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Background: Pruritus, or itch, is a prevalent symptom causing profound health burden in many dermatological and non-dermatological disorders. Several itch questionnaires have been created to assess itch. Particularly, Eppendorf Itch Questionnaire (EIQ) is widely accepted since it encompasses various aspects of itch, including intensity, affects, coping behavior, and motivation to scratch., Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, we examined the validity, reliability and clinical utility of Traditional Chinese EIQ., Results: We administered the consensus version to 128 adults (median: 48.5 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 39-63) with active itch for more than 6 weeks at the Outpatient Clinics of three medical centers in Taiwan. Clinical diagnoses included psoriasis (N = 82), xerosis (N = 34), or other dermatitis (N = 12). Cronbach's alpha for each EIQ scale ranged 0.82-0.98, suggesting good to excellent internal consistency and reliability. Three EIQ scales significantly correlated with visual analogue scale (VAS) for itch intensity (P ≤ 0.001 for median test), supporting for its concurrent validity. None of EIQ scale was statistically correlated with Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores in psoriasis patients, confirming its discriminant validity. Moreover, patients of different diagnoses had distinct responses to the multi-scale EIQ index, affording it a better clinical test (area-under-the-ROC curve [AUC]: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.90) than VAS alone (AUC: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.24-0.59) in distinguishing dermatitis/eczema-related itch from psoriasis or xerosis-related itch., Conclusion: We demonstrated the reliability and validity of Chinese EIQ in adult patients with chronic itch at the outpatient setting. The study also revealed the diversified aspects of itch across patients with various dermatoses., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to compare the dilemmas of using organs from prisoners with death penalties (PDP) from the perspectives of organ transplant health professionals (OTHP) from Taiwan (TW) and Mainland China (MC)., Materials and Methods: A purposive sample including TW's OTHP (including transplant surgeons, nurses, researchers, social workers, and medical religious and legal experts), and MC's OTHP (including surgeons and nurses) was obtained in this qualitative research. TW's subjects received face-to-face interviews, and MC's subjects received telephone interviews due to limited communication opportunities. Data were analyzed by content analysis., Results: A total of 105 subjects participated in this project (TW n = 99, MC n = 6). They were surgeons (n = 18: TW n = 14, MC n = 4), registered nurses (n = 42: TW n = 40, MC n = 2), OT coordinating nurses (n = 10 TW), OT researchers (n = 5 TW), social workers (n = 10 TW), medical religious experts (n = 15 TW), and medical legal experts (n = 5 TW). The following 8 ethical dilemmas were reported: (1) questionable legitimacy of PDP motivation (TW 100%, MC 100%); (2) recipients' worries about public discrimination (TW 89%, MC 50%); (3) difficulties in approaching PDP (TW 100%); (4) hesitation of HP and volunteers in helping PDP (TW 37%); (5) questionable social contribution of PDP as donor sources (TW 32%); (6) complex legal details of PDP issues (TW 26%); (7) potential threat from PDP families (TW 23%); and (8) difficulties in helping PDP families cope with post-organ donation syndrome (TW 11%)., Conclusions: Five suggestions were developed in managing these challenges: (1) TW OTHP may empower their basic social science knowledge and empirical competence; (2) TW government may form a task force wherein OTHP leaders are encouraged to foster interdisciplinary collaborations with the public within short-, mid-, and long-term time frames; (3) TW and MC may establish evidence-based center(s) to provide systematic literature reviews for clinical guidance, policy making, and educational resources; (4) TW and MC may try to improve the quality of PDP organ harvesting and donation practice in jails/health institutes; and (5) TW and MC may develop reliable communication systems to share experiences of quality care for PDP, and to evaluate the appraisals both pro and con from multidisciplinary societies and the public, if available.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the perspectives of leading ethical issues related to organ transplantation as perceived by health professionals (HP), legal professionals (LP), and religious experts (RE) from Taiwan (TW) and Mainland China (MC)., Materials and Methods: A purposive sample including TW's organ transplant health professionals (OTHP), LP, and RE and MC's HP was obtained in this qualitative research. Data were analyzed by content analysis., Results: A total of 127 subjects participated in this project (n = 119 in TW, 8 in MC). They were HP (n = 92), RE (n = 25 TW), and LP (n = 10 TW). Seven ethical dilemmas were reported: (1) difficulties in touching the hearts of the public (HP 100%, LP 100%, RE 100%); (2) challenges in helping donors and their families (HP 96%, RE 80%, LP 50%); (3) competence and availability of HP (HP 93%, RE 72%, LP 50%); (4) questionable social farewell (HP 92%, RE 20%, LP 100%); (5) questionable legitimacy of prisoners' motivations (LP 90%, RE 64%, HP 60%); (6) worry about public discrimination (LP 90%, HP 50%, RE 20%); and (7) challenges to families in taking care of the recipients (HP 87%, LP 70%, RE 52%)., Conclusions: To provide holistic care, HP need to invite RE to provide spiritual support for the donors of cadaveric organs, recipients, and their families. Reliable LP can help them to complete the sophisticated legal procedures. With help from this triangulated collaborative team, the value of organ transplantation will be appreciated by the public.