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Currently, studies on vegetation are limited to absolute temperature changes, with insufficient attention directed to the intricate and complex connections between relative temperature (Tr) changes and vegetation productivity. This study analyzed the impact of Tr change on vegetation growth by estimating the effects of temperature change, CO 2 levels, and precipitation on the vegetation index. The analysis used changes in temperature ordination as a sign of Tr change and employed ridge regression analysis, trend analysis, correlation analysis, and contribution methods. The results indicated that the mean trend of Tr change in China was negative, suggesting that the rate of Tr decreased as compared to the rate of Tr increase, leading to most regions in China becoming relatively colder. Regions experiencing a decrease in Tr were more favorable to vegetation growth due to stable temperatures, while regions with increasing Tr faced intensified water stress and inhibitory effects on vegetation, except in cold regions with sufficient precipitation. Overall, Tr in China had a beneficial impact on the vegetation index, with a lesser effect compared to CO 2 and precipitation, but more than temperature, highlighting the significance of Tr in promoting vegetation growth. This study expanded the understanding of the impact of global warming on vegetation by incorporating the novel idea of Tr change and quantifying its consequences for vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming can affect vegetation growth, while the tempo-spatial responses of vegetation to climate change remain largely unclear. In this study, we selected China as the study area, and we equally divided the time span into two periods (2001–2009 and 2010–2017). We examined the vegetation indicators, including NIR V , SIF, and GPP, using correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and contribution calculation. The results showed that climate warming overall promoted vegetation growth during the two periods, and vegetation growth showed no acclimation response to climate warming. The effects of climate warming on vegetation growth showed great spatial heterogeneities, with a promoting effect in the southern part of the eastern monsoon region and the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet region, while this effect was not obvious in the arid and semiarid regions of northwest China and the western part of the Qinghai-Tibet region. We argue that the promoting or suppressing effects of climate warming on vegetation are mainly regulated by water availability. Our findings showed the relative persistent effects of climate warming on vegetation growth, and the effects are largely determined by water availability. The results highlight the importance of water availability in vegetation growth under future climate warming scenarios. • Effects of warming on vegetation growth have great spatial heterogeneities in China. • Climate warming largely promted vegetation growth in China during 2001-2007. • The promoting and inhibiting effects of global warming on vegetation were regulated by water availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II (CATIS-2) suggests that early antihypertensive treatment did not reduce the risk of dependency or death in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), compared with delayed treatment. Single subcortical infarction (SSI) is an important stroke subtype, and the association of antihypertensive timing with clinical outcomes is unclear., Objective: To investigate the association of early vs delayed antihypertensive treatment with clinical outcomes in patients with SSI, stratified by the presence of parent artery disease (PAD) stenosis., Design, Setting, and Participants: This secondary analysis of the CATIS-2 randomized clinical trial included 106 hospitals in China between June 2018 and July 2022. In CATIS-2, patients with AIS within 24 to 48 hours of symptoms onset and elevated systolic blood pressure were eligible. Patients with SSI detected in diffusion-weighted imaging were included in the current post hoc subgroup analysis. Patients were grouped into (1) SSI with PAD stenosis and (2) SSI without PAD stenosis. Statistical analysis was performed from July 2023 to May 2024., Exposures: Early (immediate) vs delayed (starting on day 8) antihypertensive therapy., Main Outcome and Measure: Primary outcome was the combination of functional dependency or death (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 90 days., Results: Among 997 patients with SSI in CATIS-2 (mean [SD] age, 62.4 [9.8] years; 612 [61.4%] men), 116 (11.6%) had SSI with PAD and 881 (88.4%) had SSI without PAD. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between early and delayed antihypertensive treatment groups among all patients with SSI (8.8% vs 7.1%; OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.79-1.99]; P = .34). Among patients with SSI with PAD, early antihypertensive treatment was associated with increased risk of the primary outcome compared with delayed treatment (23.4% vs 7.7%; OR, 3.67 [95% CI, 1.14-11.86]; P = .03); this finding was not observed in patients with SSI without PAD (6.6% vs 7.1%; OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.55-1.57]; P = .77). Significant interaction with treatment and presence of PAD stenosis was detected for the primary outcome (P for interaction = .04)., Conclusions and Relevance: In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, early antihypertensive treatment was associated with an increased risk of functional dependency or death at 90 days among patients with SSI and coexisting PAD stenosis, compared with delayed antihypertensive treatment. Further studies are warranted for individualized BP management in patients with SSI by the presence of PAD., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03479554.

Background: China is one of the countries with the highest burden of stroke. Implementing multidimensional management guidelines will help clinicians practise evidence-based care, improve patient outcomes and alleviate societal burdens. This update of the 2019 edition will provide the latest comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases., Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on MEDLINE (via PubMed) up to 31 August 2023. The writing team established the recommendations through multiple rounds of online and offline discussions. Each recommendation was graded using the evidence grading algorithm developed by the Chinese Stroke Association (CSA). The draft was reviewed and finalised by the CSA Stroke Guidelines Writing Committee., Results: This update included revisions of 15 existing recommendations and 136 new recommendations in the following areas of stroke care: emergency assessment and diagnosis of ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, acute-phase reperfusion therapy, evaluation of underlying mechanisms, antithrombotic therapy, prevention and treatment of complications, and risk factor management., Conclusions: This guideline updated the recommendations for the clinical management of ischaemic cerebrovascular disease from 2019., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Backgrounds: Increased blood pressure (BP) for patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke is associated with poor functional outcome, however the optimal timing of antihypertensive therapy is unknown., Aims: We aim to compare early antihypertensive treatment to delayed antihypertensive treatment for reducing the risk of composite major disability and mortality at 3 months in acute ischaemic stroke., Design: The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II (CATIS-2) trial is a multicentre, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial that will be conducted in 100 hospitals in China. The primary outcome is the composite of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months of randomisation. Antihypertensive treatment will be received immediately after randomisation in the early treatment group, aimed at average systolic BP by 10%-20% reduction within the first 24 hours, and achieving an average BP level of <140/90 mm Hg within 5 days. Patients in the delayed treatment group will discontinue any antihypertension medications for the first 7 days of randomisation, and will receive antihypertensive therapy achieving a BP goal of <140/90 mm Hg after 7 days., Conclusion: The CATIS-2 trial will be testing the hypotheses that early BP lowering leads to improved functional outcome without any other harms, and developing clinical guidelines of the BP management for patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke., Trial Registration Number: NCT03479554., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Aim: Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death in China. Ischaemic stroke accounts for about 60%-80% of all strokes. It is of considerable significance to carry out multidimensional management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases. This evidence-based guideline aims to provide the latest detailed and comprehensive recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and secondary prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases., Methods: We had performed comprehensive searches of MEDLINE (via PubMed) (before 30 June 2019), and integrated the relevant information into charts and distributed to the writing group. Writing group members discussed and determined the recommendations through teleconference. We used the level of evidence grading algorithm of Chinese Stroke Association to grade each recommendation. The draft was reviewed by the Guideline Writing Committee of Chinese Stroke Association Stroke and finalised. This guideline is fully updated every 3 years., Results: This evidence-based guideline is based on the treatment, care and prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases, which emphasises on pathogenesis evaluation, intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular therapy, antiplatelet therapy, prevention and treatment of complications, and risk factor management., Conclusions: This updated guideline presents a framework for the management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases. Timely first-aid measures, professional care in the acute stage, and proactive secondary prevention will be helpful to patients., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)