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To elucidate the influence of rape straw returning on soil reducibility and to understand its effects on rice growth and yield in rape‐rice rotation system, 3 years field experiment with 8 treatments of straw incorporation carried out at Mianyang Sichuan Province of China. Results showed that the lowest RCEh value founded at 14–18 d after rice planting; With the increasing of rape straw incorporation, the amount of root (number, weight and length) and root bleeding intensity both increased significantly during 27–32 d after rice planting; 0–20 d are the fast decomposing period of rape straw in rice field. At 10–22 d after rice planting, there is negative correlation between rice root growth and soil reducibility and a negative correlation between rice root and straw incorporation. Oil seed rape straw returning into soil, either by mulching or by ploughing, make the soil more reducible with lower Eh and higher content of reducing material, Fe2+ and hinder the growth of rice root with lower amount (length, weight and number) and bleeding density during this period. Comparing with other straw returning methods, straw returning by ploughing method with the rape straw of 3.0 t/hm2 is more suitable in rice‐rape rotation farms where is convenient for mechanical operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study assesses the status of public service motivation and explains it's the positive association with public cooperation during the initial stage of the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, potential causes of Chinese citizens' public service motivation have been explored., Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 30 provinces in China was conducted using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted in February 2020 during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Socio-demographic factors, public service motivation, public satisfaction, public confidence, and public cooperation were assessed using questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify clusters of interrelationships among public service motivation, public satisfaction, public confidence, and public cooperation among Chinese citizens., Results: We found that participants' public satisfaction with COVID-19-related public services had a positive association with public confidence (B = 0.456, p < 0.001) and public service motivation (B = 0.177, p < 0.001). Moreover, public confidence regarding anti-COVID-19 measures had a positive influence on public service motivation (B = 0.308, p < 0.001) while mediating the relationship between public satisfaction and public service motivation. Public service motivation were positively associated with public cooperation with anti-COVID-19 measures during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic., Conclusion: A considerably high level of public service motivation among Chinese citizens appeared during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an increase in public cooperation. Moreover, the findings prove that a high degree of satisfaction with the government's initiatives regarding anti-COVID-19 measures encouraged greater personal public service motivation in respondents by increasing confidence in governmental responses and performance., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the status quo of perceived job demands and resources respectively among Chinese doctors, to examine the mediating role of work-family conflicts in the relationship between perceived job demands and various indicators of well-being, and to test the mediating role of psychological attachment in the relationship between perceived job resources and thriving at work among Chinese doctors., Design: A cross-sectional online survey study., Setting: Online questionnaires were administered across 30 provinces., Participants: A total of 2617 doctors provided sufficiently complete responses to be used in the study., Results: Perceived job demands ( M =3.843, SD=0.791) of participants were positively associated with work-family conflicts ( B =0.454, p<0.001) and negatively associated with job satisfaction ( B =-0.065, p<0.001) and life satisfaction ( B =-0.261, p<0.001). Work-family conflicts partially mediated the relationship between job demands and life satisfaction and fully mediated the relationship between job demands and job satisfaction. Perceived job resources ( M =2.474, SD=0.740) among Chinese doctors were positively associated with psychological attachment ( B =0.988, p<0.001) and thriving at work ( B =0.582, p<0.001). Furthermore, psychological attachment partially mediated the relationship between perceived job resources and thriving at work., Conclusion: Doctors in China with high-level job demands tended to exhibit increased work-family conflicts, which in turn threatened their job and life satisfaction. On the contrary, doctors with greater job resources were more likely to thrive at work by increasing their degree of psychological attachment. The current study suggested that Chinese health policymakers and hospital administrators should provide a work environment with a dynamic equilibrium between doctors' job demands and resources., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)