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The study area is Huanglong Wucai pool in China. In recent years, due to the influence of Salix cupularis thicket in Zhuanhua pond of the upstream source water area, there has been strong surface water leakage, resulting in a decrease of water conservation and shrinkage of water landscape, which in turn has caused the degradation of pools such as blackening and podzolization. Through analyzing the characteristics of water conservation in Wucai pool and their influence on the evolution of travertine landscape, this study discusses the effect on landscape restoration by artificial intervention in the reduction of surface water leakage, so as to provide systematic results and technical reference for subsequent landscape conservation and serve the protection of the core value of Hanglong World 3 Natural Heritage Site. By means of field investigation, flow monitoring, water quality monitoring, particle analysis, SEM characterization, and experiment on water quantity regulation and conservation, the characteristics and causes of water runoff leakage in the source water area of Wucai pool were identified, and the effects of artificial leakage reduction on the evolution of travertine landscape in the study area were analyzed. Five monitoring stations were set up to monitor the total flow in Zhuanhua pond, the water flow entering Wucai pool and the corresponding changes in hydrochemical characteristics. Meanwhile, pH, temperature and conductivity were measured by a handheld WTW 3310 pH meter, and Ca 2+ and HCO were measured by titration on-site. The monitoring period was from April to November, 2019. Collected from loose travertine at the forest area of Zhuanhua pond and from the newly formed loose travertine at the bottom of landscape pool, the particle analysis samples and SEM samples were used to analyze the transformation and destruction of travertine body by the root system of Salix cupularis thicket. Thin-walled rectangular weir and triangular weir were used for flow measurement. After water flow regulation of Zhuanhua pond, isolation of channel with strong leakage, and conservation of Wucai pool, the impact of the increased water flow on the improvement of local degradation of Wucai pool was assessed on June 5, 2020. The research findings show, (1) The quality of spring water from Zhuanhua pond in the source water area is stable, with high partial pressure of carbon dioxide and high calcium. Degassing reaction occurs along the river, and calcite is oversaturated at a low level to the southern edge of Wucai pool. (2) Due to activities of thicket root and influences of freeze-thawing, strong runoff leakage occurs in the source water area, and only 49% of the total water flow can enter Wucai pool to form a landscape conservation water source. The main site of strong leakage is located at the west branch channel composed of loose calcareous gravel and sand in Zhuanhua pond. (3) The leakage in the source water area caused a relative decline in the water conservation capacity of Wucai pool. The northern edge of Wucai pool became blackened and water in the east part was displaced by surface water of Huanglonghou Ditch to form podzolization. The scale of the landscape pools shrank to about half of its early size. The maximum natural landscape water conservation of Wucai pool, with the capacity of 5,115 m³ •d-1, generally occurs in September. (4) Through artificial conservation, the impact of surface water leakage in the source water area of Wucai pool landscape is reduced. During the main conservation period (July-October), the proportion of the water conservation into Wucai pool increased to 83%, up from 49% before artificial conservation, and the average monthly water flow increased from 4,892 m³ •d-1 to 8,674 m³•d-1, with an increase of water conservation capacity of 77%. Before and after the conservation of Wucai pool, the concentration of calcium and bicarbonate ions in water changed little; SIc changed from oversaturation to equilibrium; carbon dioxide degassing in the middle and lower reaches increased; the deposition capacity of travertine generally increased. (5) During the main conservation period, the average monthly water flow after conservation increased by 3,559m³•d-1. 2,544 m³ •d-1 of water was consumed to restore the blackened pool in the north and alleviate podzolization in the east, accounting for 29% of the total capacity of water conservation in Wucai pool. The landscape water area of Wucai pool increased by 16.3% and remained at the same level after the four-month landscape restoration and conservation. The degradation such as blackening and podzolization of Wucai pool caused by increasing surface water leakage in the source water area by activities of root system of Salix cupularis contributed to the decrease of water conservation capacity in the landscape area. However, through the artificial leakage reduction and conservation experiment, the water conservation capacity increased, and thus the degradation was contained and the travertine landscape was restored to a certain extent in the study area, which indicates that appropriate artificial intervention is beneficial to landscape protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Two new guaiacene-type sesquiterpenes 13α-dihydroixerin acid, ixerin acid and one new secoguaiacene-type sesquiterpene secoixerin Z, along with four known compounds, were separated from ethanol extract of Ixeris sonchifolia. The structures were determined based on the detailed spectroscopic and physicochemical methods. The cytotoxic activity of the isolates was tested against A549 cells. Among them, compound 3 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against A549 cells with the IC50 of 5.6 ± 0.9 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal and spatial distribution of the boundary temperature of chimonophilous/ thermophilic crops affect the crop phenology and planting area. Based on the surface meteorological observation data of 585 meteorological stations in Chinese from 1961 to 2020, taking the ≥0c and ≥10c thermal time, the initial and terminate days of thermal time as research indices of agricultural heat resources, based on ANUSPLIN meteorological interpolation software, the spatio-temporal evolution of boundary temperature of chimonophilous/ thermophilic crops in China were analyzed from interannual and interdecadal time scales. The influence of heat resource change on agricultural production pattern in Chinese Mainland was also discussed. The results showed that: affected by latitude and topography, the heat resources changed greatly in China. The thermal time ≥0c and ≥10c in the eastern region presented a ladder distribution with latitude, while in the western region, it was mainly affected by altitude, which decreased gradually from south to north. The thermal time ≥0c and ≥10c ranged of 700.0c8960.0c·d and 46.3c8960.0c·d respectively, with the average climate trend of 72.8c·d·10y-1 and 73.7c·d·10y-1. Within 60 years, the initial ordinal number of 0c and 10c was advanced by 9.6d and 8.4d respectively, and the terminate ordinal number was postponed by 4.8d and 7.8d, respectively. The advance of the initial day and the delay of the final day increased the number of continuous days with daily average temperature ≥0c and ≥10c by 14.4d and 16.2d in 60 years, respectively. 2011-2020cP6 periodcwas the warmest 10 years in the study period, that of the thermal time ≥0c and ≥10c increased by 6.3% and 8.2% respectively compared with P1 period (1961c1970). In P6 period, the area with thermal time ≥0c of 6000c7000c·d increased by 2.11c105km2, the area with thermal time ≥10c of 5000-6000c#183;d increased by 3.37c105km2. Under the background of climate warming, the increase of accumulated temperature has had an important impact on China's agricultural system. The layout of agricultural production and planting system should be adjusted in time to fully adapt to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is an important economic fish species in China. Many carnivorous fish larvae feed on zooplankton or microdiets. However, the mandarin fish larvae feed on live prey fish exclusively, while refusing zooplankton or microdiets. A stable supply of palatable live prey fish results in high costs. Moreover, the application of live prey fish might bring the risk of pathogens. However, little is known about the genes underlying the food preference of mandarin fish larvae. Partial offspring of the domesticated strain could feed brine shrimp from three days post-hatching (dph), the open mouth day. In the present study, the mandarin fish larvae were randomly divided into three groups, then treated differently at 3 dph: (1) unfed; (2) fed with live prey fish; (3) fed with brine shrimp (Artemia). Differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA-seq. The differential expression of the transcription factors involved in retinal photoreceptor development and differentiation might contribute to the intake of brine shrimp in mandarin fish larvae. Meanwhile, the digestive enzyme genes involved in protein, fat, and carbohydrate digestion have been expressed in mandarin fish larvae at 3 dph, contributing to the digestion of ingested food. Our study provides an overview of genes and biological processes involved in the peculiar food preference at the first-feeding stage in mandarin fish larvae and has critical importance to the future application of non-fish live feeds in the culture of mandarin fish larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, of which some are keystone species in forest ecosystems. Oak trees are common host plants of the powdery mildews within the genus Cystotheca. Cystotheca kusanoi, previously treated as heterotypic synonym of C. lanestris, was recently reinstated as a species of its own based on morphological re‐examinations and phylogenetic analyses of collections on Quercus spp. in Korea and Japan. The hyphal appressoria and presence or absence of fibrosin bodies in conidia of Cystotheca spp. was so far unclear. The present morphological examinations and phylogenetical analyses revealed that a fresh collection of powdery mildew on Q. spinosa from northwest China (Tibet Autonomous Region), and two herbarium specimens on Q. serrata from southwest China (Sichuan Province) and Q. variabilis from southeast China (Jiangsu Province) within re‐evaluated 12 herbarium specimens of C. lanestris s. lat. on Quercus spp. belong to C. kusanoi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. kusanoi from China. Additionally, this is the first report of Q. spinosa as a host for C. kusanoi. Fibrosin bodies were not found in the fresh specimens of C. kusanoi. Nipple‐shaped to lobed hyphal appressoria have been observed and are described in the genus Cystotheca for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's urban housing demand has directly influenced urbanization development. To stabilize the level of urbanization, it is urgent to optimize the whole life-cycle efficiency of construction and the preliminary design as the first step is even more significant. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is widely used as information technology in the construction industry to promote the implementation and management of projects. However, the traditional preliminary design approach still occupies the mainstream market without forming a systematic BIM workflow, which causes inefficiency. To address this issue, this research aims to construct a BIM-assisted workflow to enhance the preliminary design efficiency of architecture. This study creates traditional and BIM-assisted workflows for comparative analysis to capture duration data with a questionnaire and validate by practical simulation. The findings show that the BIM-assisted workflow consumes less time than the traditional workflow. This research indicates that the BIM-assisted workflow can significantly reduce operation time to enhance preliminary design efficiency and deserves to be strongly promoted in the Chinese Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choerospondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae) is a fast‐growing tree species with edible wild fruits, used as pioneer tree for reforestation in south China. Fruits, leaves and bark are utilized for diverse culinary and pharmaceutical purposes. In December 2019, C. axillaris infected by powdery mildew was collected in Lianhuashan Park (117.01°E, 25.10°N), Fujian, China. The disease affected approximately 50‒60%, which severely influenced the yield and quality of the infected trees. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, the causal agent was identified as Phyllactinia rhoina. As far as we are aware, this is the first detailed description of the asexual morph for this species and the first complete molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and 28S rDNA gene sequences. The information may be helpful for disease monitoring purposes of C. axillaris for growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broussonetia comprises four species in China, of which three species are known to be infected by Phyllactinia spp. Between 2018 and 2021, five new Phyllactinia samples on B. papyrifera were collected, and two already existing specimens on B. kaempferi and B. kazinoki were re‐examined. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses showed that two species, Ph. broussonetiae‐kaempferi and Ph. broussonetiae‐papyriferae, are involved on Broussonetia spp. in China. The asexual stage of Ph. broussonetiae‐kaempferi and the sexual stage of Ph. broussonetiae‐papyriferae have been found on B. papyrifera. They are described in detail and illustrated. As far as we are aware, this is the first description of the characteristics of the sexual morph (chasmothecia) of Ph. broussonetiae‐papyriferae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacterial strain, Gram staining negative, aerobic, long rod, motile bacterium with flagellum, designated strain YIM 98829T, was isolated from the Aiding Lake in Xinjiang province, North-West China. The isolate produced oval subterminal endospores in swollen sporangia. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine, while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. The major whole-cell sugars contained xylose, glucose, galactose, and mannose. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, and two unidentified aminophospholipids were part of the polar lipid profile. Iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 were the major fatty acids. The DNA G + C content of the type strain was 38.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Alkalibacillus. However, it differed from its closest relatives, A. haloalkaliphilus DSM 5271T (97.04%), A. filiformis 4AGT (96.99%), and A. silvisoli BM2T (96.95%) in some physiological characteristics. DNA–DNA hybridization result indicated low levels of relatedness between strain YIM 98829T and A. haloalkaliphilus JCM 12303T (16.9%). On the basis of physiological, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM 98829T represents a novel species of genus Alkalibacillus, for which the name Alkalibacillus aidingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 98829T (= NBRC 114103T = CGMCC 1.17260T = DSM 112470T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YIM B00359T, a novel bacterial strain was isolated from the saline soil of Turpan city in Xinjiang province, north–west China. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, motile, aerobic, produced oval subterminal endospores in swollen sporangia. The whole-cell hydrolysates contain meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid, with xylose, glucose, and ribose as the major whole-cell sugars. The phospholipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, unidentified glycolipids, and one unidentified glycophospholipid. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The major fatty acids are anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, and iso-C16:0. The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 37.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Oceanobacillus. However, it differed from its closest relatives, Oceanobacillus halophilus DSM 23996 T and Oceanobacillus senegalensis Marseille-P3587T in many physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. Based on comparative analysis of polyphasic taxonomic data, strain YIM B00359T represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus salinisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00359T (= CGMCC 1.17509T = KCTC 43185T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Gram-stain positive, oval-shaped, and non-flagellated bacterium, designated YIM S02566T, was isolated from alpine soil in Shadui Towns, Ganzi County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, PR China. Growth occurred at 23–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) in the presence of 0.5–4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%) and at pH 7.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain YIM S02566T was most closely related to the genus Aestuariimicrobium, with Aestuariimicrobium kwangyangense R27T and Aestuariimicrobium soli D6T as its closest relative (sequence similarities were 96.3% and 95.4%, respectively). YIM S02566T contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acid patterns were anteiso-C15:0 (60.0%). The major polar lipid was DPG. The genome size of strain YIM S02566T was 3.1 Mb, comprising 3078 predicted genes with a DNA G + C content of 69.0 mol%. Based on these genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidences, strain YIM S02566T was identified as a novel species in the genus Aestuariimicrobium, for which the name Aestuariimicrobium ganziense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM S02566T (= CGMCC 1.18751 T = KCTC 49,477 T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 98757T, was isolated from the hypersaline sediment of Aiding Lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. The strain grew well on most media tested and no diffusible pigment was produced. The substrate mycelium was well developed and fragmented. No spores were formed. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid. Xylose, galactose, ribose were the major whole-cell sugars. The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and an unknown phospholipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The major fatty acid was iso-C16:0. The DNA G + C content was 69.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Haloechinothrix. However, it differed from its closest relative, H. alba YIM 98757 T in many phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. Moreover, the DNA–DNA and ANI relatedness values between the novel isolate and H. alba YIM 93221 T were 53.3% and 92.5%, respectively. Based on comparative analysis of polyphasic taxonomic data, strain YIM 98757 T represents a novel species of the genus Haloechinothrix, for which the name Haloechinothrix aidingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 98757T (= CGMCC 4.7627T = CCTCC AA 2020012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain YIM B00363T, a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium, was isolated from saline soil samples collected from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. The optimum growth temperature was 37 °C and the optimum pH was 7.5–8.0. The major menaquinone was MK-7; anteiso-C15:0 (53.52%), iso-C15:0 (15.04%) and C16:0 (12.76%) were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, unidentified glycolipids and unknown lipids. The DNA G + C content of the type strain was 50.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain YIM B00363T belonged to a cluster comprising species of the genus Paenibacillus. The nearest relatives were P. residui MC-246T and P. senegalensis JC66T, with 93.2% and 92.8% gene sequence similarities, respectively. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic distinctivenes, strain YIM B00363T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus turpanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00363T (= CGMCC 1.17507T = KCTC 43184T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the myopia prevalence in Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents. Methods: It was a population‐based cross‐sectional study. A total of 4257 children aged 6–8 years, and 5880 parents were recruited in the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Cycloplegic autorefraction was measured for children; and non‐cycloplegic autorefraction for parents. Parental educational level, children's outdoor time, and near work were collected by validated questionnaires. Results: In children aged 6–8 years, 25.0% were myopic, and among them, 12.7% for the 6‐year‐olds, 24.4% for the 7‐year‐olds and 36.1% for the 8‐year‐old. About 0.7% of children aged 8 years were high myopia. In all age groups, boys (their myopia rate: 13.9% at 6 years, 26.7% at 7 years, and 38.3% at 8 years) were more myopic than girls (11.3% at 6 years, 22.0% at 7 years, 33.4% at 8 years). Among parents, 72.2% were myopic (mother, 73.2%; father, 70.7%) and 13.5% high myopia (mother, 12.8%; father, 14.5%). It was observed that prevalence decreased with ages and increased with education level. Conclusion: There is a strikingly high prevalence of myopia in Hong Kong children aged 6–8, much higher than that of other regions of China. Of note, the prevalence of children was similar to that in 15 years ago. Furthermore, the myopia prevalence of parents is high, and it had already increased in this cohort. Prevention of childhood myopia is important, likewise for visual complications from high myopia in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacterial strain, designated YIM 98839T, was isolated from the hypersaline sediment of Aiding Lake in Xinjiang province, North-West China. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, motile, aerobic, produced oval subterminal or central endospores in swollen sporangia. The whole-cell hydrolysates contain meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid. Galactose, fucose and ribose are the major whole-cell sugars. The phospholipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unknown phospholipid. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The major fatty acids are anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 37.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Oceanobacillus. However, it differed from its closest relative, Oceanobacillus limi H9BT in many physiological characteristics. Moreover, the DNA–DNA relatedness values between the novel isolate and the relative type strain was 20.2%. Based on comparative analysis of polyphasic taxonomic data, strain YIM 98839T represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 98839T (= CGMCC 1.17002T = KCTC 43140T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thousands of hot springs are located in the north-eastern part of the Yunnan- Tibet geothermal zone, which is one of the most active geothermal areas in the world. However, a comprehensive and detailed understanding of microbial diversity in these hot springs is still lacking. In this study, bacterial and archaeal diversities were investigated in 16 hot springs ( pH 3.2-8.6; temperature 47-96° C) in Yunnan Province and Tibet, China by using a barcoded 16 S rRNA gene-pyrosequencing approach. Aquificae, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Deinococcus- Thermus and Bacteroidetes comprised the large portion of the bacterial communities in acidic hot springs. Non-acidic hot springs harboured more and variable bacterial phyla than acidic springs. Desulfurococcales and unclassified Crenarchaeota were the dominated groups in archaeal populations from most of the non-acidic hot springs; whereas, the archaeal community structure in acidic hot springs was simpler and characterized by Sulfolobales and Thermoplasmata. The phylogenetic analyses showed that Aquificae and Crenarchaeota were predominant in the investigated springs and possessed many phylogenetic lineages that have never been detected in other hot springs in the world. Thus findings from this study significantly improve our understanding of microbial diversity in terrestrial hot springs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A halotolerant actinomycete strain, designated XHU 5031, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans xiligouense DSM 15700 (98.4 %), Myceligenerans halotolerans XJEEM 11063 (98.0 %) and Myceligenerans crystallogenes DSM 17134 (97.5 %). However, it had relatively low values for DNA-DNA relatedness with the above strains (46.2, 39.4 and 36.5 %, respectively). The peptidoglycan type was A4α. This organism contained glucose, mannose and galactose as the major whole cell sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H). The major fatty acids were iso-C anteiso-C and iso-C. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), one unknown phospholipid (PL) and two unknown glycolipids (GL). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 71.2 mol %. Phenotypic data clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that the isolate XHU 5031 represented a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans. The proposed name for this organism is Myceligenerans salitolerans sp. nov., with type strain XHU 5031 (=KCTC 29128 = CCTCC AB 2012908). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim of the study: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of schisandra lignans extract (SLE) on stress-evoked hepatic metastases of mastocytoma P815 tumor cells, which was closely related with immune function. Materials and methods: The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of SLE was recorded and the percentage composition of schisandra lignans was determined as 82.63%. The contributions of the immunomodulatory properties of SLE to the protective effects on stress-induced hepatic metastases were studied. Results: Our results found that restraint stress significantly promoted hepatic metastases of P815 tumor cells. However, oral administration of SLE (100 and 200mg/kg/d, 14d) significantly reduced the number of metastatic colonies in liver of restrained mice. SLE was further found to be significantly improving T lymphocyte proportions and increasing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity of immunized spleen cells in stressed mice. Conclusion: These results indicated that the protective effects of SLE on hepatic metastases were related to its alleviation of the adverse effects of stressors for bio-homeostasis and immunoprotection. The obtained data provided evidences to elucidate the traditional use of Fructus schisandrae as a tonic or sedative. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Machiavellianism is named after the Italian statesman Machiavelli, and is now commonly accepted as a trait that is characterized by manipulating others for personal gains at all costs and by all means. Such variables as initiating structure, job involvement and locus of control moderate the effect of Machiavellianism on an individual's performance. Although Machiavellianism degrades the ethical-orientation, it does not help in attaining socioeconomic success. However, this selfish philosophy does find its existence in different cultures. In the Chinese context, future researches on Machiavellianism should focus on developing an implicit measurement, employing meta-analysis to incorporate the existing research conclusions, adopting advanced statistic techniques to explore the relationship between Machiavellianism and performance, and strengthening the indigenous studies based on the Chinese culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel actinomycete strain YIM 33378T was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. Based on the results of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain YIM 33378T should be assigned to a new species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia lijiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 33378T (=CCTCC AA 204005T= KCTC 19028T). The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AY779043. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This pilot project in Zhejiang Province, China, aimed at improving the nutrition and health status of students, school personnel and parents, and developing a model project for nutrition interventions for the development of health-promoting schools (HPS) in China. Three primary and three secondary schools participated. Interventions included establishing school-based working groups, nutrition training for school staff, distribution of materials on nutrition, nutrition education for students, student competitions, school-wide health promotion efforts and outreach to families and communities. Results of a pre- and post-intervention survey one and a half years apart showed improvements in nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behavior among all target groups. Primary school students at the pilot schools made the greatest knowledge gains in the areas of Chinese dietary guidelines (increased from 49.2 to 78.0%, p < 0.01) and adequate dietary principles (increased from 42.9 to 68.0%, p < 0.01). Scores of secondary school students who reported liking school lunches rose at pilot schools from 17.9 to 45.2% (p < 0.01). School staff at control schools who reported taking breakfast declined from 81.4 to 66.6% (p < 0.01), while staff who reported taking lunch at school increased in pilot schools from 87.5% at baseline to 93.9% (p < 0.01). The largest increases in nutrition knowledge among all target groups occurred among parents and guardians. At the pilot schools parents increased their knowledge in the areas of nutritional deficiencies (from 35.0 to 66.2%, p < 0.01) and nutrient-rich foods (from 38.8 to 66.8%, p < 0.01). Talks with target groups confirmed changes in attitudes and behavior, and school visits revealed improvements to school facilities and school health services, establishing of school policies and a positive school climate. This study suggests that nutrition can effectively serve as an entry point to establish HPS in China and that the HPS concept is feasible to improve the dietary knowledge, attitudes and behavior of students, parents and school personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the impact of China factor on the pre-1997 Hong Kong economy. Salient features of the economic integration of Hong Kong and China; Outline of the structure of the Hong Kong macroeconometric model; Two counterfactual simulations to test the extent of influence of the China factor on the Hong Kong economy.

[Display omitted] • Organic components control microporosity and CH 4 sorption in transitional shale. • A correlation between clay and CH 4 sorption in shale is overshadowed or even reversed. • Clay minerals contribute to Meso- and macroporosity and control CH 4 storage in shale. • Coal is treated as naturally TOC-extreme case of transitional shale during discussion. Systematic understanding of geological controls on methane storage capacity in marine-continental transitional shale can help to predict the potential gas resources in such shale reservoirs. In the present study, seven transitional shale samples were first collected from three different basins (Qinshui Basin, Ningwu Basin, and eastern Ordos Basin) in Northern China and characterized for their composition, thermal maturity, pore structure and CH 4 adsorption capacity. Their total CH 4 storage capacities (including adsorbed and free gas) at pressures up to 10 MPa were determined using an ingenious method from previous studies. Based on this, we investigated the properties controlling gas adsorption and total gas storage in these shales. Meanwhile, several coal samples from the same strata unit were analyzed through analogous processes and treated as the naturally occurring extreme total organic carbon (TOC) cases of transitional shale during discussion. Our findings indicate that the transitional shale's composition (typically represented by the TOC and total clay content) directly influences the pore development and then controls the CH 4 adsorption, which is consistent with the previous findings for marine shale. Though the positive correlations between CH 4 adsorption capacity and both TOC and total clay content were observed for the studied shale samples, the observations demonstrate the dominance of organic components in rock for gas adsorption when the transitional shale and coal samples are considered together. In addition, the positive correlation between clay minerals and CH 4 adsorption may be overshadowed, even reversed. Based on the method used, the total gas-in-place (GIP) storage in these transitional shales shows a stronger positive correlation with total clay content than TOC content. This is mainly attributed to the meso- and macroporosity of clay minerals. For the studied shale samples, the relationship between thermal maturity and CH 4 storage capacity can be represented by a quadratic polynomial function, which is likely due to considerable variation in rock composition. Furthermore, it is emphasized that predicting the total GIP in shale and coal reservoirs using these correlations should be approached with caution, regardless of the method (direct/indirect) used to determine the GIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to probe CO2-coal interactions, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) experiment was carried out in the atmosphere of He, N2 and CO2 with coals from Huozhou and Jincheng area in Shanxi Province. The results show that, in a He atmosphere, the curves are straightforward, the curves in the N2 atmosphere are smooth and upward compared with curves in the He atmosphere, however, in a CO2 atmosphere, all the three curves show exothermic peaks and endothermic peaks are irreversible. It is proposed that, as an inert gas, He can't be adsorbed on coal surface, hence no enthalpy released. For N2, physical adsorption occurs, charactered with lower enthalpy releasing. The larger enthalpy variation in a CO2 atmosphere indicates that, except for physical reactions, chemical reactions may also occur. Based on the analysis of coal interactions, CO2 interactions and molecular-scale interactions of CO2 with substances other than coal, the CO2-coal interactions were explained as follows: the C atom of CO2 accepted electrons from coal molecular, and formed an "electron donor-acceptor complex" ( i. e. , an "EDA complex" ), in other words, chemical reactions occurred, hence exothermic peaks occurred. The interconnections of the active sites to other groups in coal molecular are weakened due to the formation of EDA complex, so to be easily broken during heating, hence endothermic peaks occurred. The irreversibility of the curves indicates that coal structure is changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptococcus agalactiae is a contagious pathogen that causes bovine mastitis worldwide, resulting in considerable economic losses. In this study, we isolated 42 S. agalactiae strains in 379 milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis on 15 dairy farms in 12 Chinese provinces. Analysis based on capsular typing and multilocus sequence typing, combined with patterns of virulence gene scanning and antimicrobial resistance, identified the lineages and populations of the isolates. We grouped the 42 isolates into 7 sequence types belonging to 6 clonal complexes, mainly CC103 (31/42 isolates; 73.8%). We identified an ST-23 strain named Sa 129 for the first time on Chinese dairy farms—this strain is usually associated with human isolates. Capsular types Ia and II were predominant in capsular typing. The prevalence of virulence profile 1 (bibA , cfb , cspA , cylE , fbsA , fbsB , hylB , and pavA) was 64.3%, and represented the main trend in China. With respect to antimicrobial resistance, most isolates were susceptible to β-lactams, rifamycin, glycopeptides, and oxazolidone; resistance to several antimicrobial agents, including lincomycin, clindamycin, and doxycycline, varied in 4 different regions. Our research provides a profile for the molecular epidemiology, multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene clustering of S. agalactiae, and may be beneficial for the clinical monitoring, prevention, and control of mastitis in dairy cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from polyethylene mesh knitted fabrics (PMKFs) to mulched soil and nearby plants was studied. PBDEs in the soil sample collected from Tianjin University of Commerce in April 2019 increased significantly after 6 months of PMKF mulching owing to PMKFs as the main input source. The compositional profiles/congener patterns of the PBDEs in the soil and PMKFs became similar after 6 months. High correlations were found between ΣPBDEs in the soil and PMKFs in October 2019, with no significant correlation in April. Plants could take up, accumulate and biotransform PBDEs in contaminated soil. The uptake of BDE-209 by plants was the highest compared with other lesser brominated PBDE congeners, due to its higher log Kow value and molecular weight or size. BDE-47 taken up in the plant was biotransformed via hydroxylation. These results prove that the government's PMKF solution to haze is causing environmental problems in bare soil, i.e., PBDE pollution in both soil and nearby plants. The present study provides important pieces of evidence for government and policymakers, and it is recommended that one environmental problem is not solved by creating another. [Display omitted] • PBDEs in soil increased significantly after 6 months of PMKF mulching. • Congener patterns of PBDEs in soil and PMKFs became similar after 6 months. • High correlations were found between ΣPBDEs in soil and PMKFs after 6 months. • PBDEs were taken up, accumulated and bio-transformed by nearby plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explored the impact of a family intervention on the relapse rate of Chinese patients with alcohol dependence., Methods: A total of 151 male patients with alcohol dependence who were discharged from the Substance Dependence Department of the Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital from January to December 2020 were selected. They were divided into the control ( n  = 73) and experimental ( n  = 78) groups. Patients in both groups received routine alcohol cessation treatment. Moreover, patients in the experimental group were followed up by a professional psychiatrist to carry out individual family intervention. The Family Function Rating Scale (FAD), a Self-made general information questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale (FACESI-CV) were performed. Re-drinking rate and readmission rate were assessed., Results: Family intervention could reduce relapse rate (31, 39.74%) and rehospitalization (27, 34.62%) compared with the control group. After family training, FAD factor scores were improved in the experiment group in comparison with the control group. Family training improved communication (18.2 ± 3.7), role (20.8 ± 2.5), emotional response (10.8 ± 1.8), emotional involvement (13.7 ± 1.2), behavioral control (19.8 ± 1.2), and overall functionality (23.5 ± 2.1) in the experiment group in comparison with the control group. After family training, intimacy (70.5 ± 8.7) and adaptability (64.1 ± 6.9) in the experiment group was higher than in the control group. After family intervention, Michigan Alcohol Dependence Scale (MAST) (9.21 ± 0.68) and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) (80.32 ± 4.47) in the experiment group were higher than the control group., Conclusion: Family intervention for families of patients with alcohol dependence can improve their family function, increase their family intimacy and adaptability, and reduce the rate of relapse., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Tang, Chen, Xia, Wang and Zhang.)

Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming strains, YIM B05601 and YIM B05602 T , were isolated from soil sampled at Hamazui hot spring, Tengchong City, Yunnan Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the two strains fell within the genus Paenibacillus , appearing most closely related to Paenibacillus alkalitolerans YIM B00362 T (96.9 % sequence similarity). Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602 T formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus Paenibacillus . The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602 T with the related species P. alkalitolerans YIM B00362 T were within the ranges of 74.43-74.57 % and 12.1-18.5 %, respectively, which clearly indicated that strains YIM B05601, YIM B05602 T represented a novel species. Strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602 T exhibited 99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The ANI and dDDH values between the two strains were 99.8 and 100 %, respectively, suggesting that they belong to the same species. Optimum growth for both strains occurred at pH 7.0 and 45 °C. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602 T was meso -diaminopimelic acid. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids of strain YIM B05602 T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified polarlipid and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major fatty acids of the two stains were iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . Based on phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602 T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus thermotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B05602 T (=CGMCC 1.60051 T =KCTC 43460 T =NBRC 115924 T ).

A gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain capable of producing siderophores, named YIM B08730 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from Wumeng Mountain National Nature Reserve, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum, 35-40 ℃), pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %, w/v). A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1558 bp) of strain YIM B08730 T showed the highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis JCM 13838 T (96.2 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris DSM 12223 T (96.0 %) and Solibacillus kalamii ISSFR-015 T (95.4 %). The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unidentified lipid. The main respiratory quinone of strain YIM B08730 T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were iso-C 15:0 and C 16:1 ω7c alcohol. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain YIM B08730 T and the reference strain S. isronensis JCM 13838 T were 24.8 % and 81.2 %, respectively. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 37.1 mol%. The genome of the novel strain contained genes associated with the production of siderophores, and it also revealed other functional gene clusters involved in plant growth promotion and soil bioremediation. Based on these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM B08730 T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Solibacillus, for which the name Solibacillus ferritrahens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B08730 T (= NBRC 116268 T  = CGMCC 1.60169 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A Gram-positive, acid-fast, aerobic, rapidly growing and non-motile strain was isolated from lead-zinc mine tailing sampled in Lanping, Yunnan province, Southwest China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the most closely related species of strain KC 300 T was Mycolicibacterium litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T (98.47 %). Additionally, phylogenomic and specific conserved signature indel analysis revealed that strain KC 300 T should be a member of genus Mycolicibacterium , and Mycobacterium palauense CECT 8779 T and Mycobacterium grossiae DSM 104744 T should also members of genus Mycolicibacterium . The genome size of strain KC 300 T was 6.2 Mb with an in silico DNA G+C content of 69.2 mol%. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain KC 300 T were also consistent with the genus Mycolicibacterium . The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values, as well as phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, support that strain KC 300 T represents a new species within the genus Mycolicibacterium , for which the name Mycolicibacterium arseniciresistens sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KC 300 T (=CGMCC 1.19494 T =JCM 35915 T ). In addition, we reclassified Mycobacterium palauense and Mycobacterium grossiae as Mycolicibacterium palauense comb. nov. and Mycolicibacterium grossiae comb. nov., respectively.

Strain KC 927 T was isolated during an investigation of the soil bacteria diversity on Jiaozi Mountain, central Yunnan, Southwest China. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and aerobic. Results of 16S rRNA gene alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain KC 927 T was a member of the genus Chryseobacterium and closely related to Chryseobacterium caseinilyticum GCR10 T (98.4%), Chryseobacterium piscicola DSM 21068 T (98.3 %) and ' Chryseobacterium formosus ' CCTCC AB 2015118 T (97.9 %). With a genome size of 4 348 708 bp, strain KC 927 T had 33.5 mol% DNA G + C content and contained 4012 protein-coding genes and 77 RNA genes. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain KC 927 T and C. caseinilyticum GCR10 T , C. piscicola DSM 21068 T and ' C. formosus ' CCTCC AB 2015118 T were 80.1, 79.6 and 90.7 %, and 25.5, 23.6 and 42.0 %, respectively. The main polar lipid of strain KC 927 T was phosphatidylethanolamine and the respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major fatty acids (≥10 %) were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 1  ω 9 c and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH. Evidence from phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses support that strain KC 927 T represents a new species of the genus Chryseobacterium , for which the name Chryseobacterium luquanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KC 927 T (=CGMCC 1.18760 T =JCM 35707 T ).

A new Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated bacterium was isolated from soil in the Guishan, Xinping County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China, and named YIM B01952 T . Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with up to ≤ 5.0% (w/v) NaCl on Tryptic Soy Broth Agar (TSA) plates. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and draft-genome sequence showed that strain YIM B01952 T belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, and was closely related to the type strain of Pseudomonas alcaligenes (sequence similarity was 98.8%). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value between strain YIM B01952 T and the parallel strain P. alcaligenes ATCC 14909 T was 49.0% based on the draft genome sequence. The predominant menaquinone was Q-9. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c and/or C 18:1 ω7c), summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω7c) and C 16:0 . The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The genome size of strain YIM B01952 T was 4.341 Mb, comprising 4156 predicted genes with a DNA G + C content of 66.4 mol%. In addition, we detected that strain YIM B01952 T had some traditional functional genes (plant growth promotion and multidrug resistance), unique genes through genome comparison and analysis with similar strains. Based on genetic analyses and biochemical characterization, the strain YIM B01952 T was identified as a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas subflava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B01952 T (=CCTCC AB 2021498 T  = KCTC 92073 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

In this study, a novel aerobic mesophilic bacterial strain with capable of degrading chitin, designated YIM B06366 T , was isolated and classified. The rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, on-spore-forming bacterium originated from rhizosphere soil sample collected in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, southwest PR China. Strain YIM B06366 T exhibited growth at temperatures between 20 and 35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0). The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain YIM B06366 T was most closely related to type strain Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 T (98.9%). Phylogenetic analysis based on genome data indicated that strain YIM B06366 T should be assigned to the genus Chitinolyticbacter. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA Hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM B06366 T and the reference strain Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 T were 84.4% and 27.7%, respectively. The major fatty acids included Summed Feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c/C 16:1 ω7c), Summed Feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c/C 18:1 ω7c), and C 16:0 . The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinone was Q-8, and the genomic DNA G + C content was 64.1%. Considering the polyphasic taxonomic evidence, strain YIM B06366 T is proposed as a novel species within the genus Chitinolyticbacter, named Chitinolyticbacter albus sp. nov. (type strain YIM B06366 T  = KCTC 92434 T  = CCTCC AB 2022163 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Several groups of bacteria have complex life cycles involving cellular differentiation and multicellular structures. For example, actinobacteria of the genus Streptomyces form multicellular vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae, and spores. However, similar life cycles have not yet been described for archaea. Here, we show that several haloarchaea of the family Halobacteriaceae display a life cycle resembling that of Streptomyces bacteria. Strain YIM 93972 (isolated from a salt marsh) undergoes cellular differentiation into mycelia and spores. Other closely related strains are also able to form mycelia, and comparative genomic analyses point to gene signatures (apparent gain or loss of certain genes) that are shared by members of this clade within the Halobacteriaceae. Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of non-differentiating mutants suggest that a Cdc48-family ATPase might be involved in cellular differentiation in strain YIM 93972. Additionally, a gene encoding a putative oligopeptide transporter from YIM 93972 can restore the ability to form hyphae in a Streptomyces coelicolor mutant that carries a deletion in a homologous gene cluster (bldKA-bldKE), suggesting functional equivalence. We propose strain YIM 93972 as representative of a new species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Actinoarchaeum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. is herewith proposed. Our demonstration of a complex life cycle in a group of haloarchaea adds a new dimension to our understanding of the biological diversity and environmental adaptation of archaea., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

A Gram stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic and terminal endospore formation bacterium, designated YIM B00362 T , was isolated from saline soil samples collected from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole genomes indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. However, the highest sequence similarity between strain YIM B00362 T and the relatives was only 94.4%. Moreover, the DNA-DNA relatedness and ANI values between the novel isolate and the relative type strain, Paenibacillus antri SYSU K30003 T was 13.6% and 70.3%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15:0 , C 16:0 and the major quinone was MK-7. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglyceride, and two unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 50.9 mol%. The major whole-cell sugars contained glucose and galactose. On the basis of physiological, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM B00362 T represents a novel species of genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus alkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00362 T (= KCTC 43272  T  = CGMCC 1.18801  T  = NBRC 114667  T )., (© 2022. Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.)

The applications of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (CEO) are limited by instability, low solubility and high volatility. The present study aimed to improve the properties of CEO by microencapsulation with cyclodextrin metal organic frameworks (β-CD-MOFs) to enhance the preservation effects on Chinese bacon (preserved meat products). The microencapsulated CEO by β-CD-MOFs (CEO/β-CD-MOFs) not only did not inhibit the antioxidant activities of CEO, but also showed significant improvements on their ROS scavenging abilities and thermo-/pH-stabilities. The increases of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were 20.74% and 12.84%, respectively. In addition, less lipid oxidation, including malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and peroxide values (POV), of Chinese bacon was found after the CEO/β-CD-MOFs treatment than CEO and synthetic antioxidant (BHT) treatments. These results suggested the enhanced preservation effects of microencapsulated CEO on the processing of Chinese bacon and the great potential of β-CD-MOFs as carriers for essential oils in food industry applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A new aerobic bacterial strain, designated strain YIM B02290 T , was isolated from the soil of Machangqing, Dali city, Yunnan Province, China. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped, and motile with peritrichous flagella. Strain YIM B02290 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Brevibacillus laterosporus (97.6%) and Brevibacillus halotolerans (97.6%). The ANI and dDDH values between strain YIM B02290 T and the two reference strains Brevibacillus laterosporus LAM00312 T and Brevibacillus halotolerans DSM 25 T are 72.6% and 72.2%, 20.2% and 19.5% based on the draft genome sequence, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids contain anteiso-C 15: 0 and iso-C 15: 0 . The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was identified as menaquinone-7. The main polar lipids of strain YIM B02290 T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphatidyl monomethylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G + C content was 40.6 mol%. All results showed that strain YIM B02290 T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus daliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02290 T (= CCTCC AB 2021094 T  = CGMCC 1.18802 T  = KCTC 43376 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A bacterial strain, Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, designated YIM B00624 T which was isolated from a Hamazui hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The strain grew well on International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 2 medium and colonies were creamy yellow, flat and circular. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM B00624 T was closely related to the type strain of Paenibacillus filicis S4 T (95.9%). The main menaquinone of strain YIM B00624 T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and major fatty acids were anteiso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 17:0 and C 16:0 . The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM B00624 T was 53.4 mol%. Based on physiological, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM B00624 T belongs to a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hamazuiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00624 T (= CGMCC 1.19245 T  = KCTC 43365 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigment-producing bacteria was isolated from Baima snow mountain of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM B04101 T was closely related to the type strain of Dyadobacter koreensis DSM 19938 T (97.81%) and Dyadobacter frigoris AR-3-8 T (97.95%). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c/C 16:1 ω6c), C 18:1 ω9c and C 16:0 . The DNA G + C content was 43.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain YIM B04101 T belonged to a cluster comprising species of the genus Dyadobacter. However, it differed from its closest relative, Dyadobacter koreensis KCTC 12537 T and Dyadobacter frigoris AR-3-8 T , in many physiological properties. Based on these phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain YIM B04101 T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter diqingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B04101 T (= CGMCC 1.19249 T  = CCTCC AB 2021270)., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria strain, named YIM B01951 T , was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Mopan Mountain National Forest Park, Xinping City, Yunnan Province, southwest PR China (101°58'06" N, 23°03'02" E). Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.5) and with up to ≤ 3.0% (w/v) NaCl on Nutrient Agar plates. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM B01951 T was closely related to the type strain of Cohnella arctica M9-62 T (96.5%) and Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B T (96.3%). YIM B01951 T contains anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids; the main polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysylphosphatidylglycerol (PGL) and five aminophospholipids (APL). The MK-7 is the major respiratory quinone and the DNA G + C content is 49.2 mol%. Based on these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM B01951 T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Cohnella, and named Cohnella mopanensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM B01951 T (= NBRC 115331 T  = KCTC 43370 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Vision is important for fish to forage food and fishes express opsin genes to receive visual signals. Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) larvae prey on other fish species larvae at firstfeeding but donoteat any zooplankton, the expression of opsin genes in S. chuatsilarvae is unknown. In this study, we conducted a whole-genome analysis and demonstrated that S. chuatsihave5cone opsin genes (sws1, sws2Aα, sws2Aβ, rh2and lws)and 2 rod opsin genes (rh1and rh1-exorh). The syntenicanalysisshowedthe flanking genes ofall opsin genes were conserved during fish evolution, but the ancestorof S. chuatsimightlost some opsin gene copies duringtheevolution.The phylogeneticanalysisshowed sws1of S. chuatsiwas closest to those of Lates calcariferwhich had a truncated sws1gene; the sws2Aα, sws2Aβ,lws,rh2,rh1 andrh1-exorh of S. chuatsihad a closer relationship with those of Percomorpha fishes.Importantly, results of in situhybridization showed the sws1 opsingene,which is related to forage zooplankton,had extremely low levelexpression in retinaat early stages.Surprisingly, the rh2 opsin gene had a high level expression at firstfeeding stage. The sws2Aα, sws2Aβand lwshad a little expression at early stages but the lwsshowed a increasing trend with larval development, rh1 opsin gene expression appeared at15 dph. In thisstudy, we found a specialpattern of visual opsin genes expression in S. chuatsi, it might influence the larval first feeding and feeding habit., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain YIM B00319 T , was isolated from a sediment sample obtained from Wuzunbulake salt Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences along with the whole genome showed that strain YIM B00319 T belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to Bacillus horti K13 T and Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus JCM 10596 T , with sequence similarities of 95.7% and 94.6%, respectively. The genome of strain YIM B00319 T was 3.77 Mbp with a DNA G + C content of 43%. Strain YIM B00319 T grew at 15-45 ℃, pH 7.0-9.5 and with 3-11% (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory quinone of strain YIM B00319 T was MK-7, and the major fatty acids (> 10%) were iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , and summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω7c). The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic, and phylogenetic information, strain YIM B00319 T represents a novel species of the genus Caldalkalibacillus, for which the name Caldalkalibacillus salinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00319 T (= CGMCC 1.18750 T  = NBRC 115338 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram stain-positive, rod-shaped, and subterminal endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain YIM B01967 T , was isolated from a forest soil sample collected in Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, Yuxi City, Xinpin county, Yunnan province, China. Strain YIM B01967 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Viridibacillus arvi (99.1%) and Viridibacillus arenosi (98.9%). Based on the phylogenetic and 16S rRNA gene sequence results, strain YIM B01967 T was affiliated to the genus Viridibacillus. The growth of YIM B01967 T was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum in 2% NaCl). The cell wall sugars include ribose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose. The quinone system consisted of the major compound MK-8 and moderate amounts of MK-7. The major fatty acids (> 10%) included iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , C 16:1 ω10c. The major polar lipids profile included DPG, PME. The cell wall peptidoglycan was most likely of the type A4α with an L-Lys-D-Asp interpeptide bridge. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain YIM B01967 T was 36.3 mol%. The ANI and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM B01967 T and Viridibacillus arvi DSM 16317  T , Viridibacillus arenosi DSM 16319  T were 61.0% and 32.1%, 60.0% and 33.1% based on the draft genome sequence. The results support the conclusion that strain YIM B01967 T represents a novel species of the genus Viridibacillus, for which the name Viridibacillus soli sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM B01967 T (= KCTC 43249  T  = CGMCC 1.18436  T )., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-stain-positive, coccus-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, designated YIM S02567 T , was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Gejiu City, Yunnan Province, southwest PR China. Growth was observed at 10-45 °C, at pH 6.0-9.5, in the presence of up to 4.0% (w/v) NaCl on R2A medium. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM S02567 T was most closely related to the type strain of Brevilactibacter sinopodophylli (95.4%) and Propioniciclava tarda (94.7%), and phylogenetic analysis based on genome data showed that strain YIM S02567 T should be assigned to the genus Propioniciclava. The cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C 15:0 and C 16:0 , and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and two unidentified glycolipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The genomic DNA G + C content was 71.2 mol%. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic evidence, strain YIM S02567 T is assigned to a novel member of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava soli sp. nov., (type strain YIM S02567 T  = CCTCC AB 2020128 T  = CGMCC 1.18504 T  = KCTC 49478 T ) is proposed. Furthermore, we propose the reclassification of Brevilactibacter as Propioniciclava gen. nov., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: This study aimed to explore the orthographic processing of simplified Chinese characters in developmental dyslexic children in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China, and provide a theoretical basis for intervention strategies for developmental dyslexia in Chinese., Methods: Using event-related potential (ERP) measures, 18 developmental dyslexic children and 23 typically developing children performed a character decision task with three types of stimuli: real characters (RCs), pseudocharacters (PCs), and noncharacters (NCs)., Results: Behavioral results showed that the control children displayed a faster and higher accurate performance than the dyslexic children across PCs and NCs. ERP data revealed that the RCs and PCs elicited a stronger P200 than the NCs. Compared with the RCs and NCs, children in the control group showed more N400 negatives for PCs. It is worth mentioning that dyslexic children did not show any difference on N400, which reflected the insufficient orthographic processing of dyslexic children in China., Conclusion: These results show that Chinese dyslexic children had orthographic processing defects., (© 2021. Huazhong University of Science and Technology.)

Dozens of genes are associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and an oligogenic etiology has been suggested. However, the associated genes may account for only approximately 50% cases. In addition, a genomic systematic pedigree analysis is still lacking. Here, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on 18 unrelated men affected by IHH and their corresponding parents. Notably, one reported and 10 novel variants in eight known IHH causative genes (AXL, CCDC141, CHD7, DMXL2, FGFR1, PNPLA6, POLR3A, and PROKR2), nine variants in nine recently reported candidate genes (DCAF17, DCC, EGF, IGSF10, NOTCH1, PDE3A, RELN, SLIT2, and TRAPPC9), and four variants in four novel candidate genes for IHH (CCDC88C, CDON, GADL1, and SPRED3) were identified in 77.8% (14/18) of IHH cases. Among them, eight (8/18, 44.4%) cases carried more than one variant in IHH-related genes, supporting the oligogenic model. Interestingly, we found that those variants tended to be maternally inherited (maternal with n = 17 vs paternal with n = 7; P = 0.028). Our further retrospective investigation of published reports replicated the maternal bias (maternal with n = 46 vs paternal with n = 28; P = 0.024). Our study extended a variant spectrum for IHH and provided the first evidence that women are probably more tolerant to variants of IHH-related genes than men., Competing Interests: None

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated YIM 75000 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from a dry-hot river valley in Yunnan Province, P.R. China. Growth was observed at 10-45 °C (optimal 37 °C), 0-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimal at 0-3% NaCl) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal at pH 7.3). The peptidoglycan contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid as well as alanine and its type was A3γ with an LL-Dpm-Gly interpeptide bridge. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C 16:0 , Summed In Feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c/C 16:1 ω7c) and C 17:1 ω8c. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The major whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, arabinose and mannose. The DNA G+C content was 77.0 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain YIM 75000 T with other species were less than 94%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome data, revealed that strain YIM 75000 T together with the genus Motilibacter formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the phylum Actinobacteria, separating them from members of all orders. Strain YIM 75000 T showed 73.4-73.7% average nucleotide identity and 19.5-19.7% digital DNA-DNA hybridization identity with the closely related genus Motilibacter. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that the new isolate represents the nomenclature type of the novel species Vallicoccus soli gen. nov., sp. nov. (YIM 75000 T  = DSM 45377 T  = KCTC 49228 T  = CGMCC 1.13844 T ) which is the nomenclature type of the novel genus Vallicoccus gen. nov. within Vallicoccaceae fam. nov and Motilibacterales ord. nov in the phylum Actinobacteria. The family Vallicoccaceae fam. nov. and the order Motilibacterales (contains Vallicoccaceae fam. nov. and Motilibacteraceae Lee 2013) ord. nov. are formally proposed.

A novel bacterium, XHU 5135 T , belonging to the genus Aidingimonas , was isolated from a salt lake sample collected in Xinjiang Province, north-west PR China. The isolate was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Growth occurred at NaCl concentrations of 5-25 % (optimum, 10-13 %), at 13-41 °C (35-37 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (pH 7.0-8.0). The predominant ubiquinone was Q-9. The major fatty acids were C 19 : 0 cyclo ω 8 c and C 16 : 0 . The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.1 mol%. The affiliation of strain XHU 5135 T with the genus Aidingimonas was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. The closest type strain was Aidingimonas halophile YIM 90637 T , which showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.5 %. The ANI value between XHU 5135 T and the closest type strain was 80.01 %. The estimated digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimate value between strain XHU 5135 T and the closest type strain was 22.80 %. Phenotypically, the characteristics of XHU 5135 T were shown to differ from the most closely related species, A. halophila . On the basis of the data from this polyphasic study, strain XHU 5135 T represents a novel species of the genus Aidingimonas , for which the name Aidingimonas lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain XHU 5135 T (=CCTCC AB 2016344 T =KCTC 42945 T =DSM 104700 T ).

A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated py1325 T , was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis collected from Yunnan Province, PR China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. It grew optimally with 0-1 % NaCl (w/v), at pH 7 and at 30 °C. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso -diaminopimelic acid. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the highest levels of sequence similarity with respect to Paenibacillus luteus R-3 T (99.0 %), Paenibacillus sinopodophylli CCTCC AB 2016047 T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417 T (97.5 %) and Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297 T (97.2 %). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between py1325 T and these species ranged 20.6-53.3 % and 79.9-93.6 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.7 mol%. According to the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain py1325 T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus paridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is py1325 T (=CCTCC AB 2015220 T =LMG 29068 T ).