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The goal of this research is to conduct a techno-environ-economic assessment of the two primary electrical energy generation technologies-photovoltaic and concentrating solar power with the storage system. The comparative technical analysis is based on solar to electrical efficiency, electrical output, capacity utilization factor, and land use factor, whereas the financial comparison considers factors like net present value, net capital cost, levelized cost of electricity, payback period, and greenhouse gas emission. The present simulation is carried out utilizing System Advisor Model software. The findings show that while installing photovoltaic power plants in China is the ideal option, establishing concentrating solar power plants in Egyptian meteorological conditions is the optimum alternative. Moreover, the results indicate that by comparing the best scenario for a photovoltaic plant with the best scenario for a concentrated solar power plant, the latter generates 33.34% more electricity. The findings also demonstrate that concentrated solar power plants use 48.7% of their capacity utilization factor, as opposed to photovoltaic plants, which only use 29.2% of their capacity utilization factor. Furthermore, the results imply the ability of concentrated solar power and photovoltaic to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 98.1% and 95.8%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government made a pledge to the international community that CO 2 emissions in China will peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality will be achieved before 2060. Iron ore sinter production is an important source of carbon emissions in China. Indeed, the uneven heat distribution in a sintering bed is a long-standing problem that significantly increases the consumption of energy. In the present study, we numerically examined the heat/mass transfer in multi-layer sintering process assisted with gaseous fuel injection in order to improve the energy efficiency. Computational results showed that solid fuel segregation had considerable positive effects on the achievement of a more reasonable and balanced heat pattern distribution due to the increased melting quantity index in the near-inlet region under segregated conditions. The results also indicated that gaseous fuel (vol. 1.0–3.0%) could greatly enhance the heat generated in the melting zone in the near-inlet region by influencing the dynamics of the primary and secondary reaction zones. These findings extend our understandings of the heat/mass transfer under gaseous fuel injection conditions. According to our computations, combined coke segregation and gaseous fuel injection is a feasible and energy-efficient solution that can contribute to reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]