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The Qarhan Salt Lake is the largest brine lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), which contains some potentially toxic elements (PTEs) due to the increase of human activities. This study endeavor encompassed the collection of 62 sediment samples from eight rivers that recharge the Qarhan Salt Lake, and the measurement of seven PTEs' concentrations (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn). Results indicated that the concentrations of most PTEs were lower than their local soil background values, except for Hg and Cd, which surpassed the background contents by 6.8 and 1.1 times, respectively. The I geo and PLI outcomes demonstrated a relatively low level of Hg contamination. Hg was the most hazardous elements with the mean ecological risk factor of 273.88. The Hazard Index (HI) values for PTEs were computed at 0.20 and 0.46 for adults and children, respectively, indicating that neither group was at a non-carcinogenic risk. Through the utilization of source identification methods, this study identified three predominant sources responsible for PTEs in the area: natural geogenic sources, anthropogenic sources and atmospheric deposition inputs. The findings of this study provide a robust scientific foundation for the management of the ecological environment security of rivers in the QTP. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deterioration of water resources has been recognized as an urgent environmental problem due to population growth, industrialization, urbanization and agricultural activities, where water quality assessment is the basis for forward-looking decisions on water quality management. In this study, the Nemerow index method, traditional fuzzy mathematics and improved fuzzy mathematics methods were applied to assess the water quality of the Liao River based on twenty-three water quality parameters. The results revealed that most monitoring stations in the study area were moderately polluted. The improved fuzzy mathematics method gives more appropriate than the other two methods in water quality assessment. The self-organizing map (SOM) results suggested that chemical oxygen demand (COD Cr) significantly affects water quality. The human health risk model was applied to calculate hazard indices (HI) to assess human health risks, indicating that the health risk of the Liao River caused by heavy metals was within an acceptable limit and did not pose a significant human health risk in the study area. Meanwhile, the health risk caused by heavy metals to children was higher than in adults. The results of the present study could provide new insights into water quality assessment, risk warning and public health protection in typical urbanized watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the associations between weekly alcohol consumption and the risk and surgical outcome of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS). Design: A case–control study. Setting and Participants: The study population consisted of 1095 CRS patients and 909 healthy collected from the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2018 and December 2019. Main Outcome Measures: Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to estimate the association of alcohol consumption with the risk and surgical outcomes of CRS. Odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated separately. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Results: As compared with nondrinkers, the multivariable‐adjusted OR (95% CI) values of current drinkers consuming 7.5–22 drinks and >22 drinks per week were 2.158 (1.249–3.729) and 5.373 (2.912–9.911), respectively. The rate of mucosal epithelialization after CRS surgery for patients who drank 7.5–22 drinks and >22 drinks per week was lower than that of nondrinkers [HR (95% CI) = 0.487 (0.351–0.675) and 0.252 (0.184–0.346), respectively]. The association of alcohol consumption with the risk and surgical outcome of CRS was dose dependent (p <.01). Alcohol consumption increased the risk of CRS and extended the time of mucosal epithelialization after CRS surgery by possibly increasing serum IgE levels (p <.05). Conclusion: Higher alcohol consumption of >7.5 drinks per week was an independent risk factor for CRS and extended the time of mucosal epithelialization after surgery. As a potential underlying mechanism, alcohol consumption increases serum IgE levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping of lithological units is a significant challenge for geological tasks. Stream sediment geochemical survey data contain abundant geological information that can help delineate lithological units. In this study, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to map the lithological units in the Daqiao gold District, West Qinling Orogen, China, based on stream sediment geochemical data, in which each sample includes the concentrations of 15 trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mo, Sn, W, Mn, Ba, As, Sb, Bi, Cd, Au, and Hg). The training samples were firstly constructed with a certain window size by randomly selecting locations within each lithological unit. A CNN model was then established based on AlexNet to classify the lithologic categories. The classification map showed that 7 lithological units were correctly distinguished with an overall classification accuracy of 90.0%, suggesting that (1) stream sediment geochemical survey data of only trace element concentrations are useful for lithological mapping, and (2) a CNN can extract effectively geochemical characteristics from geochemical survey data. This study confirms the potential of a CNN as an effective method for geological mapping based on geochemical survey data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Chronic sinusitis (CRS) was a chronic inflammation that originated in the nasal mucosa and affected the health of most people around the world. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) was one kind of chronic sinusitis. Emerging research had suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) played vital parts in inflammatories and inflammation development. Methods. We acquired GEO data to analyze the differential expression between the miRNA, immune genes, TF, and lncRNA data in CRSWNP and the corresponding control tissues. Bioinformatic analysis by coexpression of endogenous RNA network and competitive way enrichment, analysis, and forecasting functions of these noncoding RNA. The different pathway expressions in CRSwNP patients were confirmed using GSVA to analyze the differentially expressed immune genes and TF data sets in CRSwNP patients. The differential immune gene and transcription factor data set in CRSwNP perform functional notes and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network structure. We predicted the potential genes and RNAs related to CRSWNP by constructing a ceRNA network. In addition, we also used 19 hub immune genes to predict the potential drugs of CRSWNP. lncRNA biomarkers in CRSwNP were identified by lncRNAs LASSO regression. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to contrast the divergence in immune infiltrations between CRSwNP and usual inferior turbinate organizations in 22 immunocyte subgroups. Results. We identified a total of 48 miRNAs, 304 lncRNAs, 92 TFs, and 525 immune genes as CRSwNP-specific RNAs. GO and KEGG pathways both analyzed differentially expressed immune genes and transcription factor data sets. We predicted the potential genes GNG7, TUSC8, LINC01198, and has-miR-6776-5p by constructing ceRNA and PPI networks. At the same time, we found that the above genes were involved in two important pathways: chemokine signal path and PI3K/AKT signal path. In addition, we predicted 5 small molecule drugs to treat CRSwNP by analyzing 19 central immune genes, namely, danazol, ikarugamycin, semustine, cefamandole, and molindone. Finally, we identified 5 biomarkers in CRSwNP, namely, LINC01198, LINC01094, LINC01798, LINC01829, and LINC01320. Conclusions. We had identified CRSwNP-related miRNAs, lncRNAs, TFs, and immune genes, which may be making use of latent therapeutic target for CRSwNP. At the same time, we identified 5 lncRNA biomarkers in CRSwNP. The results of this study showed that LINC01198 promoted the progression of CRSwNPs through spongy miR-6776-5p. Our studies provide a new way for further analyses of the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out to examine the pollution characteristics, ecological risk, and origins of seven heavy metals (Hg, As, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni) in 51 sediment samples gathered from 8 rivers located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China. The contents of Hg and Cd were 5.0 and 1.1 times higher than their background values, respectively. The mean levels of other measured heavy metals were below those found naturally in the local soil. The enrichment factor showed that the study area exhibited significantly enriched Hg with 70.6% sampling sites. The Cd contents at 19.6% of sampling sites were moderately enriched. The other sampling sites were at a less enriched level. The sediments of all the rivers had a medium level of potential ecological risk. Hg was the major ecological risk factor in all sampling sites, followed by Cd. The findings from the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis shown agricultural activities, industrial activities, traffic emissions, and parent material were the major sources. The upper, middle, and low reaches of the Quanji river had different Hg isotope compositions, while sediments near the middle reaches were similar to the δ202Hg of the industrial source. At the upstream sampling sites, the Hg isotope content was very close to the background level. The results of this research can establish a strong scientific sound to improve the safety of the natural circumstances of rivers on the QTP. • Accumulation of heavy metals in river sediments of QTP was observed. • Mercury was the main pollution element in river sediments. • The sediments of all rivers were at medium potential ecological risk. • The source identification of heavy metals was studied using PMF and Hg isotope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horseshoe crabs, the most well‐known example of "living fossils", are iconic and ecologically important macroinvertebrates in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Their blood is a crucial resource for manufacturing Limulus or Tachypleus amebocyte lysate to detect bacterial endotoxins or fungal contamination in drug and medical devices. An enhanced understanding of their ecological roles and trophic interactions in the food webs is fundamental to facilitate resource management for the declining populations in Asia. Foraging information of the Asian species, however, is mainly derived from preliminary, scattered reports from a limited number of study locations. In this study, resource utilization, trophic niche dynamics, and trophic interaction of the juvenile tri‐spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus (instars 1–12, approximately 0.5–8 years old) across ontogeny was assessed in diversified nursery habitats along the northern Beibu Gulf, China, using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Our results suggest that: (i) T. tridentatus are ecological generalists given the vast range of carbon isotopic values and trophic niche width estimates exhibited between multiple instar groups; (ii) juvenile T. tridentatus across most habitat types predominantly assimilated energy from a variety of basal production sources in the food web, but primarily depended on sedimentary organic matter and seagrass resource pools; (iii) ontogenetic shifts in juvenile dietary proportions were evident, with decreased reliance on sedimentary organic matter, coupled with increased reliance on benthic macroinvertebrate grazers, detritivores, and omnivores with age; and (iv) nearly all juvenile instars occupied similar trophic positions in the food web with slight shifts in trophic position present with increasing size. Our findings indicate that resource availability and ontogenetic diet shifts strongly influence horseshoe crab trophic dynamics, and age should be accounted when formulating habitat conservation measures based on resource use for Asian horseshoe crabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human diet has been considered to be the main source of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) intake, but only a few risk assessments for PFASs alternatives and isomers with persistent and bioaccumulative properties were available. Hence, the concentrations and human exposure of 10 linear PFASs, 8 branched PFASs and 4 alternatives were characterised in animal-origin and vegetable dietary food samples consumed by Beijing residents of China. Linear-PFASs were commonly found in fish, while PFBS was mainly found in vegetables. PFASs alternative 6:2Cl-PFESA was mainly detected in freshwater and marine fish, with a mean level of 223 and 158 pg/g ww, respectively. In addition, br-PFOA and br-PFOS were only detected in pork liver and fish samples. The EDI∑PFOA and EDI∑PFOS values were far below the tolerable weekly intake as recommended by EFSA in 2018. However, the occurrence and exposure of PFAS alternatives suggested that the risk of these contaminants should be further evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification, protection and enhancement of essential habitats are priority issues for management and restoration of exploited species. The shores utilized by Asian horseshoe crabs as nurseries were surveyed and the coastal habitat characteristics were described in the northern Beibu Gulf of China. Regression models were applied to explore species‐habitat relationships.Fourteen and ten nursery sites were identified for Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda populations, respectively. Xiacun and Jinhaiwan in the eastern region of the northern Beibu Gulf were the essential nurseries for T. tridentatus, whereas Shanxin and Jiaodong in the western part were the primary nursery shores for C. rotundicauda. These shores supported high densities (4–6 individuals/100 m2) of juvenile horseshoe crab populations.Mangrove and seagrass coverage area, coupled with sediment physico‐chemical parameters, particularly grain size, and the environmental heterogeneity of nursery habitats explained the distribution pattern of juvenile populations. Most juvenile populations were found along the outer fringe of mangroves in the small shallow estuary, particularly near outflows of tidal creeks with generally higher chlorophyll a and organic carbon contents. The distribution of high‐density juvenile populations of both species also overlapped with areas of seagrass patches.These findings highlight the importance of mangroves and seagrasses in the nursery habitat use of Asian horseshoe crabs. Preserving the estuarine habitats with these vegetation types and identifying the high‐use nursery sites should be prioritised in China and other Asian places to conserve the declining Asian horseshoe crab populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overharvesting Asian horseshoe crabs for food is a primary threat to their populations. In the present study, 451 residents were interviewed from the northern Beibu Gulf, the coastal area that is believed to accommodate the highest density of the Chinese horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus worldwide, to obtain baseline information on their consumption behaviour and underlying drivers.Based on the survey data, it is estimated that a mean individual consumption rate of ten meals per year. Nearly half of the respondents (49.7%) claimed that they had previously eaten at least two horseshoe crab meals.Among the six occupation categories (managers, professionals, workers, environmental‐related workers, fishers and farmers, and students), fishers and farmers were identified as the group that had eaten a significantly higher number of horseshoe crab meals, had consumed them more frequently, and had a greater intention of eating them than that of students. The age, education level, and salary of participants were the important socio‐demographic variables related to their consumption behaviour. More than one‐third of respondents decided to consume horseshoe crabs because they perceived them as tasty 'seafood' and valuable ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.Eighty‐three per cent of participants reported an overall decrease in the number of horseshoe crabs in the region.Although the community was supportive towards horseshoe crab conservation, their ecological knowledge of horseshoe crabs was limited. The findings may be useful for providing insights to merge the gap between scientific data and management planning for the horseshoe crab population in the region. Conservation management initiatives, such as the involvement of fishers in monitoring and enforcement, developing a reporting system for landings and by‐catch, and implementing long‐term conservation education through the school curriculum could promote the protection and management of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urbanized river networks are strongly influenced by intensive land use, industrial activities and population density. The spatial variations and their influencing factors of 16 priority PAHs were investigated in surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments among areas under different intensive land uses (industrial areas, agricultural areas, inner city, suburban towns and island areas) in the Shanghai river network, East China. Source apportionment was carried out using isomer ratios of PAHs and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 105.2 to 400.5 ng/L, 108.1 to 1058.8 ng/L and 104.4 to 19,480.0 ng/g in water, SPM and sediments, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs in SPM and sediments varied significantly among areas ( p  < 0.05), with the highest concentrations in inner city characterized by highly intensive land use and high population density. The PAH concentrations in sediments were positively correlated with those in SPM and were more strongly correlated with black carbon than with total organic carbon, indicating a stronger influence of prolonged anthropogenic contamination than the recent surface input in sediments. Biomass and coal combustion contributed strongly to total PAHs, followed by natural gas combustion in water and SPM, and vehicular emissions in sediments. Vehicular emissions were the strongest contributors in SPM and sediments of the inner city, indicating the strong influence of vehicular transportation to PAHs pollution in the urbanized river network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduced mangroves are widely used to restore mangrove ecosystems in South China. Results of potential impacts on indicative benthic macroinvertebrates are divergent. We explored the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in the mangrove ecosystem of northern Beibu Gulf, China across four habitats: native Avicennia marina mangrove, introduced Laguncularia racemosa mangrove, native-introduced mixed mangrove, and unvegetated intertidal flat. Based on the Hill number, community structure was estimated from the dimensions of estimated species richness, diversity, evenness, and species composition similarity. Benthic macroinvertebrates in the unvegetated flat significantly differed from the other three assemblages in mangroves; introduced L. racemosa mangrove had relatively distinct benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage from the native A. marina and the mixed mangroves, with lower species richness and similarity but higher diversity and evenness. Considering the lack of unanimous conclusion of potential impact on benthic macroinvertebrates under complex species interactions, native mangroves should be of top priority in ecosystem restoration. • Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates among distinct habitats is shown. • The Hill number based estimates for taxonomic diversity are presented. • Introduced mangroves had lower species richness, but higher diversity and evenness. • Unvegetated flat had lower species richness, diversity, evenness, and similarity. • Native mangroves should be used under unknown species interactions in communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of land use type on the content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the associated ecological and human health risks has drawn great attention. Consequently, in this study, top- and subsurface soil samples were collected from areas with four different land uses (i.e., cropland, forest, grassland, and developed area) and the total contents of Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined. Geostatistical analysis, self-organizing map (SOM), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), ecological risk assessment (ERA) and human health risk assessment (HRA) were applied and used to classify and identify the contamination sources and assess the potential risk. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was applied to clarify the relationship of land use with PTE contents and risk. The PTE contents in all topsoil samples surpassed the respective background concentrations of China and corresponding subsurface concentrations. However, the ecological risk of all soil samples remained at a moderate or considerable level across the four land use types. Developed area and cropland showed a higher ecological risk than the other two land use types. Industrial discharges (32.8%), agricultural inputs (22.6%), natural sources (23.7%), and traffic emissions (20.9%) were the primary PTE sources in the tested soils, which indicate that anthropogenic activities have significantly affected soil PTE contents to a greater extent than other sources. Industrial discharge was the most prominent source of non-carcinogenic health risk, contributing 37.7% for adults and 35.2% for children of the total risk. The results of PLS-PM revealed that land use change associated with intensive human activities such as industrial activities and agricultural practices distinctly affected the PTE contents in soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [Display omitted] • Most samples from developed area and cropland posed a moderate ecological risk. •Industrial discharge was the prominent source of non-carcinogenic health risk. •Intensive human activities affected PTE contents in soils of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Capsule : The land use change associated with intensive human disturbance affected the soil PTEs accumulation, ecological risk and human health risk in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and environmental pollution are aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government becomes to realize that it is necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, remanufacturing will be an effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and then it points out several barriers, such as restrictive policies and regulations, consumer acceptance, scarcity of technologies, etc. Like many other developed countries, Chinese remanufacturing industry will also experience the primary stage, growth stage and developed stage. while the emphasis of resources input will not be the same. By analyzing the resources input characteristics at different development stages, three development patterns, such as the Government Incenting Pattern, Technology Driving Pattern and Market Leading Pattern, are put forward. At present, the cooperation of the government, industry, universities and research institutes, etc, will jointly construct the enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Finally, it concludes with a summary and some suggestions in the field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Microemulsion based on α-linolenic acid from peony seed oil was developed. • Industrial rheological parameters for microemulsion were obtained. • The storage stability of microemulsion products was investigated. • The α-linolenic acid-loaded microemulsion showed good thermal stability. Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) seed oil (PSO) has been identified as novel resources of α-linolenic acid (ALA) in China. In this study, fatty acid mixture (FAM) and ALA were obtained during the extraction of ALA from PSO by freezing crystallization and column chromatography. The oil-in-water microemulsion (ME) was selected as the delivery system to strengthen the stability of unsaturated bonds and improve the solubility of those lipophilic fatty acids. The ME samples were characterized by particle size measurement, transmission electron microscope (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and rheological measurement, and their stability was evaluated and compared by 60 days of storage and pasteurization heat treatment methods. The stability of the three ME samples was found to be ALA-ME > FAM-ME > PSO-ME due to the increased molecular weight and complex structure of the load. The ALA-ME system sustained a stable particle size (< 20 nm) and an optically transparent appearance irrespective of different experimental storage conditions (4℃, 25℃, and 37℃) or sterilization heat treatments, indicating its potential industrial application in cosmetics, medicine, food, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Niubiziliang Ni-(Cu) deposit is the first magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the North Qaidam Orogenic Belt (NQOB), NW China, and plays a significant role in geological evolution, Ni-Cu mineralization, and exploration in the NQOB. Here, we report on the mineral chemistry, S-Pb-O isotopes, and S/Se ratios of the mafic-ultramafic complex, which provide insights on the parental magma, evolution, and sulfur saturation mechanism. The Niubiziliang mafic-ultramafic intrusion contains four ore blocks and about ten Ni-(Cu) ore/mineralization bodies. Olivines in Niubiziliang belong to the species of chrysolite with Fo values of 88~89, and the pyroxenes are mainly orthopyroxene (En = 79~82) and clinopyroxene (En = 44~40). The olivines and some pyroxenes likely crystallized in a magma chamber at a depth of 35.45~36.55 km at a high temperature (1289~1369 °C) and pressure (9.38~9.67 kbar), whereas the Niubiziliang complex formed at a moderate depth (8.13~8.70 km) with a temperature and pressure of 1159~1253 °C and 2.15~2.30 kbar, respectively. The parental magma was considered to be high-Mg picritic basalt with MgO and NiO contents of 14.95~16.58% and 0.053~0.068%, respectively, which indicated high-degree partial melting of the depleted mantle. The mantle-derived primary magma underwent significant fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation and contamination, which was strongly supported by S-Pb-O isotope data and S/Se ratios, resulting in sulfur saturation and sulfide immiscibility in the magma. Crustal assimilation and contamination contributed more to sulfur saturation than fractional crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qingzhuan tea (QZT) is classified as compressed dark tea and has been an essential daily commodity for ethnic minority communities in China's border areas. It boasts unique flavor characteristics and health benefits, captivating the attention of consumers both domestically and internationally. However, the QZT industry's historical closed nature and lengthy processing cycle have impeded a comprehensive scientific understanding and evaluation of this tea, as well as hindered the overall healthy development of the industry. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on QZT, covering defluoridation techniques, processing technology, flavor characteristics, chemical composition, microbial communities, health benefits, and their underlying mechanisms. A technology system aimed at reducing fluoride levels in tea, known as "appropriate fertilization-selection of low-fluorine tea tree varieties-control of raw material tenderness and growing period," has been proposed. Through the implementation of specific processing techniques, QZT exhibiting an orange-red infusion color, a mellow taste, and an aged aroma. During the key pile fermentation process, microorganisms release extracellular enzymes that initiate enzymatic and moist heat reactions, resulting in oxidation, hydrolysis, polymerization, and secondary metabolic conversions. These reactions serve as the underlying foundation for the distinctive sensory attributes of QZT. The regulation of microorganisms plays a vital role in attaining the desired flavor of QZT. Moreover, QZT encompasses a diverse array of bioactive constituents, which offer numerous health advantages such as antioxidative properties, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects, modulation of the intestinal microbiota, and alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver. • A systematic approach to reduce fluoride in tea is proposed. • Specific techniques are used to create Qingzhuan tea (QZT) with vibrant color, taste and aroma. • The role of microorganisms in developing QZT's sensory traits is revealed. • Diverse bioactive compounds in QZT for health benefits are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Healthy Ageing focuses on optimizing intrinsic capacity and functional ability. • Intrinsic capacity predicts adverse outcomes better than frailty in the elderly. • Personalized care plan on intrinsic capacity can meet old adults' complex need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is the source for many of the most important rivers in Asia. It is also an essential ecological barrier in China and has the characteristic of regional water conservation. Given this importance, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and trends of 10 water quality parameters. These measurements were taken monthly from 67 monitoring stations in the northeastern QTP from 2015 to 2019. To evaluate water quality trends, major factors influencing water quality, and water quality risks, we used a series of analytical approaches including Mann-Kendall test, Boruta algorithm, and interval fuzzy number-based set-pair analysis (IFN-SPA). The results revealed that almost all water monitoring stations in the northeastern QTP were alkaline. From 2015 to 2019, the water temperature and dissolved oxygen of most monitoring stations were significantly reduced. Chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, and fluoride all showed a downward trend across this same time frame. The annual average total nitrogen (TN) concentration fluctuation did not significantly decrease across the measured time frame. Water quality index (WQI-DET) indicated bad or poor water quality in the study area; however, water quality index without TN (WQI-DET') reversed the water quality value. The difference between the two indexes suggested that TN was a significant parameter affecting river water quality in the northeastern QTP. Both Spearman correlation and Boruta algorithm show that elevation, urban land, cropland, temperature, and precipitation influence the overall water quality status in the northeastern QTP. The results showed that between 2015 and 2019, most rivers monitored had a relatively low risk of degradation in water quality. This study provides a new perspective on river water quality management, pollutant control, and risk assessment in an area like the QTP that has sensitive and fragile ecology., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Afforestation is an essential process of ecological restoration, landscape reconstruction, and environmental improvement. While large-scale plantations have restored the fragile ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, they have also changed local soil characteristics. A 30-year-old typical planted forest on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was selected to determine the long-term ecological effects of artificial forests on the soil in this study. Physicochemical soil characteristics at varying soil depths and relative soil parameters, such as element stoichiometry and growing stock, were quantified on the different plantations. This soil quality information was used to construct an MDS-SQI Model. Our findings revealed that soil TN, TK, TP, and AP content was higher than pre-afforestation baseline values, while SOC and pH values were lower. Amounts of soil nutrients SOC, TN, TP, TK, AP, and AK, were positively correlated in the artificial forests. The ratio of soil C/N was higher and ratios C/P and N/P were lower in poplar than the Chinese pine plantation. The soil quality index values calculated from the MDS model were 0.31 and 0.40 for poplar and Chinese pine plantations in the top 30 cm and 0.55 and 0.46 in the 100 cm depth, respectively, which indicated that the two plantations had low-quality soil. LiDAR satellite imagery was used to estimate a growing stock of 7723 m 3 and 435 m 3 in the poplar and Chinese pine plantations. The results suggest that the artificial forest improves soil properties overall but that different stand forests have discrete effects on the soil environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Vegetable consumption is a potential toxin exposure pathway for humans. Studies have recognized that vegetables can uptake organic contaminants via roots and translocate pollutants to their aerial parts. However, the aerial parts might also directly uptake polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils. This has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to explore the uptake and translocation of PAHs in contaminated soil-air-vegetable systems. Sixteen individual PAHs in contaminated soils, vegetable roots, and leaves were identified using GC-MS. The results showed that the average PAH concentrations both in roots and leaves from the reference soil, the moderately contaminated soil, and the heavily polluted soil increased as expected. PAHs with log K OW < 5 accumulated more easily in roots and leaves. Using a Pearson correlation analysis, isomer ratios, and a principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that the contaminated soil not only caused PAH accumulation in roots, but also increased the PAH concentration in leaves. Quantitatively, the absorption of PAHs in roots in the moderately contaminated soil (70.3 ng m -3 ) was approximately twice that of the reference soil (40.8 ng m -3 ). The PAHs absorbed by vegetable roots in the heavily polluted soil (74.7 ng m -3 ) was only slightly higher than that of the moderately polluted soil. In addition, the PAH dose volatilized into the air from the reference soil, the moderately contaminated soil, and the heavily polluted soil also showed an increasing trend. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that adult females had a higher cancer risk via vegetable consumption than other groups. Although vegetable consumption had a slight effect on cancer risk for some groups in the present study, the cancer risk of PAHs caused by eating vegetables grown in heavily contaminated soil still requires attention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

At present, many researchers are increasingly aware of the importance of using models to identify heavy metal (HM) pollution sources. However, on the performance and application of different source identification models to HMs under different land use types had been studied little. In this study, comparison of absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models and their application characteristics in identifying pollution sources were carried out by using 11 HMs in Zhongwei City farmland and Shizuishan industrial park, Ningxia. The results indicated that HM pollution in farmland mainly came from pesticides, fertilizers, and deposition of the Yellow River, while the pollution in industrial park mainly originated from atmospheric deposition and various industrial productions. The APCS-MLR model had the problem of less identification sources and the difficulty to explain the complex pollution, while the PMF model not only identified more pollution sources, but also distinguished heavy metal-related sources for two different land use types and different industrial production conditions. It is of great significance the formulation of agricultural-related pesticides' and chemical fertilizers' rational use and various industrial production-related raw materials put in and emission control strategies.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a major problem in Southern China. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) biomarkers have been widely used in NPC screening. This study aims to evaluate the early diagnostic performances of individual EBV biomarkers in NPC., Methods: The levels of EBV biomarkers-IgA antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1-IgA), EBV capsid antigen (VCA-IgA), EBV early antigen (EA-IgA), EBV BZLF1 transcription activator protein (Zta-IgA) and IgG antibodies against EBV BRLF1 transcription activator protein (Rta-IgG)-from 106 NPC patients (stage I and II) and 150 normal subjects were measured. VCA-IgA and EA-IgA were detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA), EBNA1-IgA, Rta-IgG and Zta-IgA were measure by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and EBV DNA was detected by qPCR. Statistical analyses of a single index were conducted to evaluate the significance of NPC early diagnosis and TNM classification., Results: The level of EBNA1-IgA, EBV DNA, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, Rta-IgG and Zta-IgA in early-stage NPC was significantly higher than in healthy controls (all P < 0.001). EBNA1-IgA yielded the biggest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.962 in distinguishing early-stage NPC patients from the normal subjects, with a sensitivity of 91.5% and a specificity of 98.7%. However, EBV biomarker levels were not associated with tumor size (all P > 0.050), whereas four biomarker levels (EBNA1-IgA, EBV DNA, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA) were related to lymph node metastasis (N0 and N1-2), among which EBNA1-IgA and EBV DNA showed good performance. Finally, high correlation was found between VCA-IgA and EA-IgA (r > 0.800)., Conclusion: A single EBNA1-IgA exhibits excellent discrimination performance in early diagnosis of NPC and could become a promising marker for NPC screening.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and every year approximately 950,000 individuals are diagnosed worldwide. Our study aimed to establish an effective nomogram to predict the prognosis of GC based on inflammation biomarkers., Methods: We retrospectively analysed GC patients from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. The nomogram was developed with a primary cohort (n = 1067), and 537 patients were included in the validation cohort. The univariate survival analyses included 19 biomarkers., Results: The multivariate analysis showed that tumour stage, metastasis stage and C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen-199 (CA199) levels as well as the lymphocyte (LYM) count were independent risk factors for the prognosis of GC patients. The nomogram was based on the above factors. In the primary cohort, the nomogram had a concordance index (C-index) of 0.825 (95% CI 0.796-0.854), which was higher than the C-index of the AJCC TNM stage and that of the other biomarkers (CEA and CA199). The calibration plot suggested good agreement between the actual and nomogram-predicted overall survival (OS) probabilities, and the decision curve analyses showed that the nomogram model had a higher overall net benefit in predicting OS than the AJCC TNM stage. Moreover, we divided the patients into the following three distinct risk groups for OS based on the nomogram points: low, middle and high risk. The differences in OS rates were significant among the subgroups (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: A novel nomogram integrated with inflammatory prognostic factors was proposed, which is highly predictive of OS in GC patients.

In recent years, with the frequent occurrences of heavy metal (HM) pollution in agriculture, the problem of HM pollution in farmland soil, especially in the areas irrigation by the Yellow River, has been attracted increasing attention because of the complex sources of pollution. Qualitative identification of pollution sources and quantification of their contributions to HMs in soil are the key links in the prevention and control of HM pollution. The contents of 11 heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) in the rhizosphere soil of the Ningxia irrigation area were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multiple methods were used for source identification, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis combined with multiple other analyses (single factor index method (Pi), coefficient of variation(CV), correlation analysis(CA), enrichment factor(EF), and principal component analysis(PCA)). The results showed that (1) the over-standard rates of As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, Sn, and Zn in the study area were 100%, of which Cd was seriously polluted, while As, Zn, and Sn were moderately polluted. (2) The HM contributions from irrigation and silt soil formed by the Yellow River sediment were the highest (42.45%), followed by the smelting industry and traffic pollution (16.06%). (3) The contribution of agricultural pollution to HMs in the region was 15.54%, in which As was mainly from pesticides and Cd was mainly from fertilizers.

In this study, we aimed to use the combined detection of multiple antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens to develop a model for screening and diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Samples of 300 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and 494 controls, including 294 healthy subjects (HC), 99 non-nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer patients (NNPC), and 101 patients with benign nasopharyngeal lesions (BNL), were incubated with the EUROLINE Anti-EBV Profile 2, and band intensities were used to establish a risk prediction model. The nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk probability analysis based on the panel of VCAgp125 IgA, EBNA-1 IgA, EA-D IgA, EBNA-1 IgG, EAD IgG, and VCAp19 IgG displayed the best performance. When using 26.1% as the cutoff point in ROC analysis, the AUC value and sensitivity/specificity were 0.951 and 90.7%/86.2%, respectively, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and all controls. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma and controls without the non-nasopharyngeal carcinoma and BNL groups, the AUC value and sensitivity/specificity were 0.957 and 90.7%/88.1%, respectively. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the EUROLINE Anti-EBV Profile 2 assay for both nasopharyngeal carcinoma and early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma were higher than that of mono-antibody detection by immune-enzymatic assay and real-time PCR (EBV DNA). In the VCA-IgA-negative group, 82.6% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients showed high probability for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the negative predictive value was 97.1%. In the VCA-IgA-positive group, 73.3% of healthy subjects showed low probability. The positive predictive value reached 98.2% in this group. The nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk probability value determined by the EUROLINE Anti-EBV Profile 2 might be a suitable tool for nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening. Cancer Prev Res; 10(9); 542-50. ©2017 AACR ., (©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Background: Mitochondrial DNA mutations may be associated with cardiovascular disease, including the common cardiac vascular disease, hypertension., Methods: In this study we performed segregation analysis and systematically evaluated the entire mitochondrial genome in nine maternally inherited hypertension probands from Chinese Han families. We also performed clinical, genetic and molecular characterization of 74 maternally inherited members from these families and 216 healthy controls., Results: In the maternally inherited members, 12 had coronary heart disease (CHD), six had cerebrovascular disease, five had diabetes, nine had hyperlipidemia and three had renal disease. Laboratory tests showed that the sodium and potassium levels in blood of the maternally inherited members were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01), while no differences were observed in fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and creatinine levels (P > 0.05). The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level of the maternally inherited members was lower than that of the control group (P = 0.04). The whole mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis revealed a total of 172 base changes, including 17 in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, four in transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 22 amino acid substitutions. The remainder were synonymous changes or were located in non-coding regions. We identified seven amino acid changes in the nine maternally inherited hypertension families, including four mutations in ATPase6 and three in Cytb. More interestingly, tRNA(Ser(UCN)) 7492 T > C was absent in controls and was present in <1% of 2704 mtDNAs, indicating potential functional significance., Conclusions: This study showed that mutations in mtDNA may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in these Chinese Han families. In the near future, identification of additional mtDNA mutations may indicate further candidate genes for hypertension.