from a randomized controlled trial using annual low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT) in specific high-risk groups demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality. Methods A China national lung cancer screening guideline was developed by lung cancer early detection and treatment expert group appointed by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, based on results of the National Lung Screening Trial, systematic review of evidence related to LDCT screening, and protocol of lung cancer screening program conducted in rural China. Results Annual lung cancer screening with LDCT is recommended for high risk individuals aged 50-74 years who have at least a 20 pack-year smoking history and who currently smoke or have quit within the past five years. Individualized decision making should be conducted before LDCT screening. LDCT screening also represents an opportunity to educate patients as to the health risks of smoking; thus, education should be integrated into the screening process in order to assist smoking cessation. Conclusions A lung cancer screening guideline is provided for the high-risk population in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer-related death in China and western countries for both men and women. Overall, the five-year survival rate of lung cancer is approximately 15%, whereas the five-year survival for patients with surgically resected early-stage disease is 60-80%. Screening is conceptually a good strategy for reducing the mortality rate of lung cancer. Randomized controlled trials in the 1960s and 1970s found that chest radiographic screening did not result in a reduction in mortality for high-risk individuals. Recently published data from the National Lung Screening Trial ( NLST) showed a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality in subjects who underwent low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT) screening compared to those randomized to conventional chest X-ray. The encouraging results of the NLST, however, could not be confirmed by the preliminary results of ongoing European trials. More results from European randomized controlled trials are expected in the next few years. Recently, a number of lung cancer screening studies using LDCT have been initiated in China. This article briefly summarizes the results of the current and previous lung cancer screening trials worldwide, and focuses on the current status of LDCT lung cancer screening in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and has become an enormous economic burden in China. Low-dose spiral computed tomography ( LDCT) screening could reduce lung cancer mortality. The feasibility of conducting a population-based lung cancer screening with LDCT in China is uncertain. Methods In 2010, a demonstration program of lung cancer screening was initiated in China. High-risk individuals were enrolled in a cluster sampling design in different centers. Participants received baseline and annual screening with spiral CT and follow-up information was collected. The objective of this program is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting population-based LDCT lung cancer screening in the Chinese context. The rates of detection, early diagnosis and treatment are defined as indicators of program performance. The optimal management strategies for nodules are explored in the Chinese context based on experiences in other studies overseas. Results A demonstration program of ongoing prospective, multi-center, population-based lung cancer screening is being performed in China. Conclusions This demonstration program will provide opportunities to explore the feasibility of LDCT lung cancer screening in the Chinese setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A moderately halophilic fungus F1 was isolated from a marine solar saltern in Weihai, China. The identification of the fungus F1 was performed by the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests as well as phylogenetic analysis based on ITS (internal transcribed spacer)-5.8S rDNA region sequence comparison. The strain was identified as belonging to the genus Aspergillus and designated as Aspergillus sp. nov. F1. Furthermore, Aspergillus sp. nov. F1 grew well in 3-15 % (w/v) NaCl, and with increasing of salinity, the generation of secondary metabolites with cytotoxicity was also augmented. Three compounds with cytotoxicity were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the whole broth and mycelia of Aspergillus sp. nov. F1, and identified as ergosterol, rosellichalasin and cytochalasin E, respectively. Especially, ergosterol showed high potent cytotoxic activity to human colon cancer cell line RKO with IC of 3.3 ± 0.5 μM. Considering the high cytochalasin production and the simple and economical fermentation of Aspergillus sp. nov. F1, the strain could be used as potential strain for large scale production of the cytochalasin E and rosellichalasin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sources of methane ( CH4) become highly variable for countries undergoing a heightened period of development due to both human activity and climate change. An urgent need therefore exists to budget key sources of CH4, such as wetlands (rice paddies and natural wetlands) and lakes (including reservoirs and ponds), which are sensitive to these changes. For this study, references in relation to CH4 emissions from rice paddies, natural wetlands, and lakes in China were first reviewed and then reestimated based on the review itself. Total emissions from the three CH4 sources were 11.25 Tg CH4 yr−1 (ranging from 7.98 to 15.16 Tg CH4 yr−1). Among the emissions, 8.11 Tg CH4 yr−1 (ranging from 5.20 to 11.36 Tg CH4 yr−1) derived from rice paddies, 2.69 Tg CH4 yr−1 (ranging from 2.46 to 3.20 Tg CH4 yr−1) from natural wetlands, and 0.46 Tg CH4 yr−1 (ranging from 0.33 to 0.59 Tg CH4 yr−1) from lakes (including reservoirs and ponds). Plentiful water and warm conditions, as well as its large rice paddy area make rice paddies in southeastern China the greatest overall source of CH4, accounting for approximately 55% of total paddy emissions. Natural wetland estimates were slightly higher than the other estimates owing to the higher CH4 emissions recorded within Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau peatlands. Total CH4 emissions from lakes were estimated for the first time by this study, with three quarters from the littoral zone and one quarter from lake surfaces. Rice paddies, natural wetlands, and lakes are not constant sources of CH4, but decreasing ones influenced by anthropogenic activity and climate change. A new progress-based model used in conjunction with more observations through model-data fusion approach could help obtain better estimates and insights with regard to CH4 emissions deriving from wetlands and lakes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wenchuan earthquake (Richter scale 8) on 12 May 2008 in southwestern China caused widespread ecosystem damage in the Longmenshan area. It is important to evaluate natural vegetation recovery processes and provide basic information on ecological aspects of the recovering environment after the earthquake. To circumvent the weather limits of remote sensing in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit areas, and to meet the need for regional observation analyses, three Landsat TM images pre- and post-earthquake in Mao County were used for analysis. Post-earthquake normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were compared to pre-earthquake values with an NDVI-based index differencing method to determine the extent to which the vegetation was damaged in relation to the pre-earthquake pattern, and the rate of recovery was evaluated. The spatial characteristics of vegetation loss and natural recovery patterns were analyzed in relation to elevation, slope and aspect. The results indicated that severely damaged sites occurred mainly in river valleys, within a range of 1,500-2,500 m elevation and on slopes of 25-55°. The distance from rivers, rather than the distance from active faults, controls the damage patterns. After 1 year of natural regeneration, 36 % of the destroyed areas showed a decrease in NDVI value, 28.8 % showed very little change, 19.1 % showed an increase, and 16.1 % also increased with a recovery rate greater than 100 %. Moreover, there is a good correlation between recovery rate and both slope and elevation, but recovery patterns in the damaged area are complicated. Our results indicate that natural recovery in this arid valley is a slow process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The littoral zones of lakes have been regarded as hotspots of methane (CH4) fluxes through several studies. In the present study, we measured CH4 fluxes in six kinds of littoral zones of Huahu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the peak growing season of 2006 and 2007. We found that CH4 efflux (ranging from −0.1 to 90 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) from the littoral zones of this lake was relatively high among those of boreal and temperate lakes. Our results also showed that emergent plant zones (Hippuris vulgaris and Glyceria maxima stands) recorded the highest CH4 flux rate. The CH4 flux in the floating mat zone of Carex muliensis was significantly lower than those of the emergent plant zones. CH4 fluxes in the floating-leaved zone of Polygonum amphibium and bare lakeshore showed no significant difference and ranked last but one, only higher than that of the littoral meadow (Kobresia tibetica). Plant biomass and standing water depths were important factors to explain such spatial variations in CH4 fluxes. No significant temporal variations in CH4 fluxes were found due to the insignificant variations of physical factors in the peak growing season. These results may help in our understanding of the importance of the littoral zone of lakes, especially the emergent plant zone, as a hotspot of CH4 emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is proposed as a new method to assess floristic integrity. In the present study, we use both the conventional method broadly adopted in the USA and a new one proposed herein to assess the floristic quality of the Jiuding Mountain. For the application of the FQA, each plant species was assigned an integer from 0 to 10 termed coefficient of conservatism (C) based on its global distribution area. The coefficient shows the degree of fidelity of each plant species to the flora of the west slope of the Jiuding Mountain and represents a rank based on its distribution area. Those species receiving a C value of 0-1 are distributed all over the world, those receiving a C value of 2-3 mostly in tropical areas, and those receiving a C value of 4-6 broadly in temperate areas. Species with C values of 7-8 are endemic to China and those with coefficients 9-10 are restricted to the Hengduan Mountains or even endemic to the Jiuding Mountain. Based on the fact that different plant species show different relative importance values (IV), the new method estimates the weighted averages for the coefficient of conservatism called the weighted mean coefficient of conservatism ( w). The floristic quality index (FQI) was then derived from or w, native species richness (N) and non-native species (A). As expected when using the new method, the dominant species of the communities obtained different Cs, which resulted in different ws and FQIws as compared to the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study was aimed to understand the spatial variation of CH4 emissions from alpine wetlands in Southwest China on a field-scale in two phenological seasons, namely the peak growing season and the spring thaw. Methane emission rates were measured at 30 plots, which included three kinds of environmental types: dry hummock, Carex muliensis and Eleocharis valleculosa sites. There were highly spatial variations of methane emissions among and within different environmental types in both phenological seasons. Mean methane emission rates ranged from 1.1 to 37.0 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 in the peak growing season and from 0.004 to 0.691 mg CH4 m− 2 h−1 in the spring thaw. In the peak growing season, coefficients of variation (CV) averaged 38% among environmental types and 64% within environmental types; while in the spring thaw, CV were on the average 61% among environmental types and 96% within environmental types. The key influencing factors were the standing water table and the plant community height in the peak growing season, while in the spring thaw, no significant correlations between factors and methane emissions were found. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Since 2018, the bond market has surpassed the stock market, becoming the biggest investment area in China's security market, and the systemic risks of China's bond market are of non-negligible importance. Based on daily interest rate data of representative bond categories, this study conducted a dynamic analysis based on generalized vector autoregressive volatility spillover variance decomposition, constructed a complex network, and adopted the minimum spanning tree method to clarify and analyze the risk propagation path between different bond types. It is found that the importance of each bond type is positively correlated with liquidity, transaction volume, and credit rating, and the inter-bank market is the most important market in the entire bond market, while interest rate bonds, bank bonds and urban investment bonds are important varieties with great systemic importance. In addition, the long-term trend of the dynamic spillover index of China's bond market falls in line with the pace of the interest rate adjustments. To hold the bottom line of preventing financial systemic risks of China's bond market, standard management, strict supervision, and timely regulation of the bond markets are required, and the structural entropy, as a useful indicator, also should be used in the risk management and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Clinical profile of lung cancer has been changing over the ten years in China. • Squamous carcinoma took place of adenocarcinoma as the predominant pathology subtype. • Main imaging techniques were changing, and medical expenditure were increasing. • Main treatment options remained unchanged among lung cancer patients. Abstract Objectives This study aimed to explore the clinical profile and its trajectory of lung cancer on clinicopathological characteristics and medical service utilization in China. Methods Patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer in tertiary hospitals during 2005–14 were selected from seven geographic regions of China. Data on clinical characteristics and medical service utilization was extracted from medical record, and the ten-year trends were explored. Results A total of 7184 patients were included, the mean age was 58.3 years and the male-to-female-ratio was 2.7. From 2005 to 2014, the proportion of ≥60 year-old patients increased from 41.2% to 56.2% (p < 0.001). The smoking rate decreased from 62.9% to 51.1% (p < 0.001) and the proportion of females increased from 23.5% to 31.9% (p < 0.001). The proportion of advanced stage increased from 41.9% to 47.4% (p < 0.001). Adenocarcinoma's proportion increased from 36.4% to 53.5% (p < 0.001) while that of squamous carcinoma decreased from 45.4% to 34.4% (p < 0.001). The application of chest X-ray dropped from 50.2% to 31.0% (p < 0.001) but that of chest CT increased from 65.8% to 81.4% (p < 0.001). As two main treatment options, chemotherapy (p = 0.290) and surgery (p = 0.497) remained stable. The medical expenditure per patient increased from 40,508 to 66,020 Chinese Yuan (p < 0.001). Conclusions The sustaining high smoking exposure, increasing proportion of female patients, advancing clinical stage, shifting of predominant pathology and increasing medical expenditure demonstrate potential challenges and directions on lung cancer prevention and control in China. Despite substantial changes of clinical characteristics, main treatment options remained unchanged, which needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the sedentarization program of the Sichuan Province of China entitled "new tent-dwelling life" project (NTDL). It states that the project offers nomadic Tibetan communities to build permanent houses and help them improve their living conditions. It also notes the impacts of having permanent settlement sites in the ecological process of the area.

Noise suppression is an important step in seismic data processing. Various geographical environments make random noise in the acquired seismic records different in characteristics. Random noise in desert areas has non-Gaussian, non-linearity, non-stationary and heterogeneity. What is more, its frequency range is generally below 15 Hz, showing distinct low-frequency characteristics. Therefore, it brings much difficulty to the suppression of desert noise. Most of the existing noise suppression methods perform well on the condition of high-frequency noise, but perform worse for low-frequency noise because the denoising process of some methods depends on the waveform of noisy signal. And in some transformed methods, signal and noise are mixed with each other in the transformed domain. Thus, to resolve this problem, this paper presents a novel multiband spectrum separation (MSS) method based upon sparse nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) algorithm. It firstly decomposes noisy signal into some sub-signals of different narrow frequencies bands. Then, signal and noise components of these sub-signals are further separated by spectral unmixing in time-frequency domain. Several groups of experiments were carried out on synthetic records and real seismic data in Tarim oilfield in the northwest of China. Moreover, we compare its denoising effect with time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF), empirical mode decomposing (EMD) and Radon transform methods. The experimental and comparison results demonstrate that the proposed SNMF-MSS method performs better than the other three methods in the aspect of low-frequency suppression and weak signal recovery. • Random noise from desert areas has complicated and low-frequency (below 15 Hz) characteristics. • SNMF-MSS realizes signal and noise separation by time-frequency spectrum unmixing of some different frequencies sub-signals. • Experimental results demonstrate the better performance of SNMF-MSS in the aspect of low-frequency random noise suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First comparison of carbon stock dynamic pattern among different grassland types in Southern China. • Shifting controls over the spatial variation in carbon density for different grassland types. • Meadows had highest soil carbon density among different grassland types in Southern China. • Mountain temperate grassland and subtropical grassland are more sensitive to changing climate than meadows. Understanding the controls over soil carbon (C) stocks of grasslands in Southern China is critical for assessing and predicting the future fate of C in these ecosystems. In this study, we determined the spatial pattern of soil C density of grasslands in Southern China as well as its underlying driving forces based on 317 field-sampled grasslands throughout Southern China. Our results indicated that soil C density in grass-forb meadows (GM) was significantly higher than that of temperate grasslands (TG) and subtropical grasslands (SG), mainly due to its lower organic matter decomposition rate. Moreover, we found that the main controls over soil C density shifted among different grassland types, with climate factors (mean annual air temperature and precipitation) being the main regulators in TG and SG, but vegetation condition was more important for meadows. This implied that soil C in TG and SG was more sensitive to climate change than C stored in GM. We estimated the total soil C stock to 100 cm depth of all grasslands in Southern China as 2.12–2.32 Pg C, accounting for ˜6-14% of soil C storage in China, confirming the importance of grasslands in Southern China in land C budget in monsoon-influenced regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-release risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz requires a careful evaluation of the reproductive compatibility with its closely-related Camelina species. Camelina rumelica Velen. is a naturalized weed occurring in C. sativa production region in the northwestern China. In this study, a large number of reciprocal crosses was conducted between the tetraploid C. rumelica and hexaploid C. sativa. The F 1 hybrids were produced by the tetraploid C. rumelica (♀) × hexaploid C. sativa (♂) at the rate of one hybrid for 217 ovules pollinated, and one hybrid for 220 ovules pollinated in the reciprocal direction. All F 1 hybrids required vernalization treatment to induce timely flowering and showed the significant lower pollen viability (< 2%) compared to the parental lines. Despite that the F 1 failed to backcross with the parental lines, selfed seeds (F 2) were obtained from F 1 hybrids plants. The F 2 hybrids showed some degree of restored pollen viability (about 20%) and successfully produced seeds by both backcrossing and self-pollination. A similar pattern was observed in the field, with F 1 hybrids showing self-compatibility and reduced seed production potential. It is worthwhile to mention that all F 1 and F 2 plants grew well both in the greenhouse and field conditions, but with the significant lower seed production ability. A portion of selfed F 2 seeds from naturally shattering persisted in the soil seedbank during summer period and subsequently germinated in late fall. By contrast, other F 2 seeds may have been dormant in the soil seedbank and germinated the following spring. These altered life-cycle related traits in hybrids generates the novel ecological concerns on the persistence and population dynamics of transient hybrids in the seedbank. In summary, this study provided the evidence that the tetraploid C. rumelica and hexaploid C. sativa , which have the sympatric distributions and overlapped flowering periods, gene flow between them probably could occur. Although the rate was relatively low (about 0.5%), the introgression of life-cycle related traits into C. sativa population could alter its key life-cycle traits and raise the concerns on the soil seedbank persistence and invasiveness of transient hybrid in C. sativa production region in the northwestern China. [Display omitted] • Hybrids were produced between the tetraploid C. rumelica and hexaploid C. sativa. • Hybridization rate between the two Camelina species was approximately 0.5%. • Hybrids were self-fertile but with reduced pollen viability and seed production. • Transient seed bank of hybrids may result in a weedy propensity. • Introgression of life-cycle traits into C. sativa raised the gene flow risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camelina [ Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has gained extensive attention in Europe and North America as a potential dietary oil and biofuel feedstock. It is a relatively new crop in Asia (e.g., China, Korea). There is great potential for the cropping of camelina in eastern China on marginal lands where the climatic conditions (e.g., cooler temperature) may be suitable for cultivating this crop. However, little has been done to evaluate its agronomic performance in eastern China. To address this, a three-year (2019–2021) field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fall and spring seeding dates on seed yield and quality of sixteen spring camelina genotypes across the three different growing environments in eastern China and to select potentially high-yielding genotypes for fall or spring seeding with the suitable seeding dates for each growing environment. The study showed that fall seeding camelina between late Oct. and the third week of Nov. in eastern China, including Anyang, Qingdao, and Yangzhou, produced a sustainable and satisfactory seed and oil yield (mean across genotypes, locations, and years: 2372 and 921 kg ha−1, respectively). While spring seeding between mid- and the end of April at Qingdao showed a lower productive performance (mean seed and oil yield across genotypes: 1081 and 373 kg ha−1, respectively), it still provides an alternative option for the production of high-quality edible oil compared to other oilseed crops such as soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Although the strong genotype × environment interactions showed, among the tested camelina genotypes, fall seeding camelina accessions of CamK9, CamC2, and CamC4 at the suitable seeding dates showed a consistently greater mean seed yield (range: 1648–3170 kg ha−1) and oil yield (747–1368 kg ha−1) in all test locations compared to other genotypes. At the suitable fall seeding dates, mean seed oil content and yield across the tested genotypes and locations were 43.5% (range: 39.0–48.9%) and 856 kg ha−1 (range: 161–1489 ha−1), respectively, with the highest mean oil content of 45.9% determined at Yangzhou (range: 43.6–48.9%) and the highest mean seed yield of 2539 kg ha−1 at Qingdao (range: 1365–3501 kg ha−1). The camelina genotypes indicated would be good candidates for large-scale cropping in eastern China and other parts of the world with similar climatic conditions. • Sixteen spring camelina genotypes selected for fall and spring seeding were evaluated. • Three camelina genotypes best adapted to fall seeding in eastern China compared to other genotypes. • Suitable seeding date for fall seeding camelina in eastern China: late Oct.–third week of Nov. • Two camelina genotypes were suitable for spring seeding in mid-April at Qingdao. • Camelina has the potential for large-scale on marginal lands of eastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Riganqiao peatland was a net water source with emission (kg m−2 yr−1) of average 429.3 ± 51.5 from 2013 to 2017. • Impacts of interannual relative humidity (RH) and net radiation (Rn) on water vapor flux were different in each year. • Net CO 2 ecosystem exchange (NEE) was significantly negative related to water vapor flux, whatever in seasonal or interannual scale. Although carbon flux monitoring has been studied extensively in terrestrial ecosystems around the world, water vapor flux based on eddy covariance has received little attention. As a special type of terrestrial ecosystem, wetlands are transitions between land and water, material and energy, and therefore of great significance in times of global change. In wetlands, water vapor flux has a significant impact on micrometeorological environments, making it the main conduit for water vapor exchange between the wetland and the atmosphere. Using an eddy covariance tower, we measured water vapor flux (H 2 O) over four years at the Riganqiao fen in the Zoige peatlands on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China. Diurnal H 2 O peaks occurred around 14:00, and annual mean diurnal rate (mmol m−2 s−1) was 0.77 ± 0.02, 1.2 ± 0.02, 0.85 ± 0.02, and 0.93 ± 0.02, respectively over the 4 years. Daily H 2 O flux rate was substantially higher between June and August, with peak values of 8836 g m−2 d−1 on DOY (day of year) 161 in 2013. The Riganqiao peatland was a net water source, with an emission average of 429.3 ± 51.5 (kg m−2 yr−1). Hydrological and temperature were crucial to seasonal variation in water vapor fluxes in both growing and non-growing seasons, especially the latent heat flux (LE). However, interannual water vapor flux and relative humidity (RH) were significantly positively correlated to water vapor fluxes in 2016 and 2017 but not in 2013 and 2014. Net CO 2 ecosystem exchange (NEE) was significantly negatively related to water vapor flux at seasonal and interannual scales, suggesting that enhanced transpiration of alpine wetland plants will also promote CO 2 absorption over long time scales. Few previous studies have investigated these patterns based on such an interannual monitoring data with eddy covariance tower on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Our results suggest that peatland water vapor flux affects not only the micrometeorological environment, but also NEE in wetland ecosystems over long-time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Serum uric acid (SUA) is a major cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Whether and to what extent the excess risk of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) conferred by SUA is unknown. The study was conducted to investigate the association between SUA and EPVS in different brain regions., Methods: Data are from Multi-modality medical imaging study based on Kailuan study (META-KLS) in this cross-sectional study. Participants were divided into five groups based on SUA levels, and EPVS in basal ganglia (BG), centrum semiovale (CSO) and midbrain (MB) was systematically assessed and divided into Low and High group. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for high EPVS outcomes were estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to further investigate dose-response relationship., Results: A total of 1014 participants aged 25-83 years from 11 centers were enrolled in the study. In the multivariable-adjusted model, SUA, as an independent risk factor, correlated positively with high degree of MB-EPVS (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.004; p = 0.023) in general population. In addition, RCS further demonstrated the linear association between SUA and MB-EPVS (p = 0.072). No association was found between SUA and BG-EPVS or CSO-EPVS., Conclusion: SUA was an independent risk factor of MB-EPVS. High SUA levels were more predictive of increased risk occurrence of high degree of MB-EPVS, supporting a linear association between SUA and MB-EPVS and further indicating that SUA may play an important role in cerebral small vessel disease., Trial Registration: The KaiLuan Study and META-KLS were registered online (ChiCTR2000029767 on chictr.org.cn and NCT05453877 on Clinicaltrials.gov, respectively)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Fine-root architecture is critical feature reflecting root explorative and exploitative strategies for soil resources and soil space occupancy. Yet, studies on the variation of fine-root architecture across different species are scare and little work has been done to integrate the potential drivers on these variations along a biogeographical gradient in arid ecosystems. We measured root branching intensity, topological index, and root branching ratios as well as morphological traits (root diameter and length) in dry valley along a 1000 km latitudinal gradient. Influence of phylogeny, environmental factors on fine-root architecture and trade-offs among root traits were evaluated. With increasing latitude, the topological index and second to third root order branching ratio decreased, whereas first-to-second branching ratio increased. Root branching intensity was associated with short and thin fine roots, but has no significant latitudinal pattern. As a whole, soil microbial biomass was the most important driver in the variation of root branching intensity, and soil texture was the strongest predictor of topological index. Additionally, mean annual temperature was an important factor influencing first-to-second branching ratio. Our results suggest variations in fine-root architectures were more dependent on environmental variables than phylogeny, signifying that fine-root architecture is sensitive to environmental variations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On behalf of my co-authors Yu Yang, Weikai Bao, Hui Hu, Ning Wu, Zilong Wang, Bin Hu, Tinghui Yang, Xiaojuan Li. I am declaring the work described was original research that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript for publication. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Microplastic (MP) pollution is widely spread in oceans, freshwater, and terrestrial environments but MPs in mountainous headwater ecosystem are rarely reported. This study focuses on the headwater of Yangtze tributaries of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region. Five streams at elevations of 900 to 3300 m were selected to investigate the distribution of MPs in water and sediments across altitudes. MPs were found in all water and sediment samples from top stream zone nearly in absence of anthropogenic activity, low anthropogenic zone, and high anthropogenic zone, increased from 12-54, 81-185 to 334-847 items/L, and 2-35, 26-84 to 124-428 items/kg, respectively. This elevation-dependent MP distribution indicated that as elevation decreased, anthropogenic activities intensified and increased MPs input and their abundance, size, and diversity. Notably, hydraulic projects, such as damming, were identified as potential barriers to the migration of MPs downstream. Microbiome analyses revealed the presence of bacterial genes associated with plastic biodegradation in all sediment samples. The study indicates that Shangri-la mountainous streams have been polluted with MPs for years with potential risk of generation of nano-sized particles via natural fragmentation and biodegradation, and thus raises concern on MPs pollution in headwaters streams in mountainous regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Previous studies have mostly investigated the risk factors affecting the occurrence of leukoaraiosis and the risk factors affecting the severity of leukoaraiosis in patients with ischemic stroke, but there are relatively few studies on the risk factors and clinical characteristics affecting the severity of leukoaraiosis in the population with the most common type of first-episode ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in China. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with first-ever ischemic stroke due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. All patients underwent diffusion weight magnetic resonance imaging and adjunctive examinations such as magnetic resonance angiography and/or computed tomography angiography and/or digital subtraction angiography. The characteristics and clinical data were also statistically analyzed. Results: Of the 504 patients enrolled, 176 (34.92%), 202 (40.08%), and 126 (25.00%) patients were in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively, and the patients were older in the severe group compared with the moderate and mild groups (p < 0.05). Hypertension was more severe in the severe group compared with the severe and mild groups (p < 0.05). The time to hospital admission was shorter in the severe group compared with the moderate and mild groups (p < 0.05). The admission National Institutes of Health stroke scale was higher in the severe group than in the moderate and mild groups (p < 0.05). homocysteine, glucose, glycohemoglobin A1c, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein to albumin ratio levels were significantly different between the three groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the distribution of infarct foci in the anterior and posterior circulation in the three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Age and homocysteine were independent risk factors for leukoaraiosis severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and all were positively associated with leukoaraiosis severity. Hypertension, glucose, glycohemoglobin A1c, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein to albumin ratio levels were highly significant in evaluating the prognosis of patients., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Background: Non-smokers account for a large proportion of lung cancer patients, especially in Asia, but the attention paid to them is limited compared with smokers. In non-smokers, males display a risk for lung cancer incidence distinct from the females-even after excluding the influence of smoking; but the knowledge regarding the factors causing the difference is sparse. Based on a large multicenter prospective cancer screening cohort in China, we aimed to elucidate the interpretable sex differences caused by known factors and provide clues for primary and secondary prevention., Methods: Risk factors including demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, family history of cancer, and baseline comorbidity were obtained from 796,283 Chinese non-smoking participants by the baseline risk assessment completed in 2013 to 2018. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer, and the hazard ratios (HRs) that were adjusted for different known factors were calculated and compared to determine the proportion of excess risk and to explain the existing risk factors., Results: With a median follow-up of 4.80 years, 3351 subjects who were diagnosed with lung cancer were selected in the analysis. The lung cancer risk of males was significantly higher than that of females; the HRs in all male non-smokers were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.38) after adjusting for the age and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28-1.50) after adjusting for all factors, which suggested that known factors could not explain the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. Known factors were 7% (|1.29-1.38|/1.29) more harmful in women than in men. For adenocarcinoma, women showed excess risk higher than men, contrary to squamous cell carcinoma; after adjusting for all factors, 47% ([1.30-1.16]/[1.30-1]) and 4% ([7.02-6.75]/[7.02-1])) of the excess risk was explainable in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The main causes of gender differences in lung cancer risk were lifestyle factors, baseline comorbidity, and family history., Conclusions: Significant gender differences in the risk of lung cancer were discovered in China non-smokers. Existing risk factors did not explain the excess lung cancer risk of all non-smoking men, and the internal causes for the excess risk still need to be explored; most known risk factors were more harmful to non-smoking women; further exploring the causes of the sex difference would help to improve the prevention and screening programs and protect the non-smoking males from lung cancers., (Copyright © 2022 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.)

Both sarcopenia and loss of teeth are associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential relationships between tooth loss and sarcopenia and its components in suburban community-dwelling older adults of Shanghai and Tianjin, China. The subjects were 1494 people over 60 years of age (40.7% men; aged 71.64 ± 5.97 years) from Chongming District of Shanghai and Hangu District of Tianjin. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS) criteria were used to define sarcopenia. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, a grip strength test, and a four-meter walk test, respectively. The subjects were divided into groups depending on self-reported loss of teeth. Our studies found no correlation between tooth loss and sarcopenia or muscle mass. However, the walking speed of female participants with at least 10 teeth lost was 0.059 m/s slower than that of participants with fewer than 10 teeth lost (p < 0.001), and grip strength was 1.577 kg lower among male participants with at least 10 teeth lost than among males with fewer than 10 teeth lost (p = 0.023). These results are consistent with the importance of good oral hygiene in preventing declines of physical performance in older adults., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Data on the effectiveness of one-off low-dose CT (LDCT) in reducing lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality are needed to inform screening programmes in countries with limited medical resources. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of one-off LDCT screening in the early detection of lung cancer in China., Methods: A multicentre, population-based, prospective cohort study was done in 12 cities of eight provinces across China, recruiting individuals aged 40-74 years who were asymptomatic for lung cancer with no lung cancer history. Participants were classified as at high risk or low risk of lung cancer using a sex-specific risk score that incorporated cigarette smoking, level of physical activity, occupational exposures, history of chronic respiratory diseases, family history of lung cancer, diet, and passive smoking (women only). Participants at high risk were invited for a one-off LDCT scan and were classified into screened and non-screened groups on the basis of whether or not they had the scan. Lung cancer incidence density, lung cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality were calculated for the screened and non-screened groups. The effectiveness of a one-off LDCT scan was evaluated by a comparison of the screened and non-screened groups in terms of lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality in the period from cohort entry until administrative censoring (June 20, 2020). Inverse probability weighting was adopted to account for potential imbalanced factors between the two groups and Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the weighted associations between mortality and one-off LDCT scans., Findings: Between Feb 19, 2013, and Oct 31, 2018, 1 032 639 individuals were assessed for eligibility. 1 016 740 participants were enrolled in the study, of whom 3581 had a lung cancer diagnosis after a median follow-up of 3·6 years (IQR 2·8-5·1). Among the 223 302 participants at high risk, 79 581 (35·6%) had an LDCT scan (screened group) and 143 721 (64·4%) did not (non-screened group). After inverse probability weighting, lung cancer incidence density was 47·0% higher (hazard ratio 1·47 [95% CI 1·27-1·70]; p<0·0001), lung cancer mortality was 31·0% lower (0·69 [95% CI 0·53-0·92]; p=0·010) and all-cause mortality was 32·0% lower (0·68 [0·57-0·82]; p<0·0001) for participants in the screened group compared with those in the non-screened group., Interpretation: One-off LDCT screening was associated with significantly lower lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality in a large population in China. Our results point to the promise of one-off LDCT screening in countries with limited medical resources. Further studies are needed to explore interactions by subgroup-including sex, age, smoking status, and economic status-to develop population-specific screening strategies., Funding: Ministry of Finance and National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China., Translation: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Compound Sidaxue (SX), a prescription of Chinese Miao medicine, in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using network pharmacology and in vivo experimental approaches., Methods: Network pharmacology was adopted to detect the active components of four Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCM) of SX, and the key targets and signaling pathways in the treatment of RA were predicted, and the key components and targets were screened for molecular docking. The predicted targets and pathways were validated in bovine type II collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant emulsifier-induced rat RA model., Results: In this study, we identified 33 active components from SX, predicted to act on 44 RA-associated targets by network pharmacology. PPI network demonstrated that TNF-α, VEGF-A, IL-2, IL-6, AKT, PI3K, STAT1 may serve as the key targets of SX for the treatment of RA. The main functional pathways involving these key targets include PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis found that the active components β-amyrin, cajanin, eleutheroside A have high affinity for TNF-α, VEGFA, IL-2, AKT, and PI3K, etc. SX can improve joint swelling in Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis in joint synovial tissue, and down-regulate IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, NF-κBp65, the expression of p-NF-κBp65, STAT1, and PTGS2 are used to control the exacerbation of inflammation and alleviate the proliferation of synovial pannus, and at the same time play the role of cartilage protection to achieve the effect of treating RA., Conclusion: Through a network pharmacology approach and animal study, we predicted and validated the active compounds of SX and their potential targets for RA treatment. The results suggest that SX can markedly alleviate CIA rat by modulating the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, TNF-α signaling pathway, IL/NF-κB signaling pathway., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2022 Wu et al.)

Background: Depressive symptoms erode both physical and mental aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Social support (SS) may improve HRQoL through its direct effects or buffering effects. The association among depressive symptoms, SS, and HRQoL has been studied in specific groups, but research in the general adult population remains limited. This study examined the association among depressive symptoms, SS, and HRQoL, including exploring whether SS (including its three dimensions: subjective SS, objective SS and support utilization) mediated or moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and HRQoL among community-based adults., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in six communities in Shanghai, China, and 1642 adult participants with complete information on depressive symptoms and/or SS, and HRQoL were included. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association among depressive symptoms, SS, and HRQoL. In addition, we explored the mediating and moderating role of SS in the relationship between depressive symptoms and HRQoL., Results: More depressive symptoms were associated with lower physical HRQoL (B = -0.64, p < .001) and lower mental HRQoL (B = -0.83, p < .001). SS (B = 0.07, p = .02), specifically subjective SS (B = 0.09, p = .03), was positively related to mental HRQoL. After adjusting for covariates, we found no evidence for a mediating role of SS in the relationship between depressive symptoms and HRQoL, while SS (subjective SS and objective SS) moderated the association between depressive symptoms and mental HRQoL., Limitations: Due to the low voluntary participation rate of employees, participants represented approximately 50% of the individuals approached, thus limiting the generalizability of our findings. Data collected through self-report scales could lead to information bias., Conclusions: SS does not appear to underlie the relationship between depressive symptoms and HRQoL. However, interventions to increase SS (in particular, subjective SS and objective SS) should be studied to determine whether they may be beneficial in alleviating the adverse impact of depressive symptoms on mental HRQoL., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

It is unclear as to whether Wilms' tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP) promotes or suppresses breast cancer. This immunohistochemistry analysis explored levels of WTAP expression in 347 cases of breast cancer and analyzed the relationship between WTAP expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients. The rate of high WTAP expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tissue than in adjacent normal breast tissue (37.5% vs 0.0%; P < 0.001). WTAP expression was positively associated with tumor size and grade, and negatively associated with axillary lymph node metastasis, estrogen and progesterone receptor status. Rates of high WTAP expression were 66.1% in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissue and 31.3% in non-TNBC tissue. In multiple logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of WTAP expression in breast cancer included larger tumor size (odds ratio = 1.907; 95% confidence interval: 1.185-3.067; P = 0.008), lymph node metastasis (0.597; 0.373-0.956; P = 0.032) and TNBC status (3.735; 2.056-6.784; P < 0.001). No clear relationship was observed between patient prognosis and WTAP expression. We suggest that WTAP expression is upregulated in breast cancer and appears to both promote tumor growth and inhibit lymph node metastasis., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is emerging as a cost-effective approach for helping people adapt to climate and non-climate changes. Nowadays, climate change and urbanization have affected agricultural systems, but it is not clear how rural communities have responded or adapted to those changes. Here, we chose two typical villages in the Chengdu Plain, southwest China, through sociological surveys on 90 local farmers with a semi-structured questionnaire, participatory observation, geospatial analysis of land use and land cover, and a literature review, to explore the local people's perception of changes or disturbances and their adaptation strategies from the perspective of EbA. The results showed that climate change and urbanization had impacted agricultural systems dramatically in the last 40 years. In two case-study sites, climate change and urbanization were perceived by most local farmers as the main drivers impacting on agricultural production, but various resource-use models containing abundant traditional knowledge or practices as well as modern tools, such as information communication technology (ICT), were applied to adapt to these changes. Moreover, culture service through the adaptive decoration of rural landscapes is becoming a new perspective for implementing an EbA strategy. Finally, our findings highlighted the potential value of an EbA strategy for sustaining urban-rural integrated development and enhancing the resilience of agricultural systems.

Objective: The traffic characteristics of Sichuan and Guizhou differ from those of other regions due to its unique geographical features. In addition, accident studies in China mainly focus on urban roads in the eastern and central regions. However, studies on western regions, especially non-urban roads, are scarce. Thus, this study aims to explore the factors that influence the severity of accidents on non-urban roads in typical regions of Sichuan and Guizhou., Methods: A total of 541 cases from 2014 to 2020 were selected from the database of the China In-Depth Accident Study, where 18 variables, which may exert an impact on accident severity, were extracted after screening. First, heterogeneity of data was eliminated through latent class analysis (LCA). The ordered probit (OP) model was then conducted for each class to obtain significant variables that exert an impact on accident severity. The study quantified the degree of influence of the significant variables using marginal effect analysis., Results: The LCA results demonstrate that data were categorized into the following classes, namely, (a) two-vehicle accidents involving trucks, (b) pedestrian and multiple-vehicle accidents, (c) two-wheeler accidents, and (d) single-vehicle accidents. The OP results show that most variables could exert impact on accident severity, and some of them exerted varying levels of influence on the severity of different classes, whereas others only influence a specific class., Conclusion: According to this study, we obtained the accident characteristics of these regions and put forward some targeted suggestions to further improve the level of road traffic safety. The findings can provide support for the construction of transportation in line with the regional characteristics in China.

Objective: To compare image quality and radiation dose of split-filter TwinBeam dual-energy (SF-TBDE) with those of single-energy images (SECT) in the contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT)., Methods: Two hundred patients who underwent SF-TBDE (n = 100) and SECT (n = 100) contrast-enhanced chest scanning were retrospectively analyzed. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM)-CNR of 5 structures (lung, aorta, pulmonary artery, thyroid, and erector spinae) were calculated and subjectively evaluated by 2 independent radiologists. Radiation dose was compared using volume CT dose index and size-specific dose estimate., Results: The CNR and FOM-CNR of lung and erector spinae in SF-TBDE were higher than those of SECT (P < 0.001). The differences in the subjective image quality between the 2 groups were not significant (P = 0.244). Volume CT dose index and size-specific dose estimate of SF-TBDE were lower than those of SECT (6.60 ± 1.56 vs 7.81 ± 3.02 mGy, P = 0.001; 9.25 ± 1.60 vs. 10.55 ± 3.54; P = 0.001)., Conclusions: The SF-TBDE CT can provide similar image quality at a lower radiation dose compared with SECT., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Studies relating obesity to cognition in older people show conflicting results, which may be explained by the choice of obesity indicators., Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity-related indicators and cognitive impairment, especially between different age or gender subgroups, and explore whether obesity-related indicators were related to specific cognitive domains., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 1753 participants aged ≥ 60 years (41.0% men; aged 71.36 ± 5.96 years). Obesity-related indicators included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), calf circumference (CC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to calf circumstance ratio (WCR), fat to fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM). The Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score ≤ 17 for illiterates, ≤ 20 for participants with primary school education, and ≤ 24 for those with junior high school degrees or above. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze and visualize the linear relationships., Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 18.77%. In the fully adjusted model, CC was negatively associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). Further analysis showed that CC correlated positively with recall and place orientation. A higher FM/FFM was found to be associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 0.88-2.35, P for trend = 0.029); this association was notable in women (P for trend = 0.002) and the oldest (P for trend = 0.009), and so did the potential effect of BMI on cognitive impairment (70-80 years: P for trend = 0.011; ≥ 80 years: P for trend = 0.013). No statistically significant association was found between cognitive impairment and WC, WHR, or WCR., Conclusion: CC and FM/FFM were associated with cognitive impairment in older people. Future research needs to distinguish the effects of fat and muscle mass on cognitive function, with special attention to different ages and genders., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Objectives: This study analyses the cost-effectiveness of annual low-dose CT (LDCT) screening of high-risk cancer populations in Chinese urban areas., Design: We used a Markov model to evaluate LDCT screening from a sociological perspective., Setting: The data from two large lung cancer screening programmes in China were used., Participants: The sample consisted of 100 000 smokers who underwent annual LDCT screening until age 76., Intervention: The study comprises five screening strategies, with the initial screening ages in both the screening strategies and their corresponding non-screening strategies being 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 years, respectively., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between screening and non-screening strategies at the same initial age was evaluated., Results: In the baseline scenario, compared with those who were not screened, the specific mortality from lung cancer decreased by 18.52%-23.13% among those who underwent screening. The ICER of LDCT screening ranges from US$13 056.82 to US$15 736.06 per quality-adjusted life year, which is greater than one but less than three times the gross domestic product per capita in China. An initial screening age of 55 years is the most cost-effective strategy., Conclusions: Baseline analysis shows that annual LDCT screening of heavy smokers in Chinese urban areas is likely to be cost-effective. The sensitivity analysis reveals that sensitivity, specificity and the overdiagnosis rate influence the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening. All scenarios tested demonstrate cost-effectiveness, except for the combination of worst values of sensitivity, specificity and overdiagnosis. Therefore, the cost-effectiveness of a screening strategy depends on the performance of LDCT screenings., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: We examined the association between obesity and physical performance under different metabolic status., Methods: The sample included 1395 Chinese community-dwelling participants (mean age, 71.88 ± 5.87 years; 40.9% men). Being metabolically healthy was defined as having the presence of < 3 of 5 components of metabolic syndrome (MetS); obesity was defined as having a BMI > 28 kg/m 2 . Participants were divided into four groups based on BMI (non-obese/obese) and metabolic health (healthy/unhealthy). Physical performance was measured by grip strength, 4-m walking speed, and the timed up and go test (TUGT)., Results: After multiple adjustments, compared with metabolically healthy non-obese group, the metabolically unhealthy obese group showed lower relative grip strength, lower 4-m walking speed, and higher TUGT ( P all < 0.05), and only relative grip strength of the metabolically healthy obese group was significantly lower than that of metabolically healthy non-obese ( P < 0.01). Relative grip strength was negatively associated with impaired fasting glucose (β = -0.071), elevated triglycerides (β = -0.062), abdominal obesity (β = -0.230) and general obesity (β = -0.225) ( P all < 0.01). Walking speed and TUGT were only associated with general obesity, rather than other metabolic components. The associations of MetS with physical performance were mainly driven by abdominal obesity., Conclusion: Even in those who are metabolically healthy, obesity (especially general obesity) increases the risk of poor physical performance. Elderly people with general obesity and MetS, whether in combination or alone, have an increased risk of muscle dysfunction, and that combination produces a higher risk of impaired mobility., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2021 Ma et al.)

Background and Aim of the Study: To investigate the effect of myocardial injury on the prognosis of patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., Methods: Between February 10, 2020 and March 31, 2020, data of severe and critical COVID-19 patients were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Admission data included age, heart rates, mean arterial pressure, and myocardial injury markers including creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), myoglobin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and interleukin-6. The endpoints included mortality, the incidence of malignant arrhythmia, and mechanical ventilation time. Univariate regression analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, and binary logistic analysis were performed to develop the risk predictors in myocardial injury to the prognosis of severe and critical COVID-19 patients., Results: Seventy-four COVID-19 patients were included (mean age of 67.2 ± 14.6 years, male of 66.2%), including 42 severe and 32 critical cases. The mortality was 62.2% (n = 46). CK-MB (odds ratio = 5.895, p < .001, 95% confidence interval: 3.097-8.692) and interleukin-6 (odds ratio = 0.379; p = .005; 95% confidence interval: 1.051-1.769) were independent risk factors of increased mechanical ventilation time; myoglobin (odds ratio = 7.710; p = .045; 95% confidence interval: 1.051-56.571) were the independent predictor of incidence of malignant arrhythmia; age (odds ratio = 1.077; p = .009; 95% confidence interval: 1.019-1.139), myoglobin (odds ratio = 9.480; p = .032; 95% confidence interval: 1.211-78.188), and NT-proBNP (odds ratio = 4.852; p = .047; 95% confidence interval: 0.956-24.627) were the independent predictors of mortality., Conclusions: In severe and critical COVID-19 patients, the obvious myocardial injury was observed. Increases of CK-MB, myoglobin, NT-proBNP, interleukin-6, and age were independently associated with poor prognosis including increased ventilation duration, the incidence of malignant arrhythmia, and mortality., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Lung cancer is substantially attributable to smoking, but detailed related estimates on smoking-attributable expenditure (SAE) in China are not available yet, which could inform tobacco control and cancer prevention initiatives., Methods: A prevalence-based approach was adopted to estimate the total SAE, including direct expenditure (medical and non-medical) and indirect cost (disability and premature death). Detailed per-patient data on direct expenditure and work-loss days were acquired from a unique multicentre survey in China. Other parameters were from literatures and official reports., Results: The total estimated SAE of lung cancer was US$5249 million in China in 2015 (0.05 % of gross domestic product for China). The estimated direct SAE was US$1937 million (36.9 % of the total SAE), accounting for 0.29 % of total healthcare expenditure for China. The medical and non-medical direct expenditures were US$1749 million and US$188 million, respectively. The estimated indirect cost was US$3312 million (63.1 % of the total SAE), including US$377 million due to disability and US$2935 million due to premature death. The SAE increased with age, peaking at 60-64 years (US$1004 million), and was higher among men, in urban areas and in eastern China. If smoking prevalence was reduced to 20%, as is the goal of Healthy China 2030, the total SAE would be decreased by 4.9 %., Conclusions: Smoking-attributable economic burden caused by lung cancer was substantial in China in 2015, and will continue increasing given current trends in lung cancer. However, future economic burden can be prevented with implementation of effective tobacco control and other interventions., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Ensartinib is a potent new-generation ALK inhibitor with high activity against a broad range of known crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations and CNS metastases. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ensartinib in ALK-positive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in whom crizotinib therapy was unsuccessful. The associations between ensartinib efficacy and crizotinib-resistant mutations were also explored., Methods: We did a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study at 27 centres in China. Patients were aged 18 years or older, had stage IIIb or stage IV ALK-positive NSCLC that had progressed while they were on crizotinib therapy, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less, had measurable disease, and had received fewer than three previous treatments. Patients with CNS metastases were included if these metastases were asymptomatic and did not require steroid therapy. All patients received 225 mg ensartinib orally once daily on a continuous dosing schedule. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an objective response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1), as assessed by an independent review committee in all patients who received at least one dose of ensartinib with no major violations of the inclusion criteria (ie, the full analysis set). Safety was assessed in all enrolled patients who received at least one dose of ensartinib. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03215693., Findings: Between Sept 28, 2017, and April 11, 2018, 160 patients were enrolled and had at least one dose of ensartinib (safety analysis set). Four patients had inclusion violations and were excluded from the efficacy analysis, which thus included 156 patients (full analysis set). 97 (62%) patients in the full analysis set had brain metastases. 76 (52% [95% CI 43-60]) of 147 patients in the full analysis set, with responses that could be assessed by the independent review committee, had an objective response. 28 (70% [53-83]) of 40 patients with measurable brain metastases as assessed by the independent review committee had an intracranial objective response. 145 (91%) of 160 patients had at least one treatment-related adverse event, which were mostly grade 1 or 2. The most common treatment-related adverse events were rash (89 [56%]), increased alanine aminotransferase concentrations (74 [46%]), and increased aspartate aminotransferase concentrations (65 [41%])., Interpretation: Ensartinib has activity and is well tolerated in patients with crizotinib-refractory, ALK-positive NSCLC, including those with brain metastases. The role of ensartinib in patients in whom other second-generation ALK inhibitors have been unsuccessful warrants further studies., Funding: Betta Pharmaceuticals., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Our aim is to examine the associations between long working hours and depression and mental well-being among the working population in Shanghai, as well as to identify the impact of having hobbies on these relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, with depression assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and mental well-being assessed by the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. The phenomenon of long working hours (69.3%) was quite common among employees in Shanghai, and the rate of working over 60 h was 19.3%. Those who worked over 60 h had the highest prevalence of poorer mental health compared with individuals working ≤40 h per week. After adjustment in the logistic regression model, those who reported weekly working time over 60 h were 1.40 (95%CI: 1.03-1.90) and 1.66 (95%CI: 1.26-2.18) times more likely to have depression and poor mental well-being (PMWB), respectively. Adjusted ORs for having hobbies were 0.78 (95%CI: 0.62-0.97) and 0.62 (95%CI: 0.51-0.75), respectively. Meanwhile, having hobbies could significantly lower the mean score on the PHQ-9 and elevate the mean score on the WHO-5 in each working time group, with no interaction effect. Long working hours could have a significantly negative impact on workers' psychological health. Importantly, having hobbies in their daily lives might help to mitigate the adverse effects of long working hours on workers' depression and mental well-being.

Background: Migrant workers worldwide commonly are susceptible to mental disorders. Since the 1980s, there has been a large-scale increase in the number of migrant workers in China; this development parallels the acceleration of socio-economic transformation. Studies addressing this population rarely focus on workers' mental health or psychological well-being, yet it is imperative to understand the mental health status of rural-to-urban migrant workers and study the relationship between migration and mental health., Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 3286 participants (response rate 85.4%) was conducted among different work units in Shanghai. All of the variables of this survey were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire, with depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and poor mental health (PMH) measured by the World Health Organization 5-Item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression were used to compare migrants with urbanites, and to identify factors related to mental health outcomes., Results: Migrant workers (15.3%) had a slightly higher prevalence of depression than non-migrant (12.0%) workers, with notable PMH (26.9%) among participants >45 y of age. In the logistic regression models, those who reported low job satisfaction, unhealthy organizations, poor physical health (self-rated) and long working hours were 2.86 (95% CI 2.14 to 3.84), 1.42 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.91), 1.89 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.55) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.03) times more likely to have depression, respectively. Similarly, workers >45 y of age were 2.92 (95% CI 1.65 to 5.16) and 1.80 (95% CI 1.01 to 3.21) times more likely to have PMH for low job satisfaction and unhealthy organizations, respectively., Conclusions: There are numerous potential causes affecting the mental health of Chinese internal migrant workers. Strengthening the construction of healthy organizations and enhancing workers' job satisfaction may improve the mental health status or psychological well-being of this group., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)