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Members of the genus Aeromonas are opportunistic pathogen of a variety of aquatic animals that exhibits multidrug resistance, phenotypes, virulence genes and virulence. The present study described the species distribution and the potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolated from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Molecular identification revealed that A. veronii biovar veronii (69/167; 41·3%) and A. hydrophila (41/167; 24·6%) were the most common species found in Northern snakehead intestine based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B protein. The distribution of seven virulence factors including aer (84·4%), act (80·8%), ser (40·1%), Aha (27·5%), lip (23·4%), exu (15·0%) and LuxS (12·6%) were determined exclusively in Aeromonas isolates. All the seven virulence genes were present in 9·6% (16/167), among which 11 strains were identified as A. veronii biovar veronii. For the strains harbouring seven virulence genes, the 50% lethal doses (LD50) of isolates were lower compared to the isolates carrying two virulence genes. The challenge tests revealed that isolate W31 had the lowest lethal dose, causing 50% mortality at 4·5 × 103 colony‐forming units (CFU) per ml. Furthermore, histopathology of Northern snakehead infected with Aeromonas strains showed necrosis and congestion in liver, spleen and kidney and also damage to the intestine. This study confirms that the Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead may be a cause of concern for public health. Significance and Impact of the Study: Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environments and have considerable virulence potential. The aim of this study was to identify Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead, and to investigate if Aeromonas species isolated from healthy fish potential pathogenicity with special reference to virulence and epidemiology studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban road plays an important role in solving the problem of urban traffic. Road reconstruction has good effect on traffic diversion. However, road excavation and reconstruction bring disadvantages to the surrounding ecological environment. To do research on the impact of urban road reconstruction on ecological environment, firstly we should solve the problems of the index system and evaluation criteria. By doing so, we can reduce the damage caused by road reconstruction to the surrounding natural environment as much as possible; and work hard to realize the sound and sustainable development of urban regional economy, ecological environment and social system. This paper attempts to establish evaluation index system of the ecological environment of Chinese road by using the analytic hierarchy process, expert scoring and screening method, and the evaluation index of road ecological environment. Finally this paper applies this index system into the case study of the reconstruction of Chongqing Road in Qingdao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical constituents of the roots of Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. grown in the Funiu mountains in China have been investigated. Four compounds were isolated and identified as β−sitosterol ( 1), pentacosanoic acid ( 2), 19α-H lupeone ( 3), and sucrose ( 4). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. 19α-H Lupeone ( 3) was isolated as a single compound and its structure established unambiguously by the spectral method for the first time, and H and C NMR data were assigned wholly by 1D and 2D NMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of gene mutations in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Methods: Seventy-five AITL cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China from June 2021 to June 2023 were included. Their formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded or fresh tissues were subject to targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The sequencing data was collected, and the distribution and type of gene mutations were analyzed. Results: 492 potential driver mutations were identified in 74 out of the 84 genes. Targeted sequencing data for the 75 AITL patients showed that the genes with mutation frequencies of ≥10% were TET2 (89.3%), RHOA (57.3%), IDH2 (37.3%), DNMT3A (36.0%), KMT2C (21.3%), PLCG1 (12.0%), and KDM6B (10.7%). There were significant co-occurrence relationships between TET2 and RHOA, TET2 and IDH2, and RHOA and IDH2 gene mutations ( P <0.05), respectively, while TET2 and KDM6B gene mutations were mutually exclusive ( P <0.05). Conclusions: The study reveals the mutational characteristics of AITL patients using NGS technology, which would provide insights for molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy of AITL.

Objective: To investigate the utility of albumin RNAscope in situ hybridization in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its mimics. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and its mimics and 33 cases of normal tissue were selected from the pathology database of the Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to December 2019. Tissue microarrays were constructed and RNAscope in situ hybridization was performed to detect the expression of albumin mRNA. Results: No albumin mRNA expression was detected in normal tissues except for the liver. All hepatocellular carcinoma regardless of its degree of differentiation and primary or metastatic nature had detectable albumin mRNA, with strong and diffuse staining in 90.7% (49/54) of cases. While the positive rate of HepPar-1, Arg-1 or one of them by immunohistochemistry was 87.0% (47/54), 85.2% (46/54) and 92.6% (50/54) respectively. The positive rates of albumin mRNA in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and biphenotypic hepatocellular carcinoma were 7/15 and 9/10, respectively. The former showed focal or heterogeneous staining, while the latter showed strong and diffuse staining. The positive rate of hepatoid adenocarcinoma was 8/19, and the albumin expression could be diffuse or focal. Sporadic cases of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma showed focal staining of albumin mRNA. Conclusions: Detection of albumin mRNA by RNAscope in situ hybridization is of great value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HCC, and the sensitivity may be improved by combining with HepPar-1 and Arg-1. It also offers different diagnostic clues according to different expression patterns.

0bjective To investigate the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical phenotypes, molecular genetic alterations,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the urinary bladder. Methods: Ten cases of IMT of the urinary bladder (three cases at Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center from September 2011 to December 2020, five in-house diagnosed cases and two consultation cases at Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital from June 2011 to December 2020) were collected retrospectively. The clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypic profiles were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry (EnVision method). The translocation of ALK gene was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: Of the 10 patients, eight were male and two were female. The patients' age range was 16 to 62 years (median 36 years).The main clinical presentation was hematuria and urinary irritation. Three cases were located at the dome of the urinary bladder, four cases were in the left lateral wall and the remaining three cases were in the right lateral wall. The tumor size ranged from 1.5 cm to 8.5 cm. In eight cases, the tumors were mainly submucosal, and in some cases extending to the muscular layer of the urinary bladder. In two cases, the tumors were mainly located in the muscular layer and focally extended to the submucosa and adventitia. Histologically, four cases had the nodular fasciitis-like pattern, three cases had fibrohistiocytoma-like pattern, two cases had mixed histologic patterns and the remaining case showed leiomyosarcoma-like histologic features. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed SMA (10/10),calponin (9/10),desmin (6/10) and CKpan (9/10). Cytoplasmic staining for ALK1 and ALK (5A4) was detected in 7 of 10 cases and 8 of 10 cases, respectively. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for ALK (D5F3) was detected in 7 of 10 cases. Among eight cases with material available for FISH analysis, ALK rearrangement was present in five cases. Follow-up data were available in eight patients and none had local recurrence nor distant metastasis. Conclusion: IMT of the urinary bladder is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential.It has special clinicopathologic features, and a minority of cases have local tumor recurrence.

Objective: To estimate the healthy life expectancy (HALE) of registered residents in Jing'an District, Shanghai City. Methods: From June to August in 2017, 14 districts (towns) were selected as the research sites, and 4 159 registered residents were selected as the subjects. The health status data of subjects were collected by using the self-rated health scale, and the health rate of subjects was obtained by using the CHOPIT model. The health rate of residents under 18 years old was replaced by the parameters of 18-year-old group, and Sullivan method was used to calculate the HALE of registered residents in Jing'an District, Shanghai City. Results: The age of 4 159 subjects was (56.46±15.19) years old, ranging from 18 to 98 years old. There were 1 768 males (42.5%). The overall health rate of subjects was 74.96%, of which the health rates of male and female were 76.87% and 72.45% respectively. With the increase of age, the health rate decreased ( Z= 265.51, P <0.001), and the health rate of male was higher than that of female (χ²=2 154.54, P <0.001). The HALE of the 0-year-old group was 64.29 years old, in which the male and female were 66.25 and 63.57 years old respectively. Among the 18-year-old group, the HALE was 48.18 years old, with 49.07 years old for male and 47.46 years old for female. The HALE of male was higher than that of female in all age groups. With the increase of age, the HALE decreased gradually. Conclusion: There are significant sex and age differences in HALE in Jing'an District, Shanghai City. The health issue of female and older people should be given more attention.

Objective: To analyze the difference of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy among Shanghai residents of different gender and age groups. Methods: Compare the trends of life expectancy among Shanghai and other longevity countries/regions. With the disability weights of GBD, Sullivan method was applied to calculate the healthy life expectancy in Shanghai and analyze the loss of healthy life years among the population of different age groups and genders. Results: In the past 40 years, life expectancy had increased by 10.86 years in Shanghai. In 2016, the life expectancy of Shanghai residents was 83.18 years old, and 80.83 years old for males and 85.61 years old for females. The healthy life expectancy of Shanghai residents was 69.46 years, and 68.68 years for males and 70.23 years old for females. The gap with life expectancy was 13.72 years old, 12.15 years old and 15.38 years old, respectively. They account for 16.49%, 15.02% and 17.97% of life expectancy, respectively. The healthy life expectancy of women in all age groups is higher than that of men with the average gap of 1.76 years. The difference between the two is as small as 1.36 years at 20-24 years old, and as large as 2.24 years at 70-74 years old. The loss rate of healthy life expectancy increases with age, with women higher than men before age 65 and vice versa after age 65 years old. Conclusions: The life expectancy in Shanghai has reached the world leading level, but the healthy life loss is still large. It is necessary to further improve the life quality with the reducing mortality rate, especially for women and men over 65 years old.

Objective: To investigate health status and calculate health life expectancy (HE) of residents in Shanghai, analyze health related factors and provided foundation of health policy. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to obtain self-reported health survey in Shanghai. WHO questionnaire was used to evaluate the health quality of life which was designed for the world health survey, Sullivan's method was used to calculate HE. Results: The self-assessment disability measure for adults over 18 years old in Shanghai was 0.25, higher for women (0.28) than for men (0.23). LE was 65.76 years for adults over 18 years old, higher for women (68.22) than for men (63.39). HE for adults over 18 years old was 47.99 years old, higher for men (49.05) than women (47.14). HE's proportion in LE gradually decreases with age. It accounts for 72.97% in the 18 years old and 39.00% in the 85 years old. Conclusions: The health of adult male in Shanghai is higher than that of female, and the proportion of HE loss of elderly is higher than young people. It is necessary to focus on the aging problem and strengthen the long-term care and health support system for the elderly. Improve the prevention and control of major diseases such as chronic diseases,which affect the quality of life expectancy seriously. Promotes the health level and quality of life in Shanghai.

Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous pathogen that infects nearly all warm-blooded animals and humans, can cause severe complications to the infected people and animals as well as serious economic losses and social problems. Here, one local strain (TgPIG-WH1) was isolated from an aborted pig fetus, and the genotype of this strain was identified as ToxoDB #3 by the PCR RFLP typing method using 10 molecular markers (SAG1, SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, C22-8, C29-2 and Apico). A comparison of the virulence of this isolate with other strains in both mice and piglets showed that TgPIG-WH1 was less virulent than type 1 strain RH and type 2 strain ME49 in mice, and caused similar symptoms to those of ME49 such as fever in piglets. Additionally, in piglet infection with both strains, the TgPIG-WH1 caused a higher IgG response and more severe pathological damages than ME49. Furthermore, TgPIG-WH1 caused one death in the 5 infected piglets, whereas ME49 did not, suggesting the higher virulence of TgPIG-WH1 than ME49 during piglet infection. Experimental infections indicate that the virulence of TgPIG-WH1 relative to ME49 is weaker in mice, but higher in pigs. This is probably the first report regarding a ToxoDB #3 strain from pigs in Hubei, China. These data will facilitate the understanding of genetic diversity of Toxoplasma strains in China as well as the prevention and control of porcine toxoplasmosis in the local region.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the protein expression of C-MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 and the clinicopathological characteristics in patients with de novo CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (CD5(+)DLBCL). Methods: Fifty seven cases of de novo CD5(+)DLBCL were collected at Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from February 2013 to September 2018. The hematoxylin-eosin stained slides were reviewed, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and FISH were used to analyze the relationship between C-MYC, bcl-2, bcl-6 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients. Results: Among these 57 cases, 27 were male and 30 were female. The age of onset was 35-99 years old. The IHC expression rates of C-MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 were 50.9% (29/57), 84.2% (48/57), and 75.4% (43/57) respectively; and co-expression rate of C-MYC and bcl-2 proteins was 40.4 (23/57). There was no significant correlation between protein expression and patients' genders, clinical stage, the level of serum LDH,β2 microglobulin, IPI,B symptoms, bone marrow involvement and central nervous system recurrence ( P> 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the median OS of C-MYC negative patients was significantly longer than C-MYC positive patients ( P< 0.05); and the median OS of patients without double expression was significantly longer than that of patients with positive expression ( P< 0.05), and bcl-6 positive patients had longer median OS than bcl-6 negative patients ( P< 0.05). There was no significant correlation between prognosis and bcl-2 protein expression ( P> 0.05) . Cox multivariate analysis showed C-MYC protein expression was an independent predictor of OS in de novo CD5(+)DLBCL ( P< 0.05). Conclusions: Bcl-2 protein expression has no effect on the prognosis in de novo CD5(+)DLBCL whereas bcl-6 expression is correlated with good prognosis. C-MYC protein expression could be used as an independent and effective index to predict the prognosis of patients with de novo CD5(+)DLBCL.However, the relationship between protein expression and gene rearrangement of C-MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 needs to be further explored.

Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) was designed to prospectively access local residents' food consumption, energy and nutrient intake, related chemical contaminant exposure, and the seasonal change trend to explore the relationship of diet with health. Data from SDHS can be used as fundamental information and scientific evidences for the development of local nutrition and food safety policies.

Toxocariasis is a very prevalent zoonotic disease worldwide. Recently, investigators have focused more on Toxocara spp. seroprevalence in humans. Information regarding Toxocara seroprevalence in people from different ethnic backgrounds in China is limited. For this study, blood samples were collected from a total of 802 Han, 520 Korean, 303 Manchu, and 217 Mongol subjects from Jilin and Shandong provinces. The overall Toxocara seroprevalence was 16·07% (14·21% Han, 20·58% Korean, 11·22% Manchu, 18·89% Mongol). Living in suburban or rural areas, having dogs at home, exposure to soil, and consumption of raw/undercooked meat were risk factors for Toxocara infection. Exposure to soil was identified as the major risk factor for Toxocara seropositivity in all of the tested ethnicities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning Toxocara infection in Manchus and Mongols in China. The present study provided baseline data for effective prevention strategies of toxocariasis in northeast China and recommends improvements in personal hygiene standards to achieve this goal.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to August 2015 to determine the seroprevalence and possible risk factors for human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China. A total of 1842 serum samples, including Han (n = 802), Korean (n = 520), Manchu (n = 303) and Mongol (n = 217) groups, were analysed using enzyme-linked immunoassays to detect IgG and IgM T. gondii antibodies. The overall T. gondii IgG and IgM seroprevalences were 13·79% and 1·25%, respectively. Of these groups, Mongol ethnicity had the highest T. gondii seroprevalence (20·74%, 45/217), followed by Korean ethnicity (16·54%, 86/520), Manchu ethnicity (13·86%, 42/303) and Han ethnicity (11·35%, 98/802). Multiple analysis showed that the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat and the source of drinking water were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the Han group. Likewise, having a cat at home was identified as being associated with T. gondii infection in the Korean, Manchu and Mongol groups. Moreover, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat was identified as another predictor of T. gondii seropositivity in the Mongol group. The results of this survey indicate that T. gondii infection is prevalent in Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in the study region. Therefore, it is essential to implement integrated strategies with efficient management measures to prevent and control T. gondii infection in this region of China. Moreover, this is the first report of T. gondii infection in Korean, Manchu, and Mongol ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China.

Phospholipase C zeta 1 (PLCζ1), which transcribes a key protein, has an important function in oocyte activation and embryo development because PLCζ1 can trigger a series of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in mammals. In this study, a novel splice variant in the testis tissues of adult and fetal Chinese Holstein bulls was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing analysis. The novel splice variant PLCζ1-sv1 was derived from the PLCζ1 complete transcript (PLCζ1-complete) by alternative splicing; the alternative splicing pattern exhibited alternative 5'-splice sites. The full-length transcript, PLCζ1-complete, is the main transcript found in fetal and adult cow testis tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of the PLCζ1-complete transcript were significantly higher than those of the PLCζ1-sv1 splice variant in bovine testis tissues. PLCζ1 protein sequencing analysis showed that the amino acids at positions 453 to 457 were deleted in PLCζ1-sv1, thereby terminating transcription prematurely. In summary, this study provided information to elucidate the structure and function of the bovine PLCζ1 gene.

The mannan-binding lectin gene (MBL) participates as an opsonin in the innate immune system of mammals, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL cause various immune dysfunctions. In this study, we detected SNPs in MBL2 at exon 1 using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing techniques in 825 Chinese Holstein cows. Four new SNPs with various allele frequencies were also found. The g.1164 G>A SNP was predicted to substitute arginine with glutamine at the N-terminus of the cysteine-rich domain. In the collagen-like domain, SNPs g.1197 C>A and g.1198 G>A changed proline to glutamine, whereas SNP g.1207 T>C was identified as a synonymous mutation. Correlation analysis showed that the g.1197 C>A marker was significantly correlated to somatic cell score (SCS), and the g.1164 G>A locus had significant effects on SCS, fat content, and protein content (P < 0.05), suggesting possible roles of these SNPs in the host response against mastitis. Nine haplotypes and nine haplotype pairs corresponding to the loci of the 4 novel SNPs were found in Chinese Holsteins. Haplotype pairs MM, MN, and BQ were correlated with the lowest SCS; MN with the highest protein yield; MM with the highest protein rate, and MN with the highest 305- day milk yield. Thus, MM, MN, and BQ are possible candidates for marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle breeding programs.

The complement system helps in the direct lysis of invading pathogens and modulates phagocytic, humoral and cellular immune responses. Complement 4 is a critical component in complement activity and protection against many bacterial pathogens because it is essential to classical and lectin activation pathways. We used reverse transcription and PCR to investigate alternative splicing and expression of the complement component 4 (C4A) gene in Chinese Holstein cattle. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. A novel splice variant involving intron 10 was identified, which we named C4A-AS. To examine how C4A gene activity is affected by bovine mastitis, six Chinese Holstein cattle were divided into healthy (non-mastitic) and Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitic groups. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the C4A-complete and C4A-AS transcripts are expressed at significantly different levels in healthy cows, while there were no significant differences in the mastitic group (P = 0.257). Expression of C4A-AS increased significantly when mastitis developed. We also examined the expression of C4A-complete and C4A-AS in several tissues (liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, tongue, and muscle). The two transcripts were expressed in all of these tissues but there were no significant differences in expression between healthy and mastitic cows. We therefore conclude that the C4A-complete transcript is the main transcript under normal physiological conditions, while C4A-AS is augmented when mastitis develops.

The genetic alterations leading to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are gradually being discovered. A wide variety of genes have been associated with ESCC development as well as tumor progression. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional cytokine; it promotes tumor growth and metastasis in later stages of of cancer development. Variations in the DNA sequence in the TGF-beta1 gene may lead to altered TGF-beta1 production and/or activity, and so this can modulate an individual's susceptibility to ESCC. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association of the TGF-beta1 gene -509 C/T and 869 T/C (Leu10Pro) polymorphisms and their haplotypes with the risk of ESCC. 247 patients with ESCC and 260 age- and sex-matched controls were studied using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution of 869 T/C polymorphism of the TGF-beta1 gene among cases and controls. The 869 TC and CC genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC as compared with the 869 TT genotypes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.882, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.212-2.923, P = 0.005 and OR = 2.099, 95% CI 1.288-3.421, P = 0.003, respectively]. Consistent with the results of the genotyping analyses, the -509 T/869 C haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC as compared with the -509 C/869 T haplotype (OR = 1.463; 95% CI 1.120-1.912; P = 0.005). This study shows for the first time that TGF-beta1 gene 869 T/C polymorphism may contribute to a genetic risk factor for ESCC in a Chinese population.

Complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 231 samples were used to explore the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese cattle. Phylogenetical analysis of these sequences revealed both Bos taurus and Bos indicus mitochondrial types in Chinese cattle. Four of the previously identified mitochondrial DNA lineages (T1-T4) were identified in the Bos taurus type, including lineage T1, which was found for the first time in Chinese cattle. Two lineages (I1 and I2) were identified in the Bos indicus type. Our results support the suggestion that the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is the domestication site of Chinese zebu. We also found evidence that Tibetan cattle originated from taurine and zebu cattle. The distribution pattern of Chinese cattle breeds was closely related to the geographical and climatic background. It was possible to divide Chinese cattle in this study into two major groups: northern and southern cattle.