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Background: High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) can lead to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, which is one of the important risk factors for ischemic stroke (IS). However, details regarding the evolution of the IS burden attributable to high LDL-C in China has not been available. The objective of this study was to examine the changes over time, from 1990 to 2019, in the burden of IS attributed to high levels of LDL-C in China and to estimate the individual impacts of age, period, and cohort on the burden of IS associated with high LDL-C. Methods: Detailed data on IS burden attributable to high LDL-C from 1990 to 2019 in China were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The numbers and age-standardized rates of IS-related mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high LDL-C were assessed by age and sex. The annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the burden of IS due to high LDL-C were analyzed using Joinpoint regression model. The age-period-cohort analysis was carried out to assess the individual impacts of age, period, and cohort on the trends over time of mortality and DALY rate. Results: The number of IS-related deaths and DALYs due to high LDL-C in China were 182.7 thousand and 4.43 million in 2019, respectively, both more than double the corresponding numbers reported in 1990. However, despite these increased, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) remained unchanged. In 2019, men under 84 years of age had higher death and under 79 years of age had higher DALYs than women. However, above these ages, the gender disparities were reversed. Furthermore, age-specific rates of death, as well as DALY of IS attributable to high LDL-C in 2019 increased with age for both women and men, except for death in adults over 95 years old; and were greater in men than in women. From 1990 to 2019, males consistently had a higher ASMR and ASDR than females in China. During 1990–2019, the ASMR in women slightly decreased before 1997, sharply increased from 1997 to 2004, and then continuously decreased from 2004 to 2019, with an overall AAPC value of -0.4% (95% CI -0.8%, -0.0%). However, for the ASMR of men in China, the overall trend is upward and the AAPC is 0.5%(95% CI 0.1%, 0.8%). The ASDR in women and men had the similar trend as the ASMR over the time, with an AAPC of -0.4% (95% CI -0.7%, -0.1%) and 0.3% (95% CI 0.1%, 0.5%), respectively. The age-period-cohort analysis indicated a rise in period effects and a decline in cohort effects on mortality and DALY rate associated with IS caused by high LDL-C in both genders. Age effect on mortality rates from IS due to high LDL-C showed an exponential increased with age in all women and men except for the 60–69 age group and over 95 age group. The age relative risk of IS DALY rate due to high LDL-C increased with age in both genders except for 65–74 age group and over 95 age group. Conclusions: From 1990 to 2019, the burden of IS caused by high LDL-C in China significantly increased among both sexes combined and among men, while significantly decreased among women. Elderly have a substantial burden of IS attributable to high LDL-C. Therefore, effective and tailored strategies based on gender and age for IS primary prevention and management of IS and high LDL-C are urgently needed in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the burden of early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in China over three decades. A comprehensive analysis was performed using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Data on early-onset GI cancers in 2020 and from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2020 database and GBD 2019, respectively. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to analyze the temporal trends using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict future trends up to 2030. In China, there were 185,980 incident cases and 119,116 deaths of early-onset GI cancer in 2020, with the highest incidence and mortality observed in liver cancer (new cases: 71,662; deaths: 62,412). The spectrum of early-onset GI cancers in China has transitioned over the last 30 years. The age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years for colorectal and pancreatic cancers exhibited rapid increases (AAPC >0, P ≤ 0.001). The fastest-growing incidence rate was found in colorectal cancer (AAPC: 3.06, P < 0.001). Despite the decreases in liver, gastric, and esophageal cancers, these trends have been reversed or flattened in recent years. High body mass index was found to be the fastest-growing risk factor for early-onset GI cancers (estimated annual percentage change: 2.75–4.19, P < 0.05). Projection analyses showed an increasing trend in age-standardized incidence rates for almost all early-onset GI cancers during 2020–2030. The transitioning pattern of early-onset GI cancers in China emphasizes the urgency of addressing this public health challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is currently the number one malignancy death rate disease in China, and its disease burden is serious. The study aimed to analyze trends of LC and its risk factor attributable disease in China from 1990 to 2019 and predict the next 41 years. Methods: The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to analyze the trend of LC and its risk factor attributable incidence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) rate in China from 1990 to 2019, collected in the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Cochran–Armitage trends examine trends in lung cancer disease burden by sex, age, and attributable risk factor groups in China from 1990 to 2019. In addition, based on data on death and DALYs rate due to LC and its risk factors between 1990 and 2019, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was developed to predict the change in the trend of burden of disease due to LC and its risk factors over the next 41 years, and the model was evaluated using the model parameters root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the incidence, mortality and DALYs of LC were all increased. Among the eight risk factors associated with lung cancer, the DALYs rate and mortality rate of lung cancer risk factors for Chinese residents increased from 1990 to 2019, except for household air pollution from solid fuels and diet low in fruit, which showed a decrease; among them, the DALYs rate and mortality rate due to ambient particulate matter pollution showed the greatest increase with AAPC values of 2.880 and 3.310, respectively, while DALYs and mortality rates due to household air pollution from solid fuels showed the largest decreases, with AAPC values of −4.755 and −4.348, respectively. The results of the ARIMA model predictions show that both the mortality rate and the rate of DALYs for lung cancer are increasing yearly, and it is predicted that the rate of DALYs for lung cancer by 2060 will reach 740.095/100 000 and the mortality rate will reach 35.151/100 000. It is expected that by 2060, the top four risk factors for lung cancer in China will be, in order of DALYs rate and mortality rate, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG), and secondhand smoke, with HFPG showing the greatest increase. Conclusions: The LC burden increased from 1990 to 2019 in China, the LC burden that could be attributed to HFPG will continue to increase in the next 40 years, and will be the third most factor by 2060. Targeted interventions are warranted to facilitate the prevention of LC and improvement of health‐related quality of life patients with LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a serious global public health issue. However, there are few reports on trends in antimicrobial susceptibility in Chinese neonates, and most of the existing evidence has been derived from adult studies. We aimed to assess the trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of common pathogens in full-term neonates with invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in China. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility in Chinese neonates with IBIs from 17 hospitals, spanning from January 2012 to December 2021. Joinpoint regression model was applied to illustrate the trends and calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Using Mantel-Haenszel linear-by-linear association chi-square test, we further compared the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by pathogens between 2019 and 2021 to provide precise estimates of changes. Results: The proportion of Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-negative strains increased from 0.0 to 88.5% (AAPC = 62.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 44.3%, 82.9%), with two breakpoints in 2014 and 2018 (p-trend < 0.001). The susceptibility of group B Streptococcus (GBS) to erythromycin and clindamycin increased by 66.7% and 42.8%, respectively (AAPC = 55.2%, 95% CI: 23.2%, 95.5%, p-trend = 0.002; AAPC = 54.8%, 95% CI: 9.6%, 118.6%, p-trend < 0.001), as did Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin (AAPC = 56.2%; 95% CI: 34.8%, 81.0%, p-trend < 0.001). However, the susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. to ampicillin declined from 100.0 to 25.0% (AAPC = − 11.7%, 95% CI: − 15.2%, − 8.1%, p-trend < 0.001), and no significant improvement was observed in the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, gentamicin, and cephalosporin. Additionally, the proportion of GBS/Staphylococcus aureus with relatively low MIC values for relevant antibiotics also increased in 2021 compared to 2019. Conclusions: Antimicrobial susceptibility of the most prevalent pathogens in full-term neonates seemed to have improved or remained stable over the last decade in China, implying the effectiveness of policies and practice of antibiotic stewardship had gradually emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of globalization, Chinese young adults who transit to adulthood currently are being exposed to a combination of traditional Chinese values such as collectivism and Confucian philosophy, as well as Western individualism. We analyzed the trends in depression prevalence within an 8-year period using panel data derived from young adults in China. The investigation further delved into the multifaceted correlates of depression, including demographic profiles, health-related parameters, and consequential life events. Data were obtained from five cycles, 2010 to 2018, of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Participants included adults aged 18 to 24 years (total analytic sample N = 15,442). Depression symptoms increased in prevalence in Chinese young adults over the eight years; therefore, depression screening should be regularly conducted in this demographic. This study highlights the issue's gravity and suggests potential correlations with cultural, regional economic development level, gender, religion, hukou (household registration), lifestyle, chronic health conditions, on-going school attendance, and marital factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA) can be estimated either at the large scale from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) or at the local scale based on in situ observed groundwater level (GWL) and aquifer storage parameters. Yet, the accuracy of GRACE‐based estimate is affected by leakage errors, while that of local GWL‐based estimate requires the reliable specific yield (Sy) data that are usually not available. Here, we developed a novel approach, the coordinated forward modeling (CoFM), based on the iterative forward modeling to improve GWSA estimation at the sub‐regional scale smaller than the typical GRACE footprint. It is achieved by solving Sy through iterative comparisons between GRACE‐based and observation‐based GWSA at 0.5° grid scale, and then re‐calculating GWSA using the updated Sy and observed GWL. The utility of CoFM is explored by using the hypothetical experiments and a real case study in the Piedmont Plain (PP, ∼54,000 km2) and East‐central Plain (ECP, ∼86,000 km2) of North China Plain. Results show that CoFM can detect GWSA at 0.5° grid scale in the hypothetical experiments given the large spatial variability of GWL. While in the real case study, the CoFM distinguishes between the divergent unconfined GWSA trends (2005–2016) in PP (−41.80 ± 0.55 mm/yr) and ECP (−7.57 ± 0.60 mm/yr) caused by the differences in hydrogeological conditions and groundwater use. The improvement made by CoFM can be attributed to the use of the distributed GWL information to constrain GRACE leakage errors. This study highlights a practical important solution for improving sub‐regional GWSA estimation through the joint use of large‐scale GRACE data and local‐scale well observations. Key Points: A coordinated forward modeling (CoFM) is developed to utilize in situ groundwater level to constrain Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment leakage errorsCoFM enables the estimation of sub‐regional groundwater storage variations without requiring reliable specific yield dataCoFM estimates groundwater depletion rate in the piedmont unconfined aquifers of North China Plain (NCP) is ∼6 times of that in the east‐central area of NCP [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Global antipsychotic usage, including off-label prescriptions, has increased in recent decades. However, trends in China, particularly for children and adolescents, remain unclear. This study explored these trends from 2016 to 2021 and identified factors associated with off-label prescriptions. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed on-label and off-label prescriptions based on drug information approved by the China National Medical Products Administration. To identify factors associated with off-label prescriptions, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Our study included 48,258 antipsychotic prescriptions, 52.4% (25,295) of which were prescriptions for males. Of these, 61.7% (29,813) were off-label. Over time, the number of antipsychotics and the percentage of off-label prescriptions for children and adolescents overall increased from 2016 to 2021. The use of atypical antipsychotics increased, whereas that of typical antipsychotics decreased. For off-label usage, all of the factors in our study were associated with off-label usage, including age, sex, year, region, department, reimbursement, antipsychotic type, drug expense, number of polypharmacy and diagnoses. Additionally, tiapride (15.8%) and aripiprazole (18.6%) were the most common typical and atypical antipsychotics, respectively. For pediatric diseases, common diagnoses included mood or affective disorders (31.7%) and behavioral and emotional disorders, with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (29.1%). Furthermore, a depressive state was the most common diagnosis for which antipsychotic polypharmacy was used for treatment. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, off-label antipsychotic prescriptions were common, with trends generally increasing among children and adolescents from 2016 to 2021. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting off-label usage, thus emphasizing the need for studies on the efficacy and safety of these treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The association between intestinalmicrobiota and lipids has garnered significant scholarly interest. This study analyzes pertinent literature on intestinal microbiota and lipids to offer scientific guidance for future advancements and research directions. Methods: Articles focusing on intestinal microbiota and lipids were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Following a rigorous screening process, 12,693 articles were included in the study. The collected data was processed comprehensively and visually analyzed using various academic tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R software, and Scimago Graphica. Results: The field of intestinal microbiota and its relationship with major lipids has witnessed a significant surge in scholarly attention, as indicated by the upward trend observed in related articles. Among countries, China had emerged as the leading contributor in publication output, with Chinese Acad Sci being the most prolific institution in this field. Notably, Nutrients and Nature were the prominent journals that published many articles and garnered the highest number of co-citations. Scholars have widely recognized Patrice D Cani's notable contributions in this field. Current research endeavors have focused on obesity, insulin resistance, metabolism, growth performance, the gut-brain axis, and others. Conclusions: Our analysis identified four primary research trends: "biochemical pathways," "exploration of diseases," "intervention and effect," and "health and diet." Future scholars must devote more attention to intestinal microbiota and major lipids to advance our understanding of human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding changes in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its impact factors is important for regional vegetation protection and restoration. Based on NDVI from the Landsat TM/OLI dataset and meteorological data, we analyzed the changes of NDVI and its relationships with climatic factors in the shell ridge island of the Yellow River Delta in China from 1991 to 2020. The results showed that NDVI significantly increased in the shell ridge island of the Yellow River Delta from 1991 to 2020, and the rate was 0.03/10 year. The mean value of NDVI was less than 0.20, indicating that the regional vegetation cover is low. The relationships between NDVI and climatic factors were different in the shell ridge island of the Yellow River Delta. The correlation between NDVI and precipitation was stronger than that of temperature in the study area. Compared to other climatic factors, there was a significant positive correlation between NDVI and precipitation in August during the study period. Our findings suggest that precipitation plays an important role in influencing NDVI in the shell ridge island of the Yellow River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female sex workers (FSWs) are considered a high-risk group for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, limited data exist on the prevalence and trends of HIV, syphilis and HCV among FSWs in the Sino-Vietnam border area. To determine the prevalence, trends and correlates of STIs among Chinese local FSWs (CL-FSWs) and cross-border migrant FSWs (CM-FSWs), we conducted consecutive cross-sectional surveys from 2016 to 2021, recruiting 7747 CL-FSWs and 932 CM-FSWs. The overall HIV, syphilis and HCV prevalence declined from 1.0%, 8.8% and 1.7% to 0.1%, 0.9% and 0.3%, respectively. There was no significant downward trend in the overall HIV and syphilis prevalence. However, HCV prevalence showed a decreasing trend among CL-FSWs. CM-FSWs had higher HIV prevalence (2.5% vs. 0.6%). Similarities and differences in STIs-related factors existed between CM-FSWs and CL-FSWs. For instance, receiving HIV-related services in the last year reduced the risk of HIV infection (for CM-FSWs: aOR = 0.234, 95% CI: 0.055–0.993; for CL-FSWs: aOR = 0.182, 95% CI: 0.058–0.567). Serving male clients at least 50 years old increased the risk of syphilis infection (for CM-FSWs: aOR = 4.277, 95% CI: 1.535–11.917; for CL-FSWs: aOR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.087–1.815). Moreover, CM-FSWs with past-year STIs history had a higher risk of HIV (aOR = 34.976, 95% CI: 5.338–229.176) and HCV infection (aOR = 17.649, 95% CI: 1.846–168.846), both of which were associated with multiple factors in CL-FSWs. It is therefore necessary to develop effective, accessible, high-quality and targeted interventions for CM-FSWs and CL-FSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weighting models according to their performance has been used to produce multimodel climate change projections. But the added value of model weighting for future projection is not always examined. Here we apply an imperfect model framework to evaluate the added value of model weighting in projecting summer temperature changes over China. Members of large-ensemble simulations by three climate models of different climate sensitivities are used as pseudo-observations for the past and the future. Performance of the models participating in the phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are evaluated against the pseudo-observations based on simulated historical climatology and trends in global, regional, and local temperatures to determine the model weights for future projection. The weighted projections are then compared with the pseudo-observations in the future period. We find that regional trend as a metric of model performance yields generally better skill for future projection, while past climatology as performance metric does not lead to a significant improvement to projection. Trend at the grid-box scale is also not a good performance indicator as small-scale trend is highly uncertain. For the model weighting to be effective, the metric for evaluating the model's performance must be relatable to future changes, with the response signal separable from internal variability. Projected summer warming based on model weighting is similar to that of unweighted projection but the 5th–95th-percentile uncertainty range of the weighted projection is 38% smaller with the reduction mainly in the upper bound, with the largest reduction appearing in southeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the topography, climate, ecology, hydrology, and human environment vary greatly from southeast to northwest, and a typical natural and social environmental transition zone (i.e., comprehensive transition zone) exists near the "Hu Huanyong line," which is a famous demographic dividing line in China, known as the Hu zone. Dry and wet climate changes in the Hu zone can have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems and hydrological conditions, ultimately affecting human–land relations. However, there is still a lack of clear understanding of environmental changes in the context of climate change in the Hu zone. Here, a quantitative analysis of climate change and its impacts on terrestrial hydrology and ecosystems from 1951 to 2020 is presented. The results showed that there exists a significant drying trend in the Hu zone and a dramatic decrease in terrestrial water storage (TWS), indicating that the environment has become worse. Conversely, from the perspective of significant greening, the environment has improved. This contradiction is mainly due to climate change dominating the depletion of TWS, while the increase in vegetation greenness is more driven by human activities including agricultural management and ecological restoration, offsetting to some extent the negative impact of water scarcity on vegetation growth. Significance Statement: The Hu zone is a transition zone between southeast and northwest China, which is a sensitive area under climate change as well as key region for coordinated development. The purpose of this study is to reveal the long-term climate change in the Hu zone and its impacts on hydrology and ecology. Our results indicate a significant drying trend in this zone over the last 70 years, which led to a substantial reduction in water storage. However, the vegetation coverage increased due to human activities. This study provides guidance for agricultural structure adjustment and ecological protection in transition zones. Future research should focus more on the assessment and risk management of dry/wet changes in climate transition areas around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban-rural integration development is an important means of realising rural revitalisation, and agricultural and rural modernisation. We used the entropy method, kernel density analysis, the spatial exploratory data analysis method, and a geographic probe to analyse the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of urban-rural integration and its influencing factors in Hebei Province from 2005 to 2020. We found: First, urban-rural integration in the province's counties shows a fluctuating, albeit overall upward trend. In particular, 2005–2010 exhibited a fluctuating trend, while 2011–2020 exhibited rapid improvement in urban-rural integration. Second, the urban-rural integration development shows some persistence, with faster-developing (slower-developing) areas continue developing faster (slower). Third, the influencing factors of the urban-rural integration level diversify and evolve over time, with the number of dominant factors gradually growing from one to relatively diversified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an insidious onset. The widespread application of omics techniques in AD has attracted considerable attention. We aimed to make a comprehensive analysis of published omics articles on AD in order to determine the research profile and application trends of omics techniques in AD. Methods: This study utilizes bibliometric and visual methods including a map collaboration map, co-citations, and keywords to identify knowledge structures, hot topics, and research trends based on 6,828 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Results: The results of this study showed that 5654 institutions from 91 countries published articles in this field. The USA, China, and the UK played a leading role in publishing numerous articles in relevant journals as well as prolific institutions and authors, respectively. This paper collects a large number of literatures on the application of AD omics technology from the WoSCC database and found the omics technology applied to AD is mainly based on genomics technology. The application of transcriptomics technology has shown an increasing trend in recent years, and the application of multi-omics technology will be the general trend in the future. Conclusion: The development status, frontier hotspots, and general trends of omics application technologies are reviewed. This article will provide intelligence support to researchers and institutions in the field of Alzheimer's omics research and applications from a practical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is not only an important economic center in China, but also one of the major regions contributing to China's carbon emissions. Revealing the spatial distribution between carbon emissions and economic growth is essential for the formulation of low-carbon development policies. Following the principle from macro to micro, this paper investigates the spatial evolution trend and distribution characteristics between carbon emissions and economic growth in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2005 to 2020 by applying imbalance index model, the rank-scale rule, and decoupling index model. The results show that the imbalance index of carbon emissions decreased between 0.0601 and 0.0533 in a fluctuating way, indicating that the imbalance of spatial distribution of carbon emissions decreases. The imbalance index of economic growth increased between 0.0738 and 0.0851, indicating that economic growth has become more disequilibrated, and the spatial evolution of carbon emissions is not coordinated with economic growth. The Zipf dimension of carbon emissions declined from 1.1806 in 2005 to 0.9594 in 2020, and carbon emissions declined in big cities and increased in cities of the middle order. The Zipf dimension of economic growth increased from 1.1384 in 2005 to 1.2388 in 2020, and the economic growth monopoly in big cities increased. The decoupling coefficient of carbon emissions to economic growth declined, and the driving effect of economic growth on carbon emissions diminished. It is recommended that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should coordinate the allocation of factors and coordinate industrial adjustment. Hebei should accelerate industrial upgrading and establish a diversified industrial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliometric analysis (BA) is a knowledge synthesis methodology aimed at quantitively summarizing large amounts of bibliometric data. We aimed to summarize the performance of BAs in the health sciences. We searched Scopus for BAs in the health sciences published prior to May 10, 2023. All identified studies were included. We performed a BA on these studies in two steps: performance analysis and science mapping. For the performance analysis, various indicators of scientific production were calculated using the bibliometrix R package. For the science mapping, VOSviewer was used to generate a co-authorship network and a keyword co-occurrence network. In total, 5,828 BAs were analyzed. Scientific production has exploded in the last years, with more than 1,500 BAs published in 2022 alone. Scientific impact (i.e. citations) has also been rising, although at a lesser pace. The mean number of citations per year per BA was 1.78. China was the most productive country, publishing more BAs than the nine other most productive countries combined. China paradoxically had a lower number of citations per publication compared with the nine other most productive countries. International collaborations were rare. Common BA themes included oncology, public health, neurosciences, mental health, artificial intelligence, and COVID-19. BAs are increasingly common in the health sciences, but their performance remains limited. More international collaborations and standardized guidelines could help improve their performance, notably the frequency at which they are cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The algorithm of the scanning t-test of regression slope-coefficients in two phases is introduced to detect trend change-points, along with a coherency analysis of changes between two time series. This new algorithm is different from the previously published scanning Fmax test of trend changes. Meanwhile, the fuzzy weighted moving average (FWMA) was employed to intuitively verify the results of segment regressions. Then, these algorithms were applied to two series of monthly temperature over mainland China and the globe for January 1901-December 2020. The applied results show that significant changes in segment trends may be classified into two gradations on interdecadal and intradecadal scales. The coherency of trend changes between the two series were mostly positive, with a few differences in the change dates. The global warming "hiatus" was detected as two processes on the intradecadel scale: a sharp droop-down from July 1998 to February 2000 following a short warming up; the second weaker droop-down happened from November 2003 to July 2009. Thus, it was featured on the interdecadel scale as the warming rate slowed down to be nearly stable from October 2002 to June 2009 in globally but without turning into cooling. Mainland China seemed to slow down weaker, but lasted longer than the globe. A somewhat unexpected finding is that the warming rate over Mainland China was lower than that for the globe in the case of standardized differences. This contradicts the previous conclusion that resulted from annual anomalies of temperature. It is suggested that the anomalies in the distribution N(0,s) might be referred to the "perceptual" index to compare variations in the same series or between two series but with the same variance and distribution, while referring to the standardized differences in N(0,1) as a "net" indicator to compare fluctuations between two series with different variances, even in different distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hyperuricemia-related investigations in economically developed areas of China are limited and outdated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and trends of hyperuricemia in adults over 40 years of age between 2017 and 2020. Subject and methods: The data was obtained from the Huangqiao Chronic Diseases Study. A total of 7161, 6368, 8465, and 5968 individuals participated in the Huangqiao Chronic Diseases Study from 2017 to 2020, respectively. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum urate level of >7.0 mg/dL for men and > 6.0 mg/dL for women. A generalized estimation equation (GEE) was adopted to test the trends of hyperuricemia prevalence among adults. Results: Crude, age-standardized hyperuricemia prevalence rates were 37.10% and 36.47%, respectively, in adults over 40 years old in 2020. Females had a lower risk of having hyperuricemia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.98]. As the participant's age increased by 10-year increments, the risk of having hyperuricemia also increased (AOR 1.20; 95% CI 1.13–1.28). Participants with hypertriglyceridemia had a greater risk of having hyperuricemia (AOR 2.20; 95% CI 1.96–2.47). Participants with overweight and obesity had a greater risk of having hyperuricemia (AOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.65–2.11 and AOR 3.33; 95% CI 2.82–3.93, respectively). The prevalence of hyperuricemia has increased by 16.13% in the past four years. Trend analysis revealed a serious annual upward trend from 2017 to 2020 [odds ratio (OR) 1.33; 95% CI 1.30–1.35]. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent in adults aged over 40 years in economically developed regions in eastern China. A serious and continuous upward trend in the prevalence of hyperuricemia is observed. Prevention and control strategies for hyperuricemia are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs bibliometric analysis through CiteSpace to comprehensively evaluate the status and trends of MANF (mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor) research spanning 25 years (1997–2022). It aims to fill the gap in objective and comprehensive reviews of MANF research. MANF-related studies were extracted from the Web of Science database. MANF publications were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed for various factors by CiteSpace, including publication volume, journals, countries/regions, institutions, and authors. Keywords and references were visually analyzed to unveil research evolution and hotspot. Analysis of 353 MANF-related articles revealed escalating annual publications, indicating growing recognition of MANF's importance. High-impact journals such as the International Journal of Molecular Sciences and Journal of Biological Chemistry underscored MANF's interdisciplinary significance. Collaborative networks highlighted China and the USA's pivotal roles, while influential figures and partnerships drove understanding of MANF's mechanisms. Co-word analysis of MANF-related keywords exposed key evolutionary hotspots, encompassing neurotrophic effects, cytoprotective roles, MANF-related diseases, and the CDNF/MANF family. This progression from basic understanding to clinical potential showcased MANF's versatility from cellular protection to therapy. Bibliometric analysis reveals MANF's diverse research trends and pathways, from basics to clinical applications, driving medical progress. This comprehensive assessment enriches understanding and empowers researchers for dynamic evolution, advancing innovation, and benefiting patients. Bibliometric analysis of MANF research. The graphical abstract depicts the bibliometric analysis of MANF research, highlighting its aims, methods, and key results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pan evaporation (Epan) serves as a monitorable method for estimating potential evaporation, evapotranspiration, and reference crop evapotranspiration, providing crucial data and information for fields such as water resource management and agricultural irrigation. Based on the PenPan model, the monthly Epan was calculated over China during 1951-2021, resulting in an average R² of 0.93 6 0.045 and an RMSE of 21.48 6 6.06 mm month-1. The trend of Epan over time was characterized by an initial increase before 1961, followed by a decrease from 1961 to 1993, and a subsequent increase from 1994 to 2021. However, the sustained duration and magnitude of the decreasing trend led to an overall decreasing trend in the long-term dataset. To better understand the drivers of Epan trends, the Epan process was decomposed into radiative and aerodynamic components. While radiation was found to be the dominant component, its trend remained relatively stable over time. In contrast, the aerodynamic component, although smaller in proportion, exhibited larger fluctuations and played a crucial role in the trend of Epan. The primary influencing factors of the aerodynamic component were found to be wind speed and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Wind speed and VPD jointly promoted Epan before 1961, and the significant decrease in wind speed from 1961 to 1993 led to a decrease in Epan. From 1994 to 2021, the increase in VPD was found to be the main driver of the observed increase in Epan. These results show the complex and dynamic nature of Epan and underscore the need for continued monitoring and in-depth analysis of its drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the prescription patterns and usage trends of antibiotics within primary care institutions located in underdeveloped regions of China from 2017 to 2022.Methods: A retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescriptions was conducted from 25 primary care institutions in Guizhou Province during the period of 2017– 2022. Antibiotic prescriptions were categorized into appropriate and inappropriate use. Appropriate use is further categorized into preferred medication, and antibiotics can be used or substituted. Inappropriate use is further categorized into unnecessary use, incorrect spectrum of antibiotics and combined use of antibiotics. Factors associated with inappropriate use were investigated using generalized estimation equations. Holt-Winters and SARIMA models were employed to predict the number of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions as the alternative model.Results: A total of 941,924 prescriptions were included, revealing a decreasing trend in both the number and inappropriate rates of antibiotic prescriptions from 2017 to 2022. Diseases of the respiratory system (70.66%) was the most frequent target of antibiotic use, with acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites representing 52.04% of these cases. The most commonly used antibiotics were penicillins (64.44%). Among all prescriptions, inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions reached 66.19%. Physicians aged over 35, holding the title of associate chief physician and possessing more than 11 years of experience were more likely to prescribe antibiotics inappropriately. The phenomenon of inappropriate antibiotic use was commoner among children aged five or younger. By comparing model parameters, it was determined that the SARIMA model outperforms the Holt-Winters model in predicting the number of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions among primary care institutions.Conclusion: The number and inappropriate rates of antibiotic prescriptions in southwest China exhibited a downward trend from 2017 to 2022, but inappropriate prescription remains a serious problem in primary care institutions. Therefore, future efforts should focus on strengthening physician education, training, and clinical practice. Additionally, physicians' awareness of common misconceptions about inappropriate antibiotic use must be improved, and the prescribing behavior of physicians who fulfill patients' expectations by prescribing antibiotics needs to be modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's pulp and paper industry (CPPI) has been always the main carbon emission source in recent years. However, the analysis on influencing factors of carbon emissions from this industry is insufficient. To address the issue, the CO2 emissions from CPPI are estimated in the period of 2005–2019, the driving factors of CO2 emissions are investigated by the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, the decoupling state of economic growth and CO2 emissions is determined by Tapio decoupling model, and finally, future CO2 emissions are predicted under four scenarios by the STIRPAT model to explore the potential of carbon peaking. The results show that CPPI exhibits a rapid increase and a fluctuating downward trend in CO2 emissions during the period of 2005–2013 and 2014–2019, respectively. The main promoting and inhibiting factors to the increase of CO2 emission are per capita industrial output value and energy intensity, respectively. There are five decoupling states of CO2 emissions and economic growth during the study period, and the CO2 emissions exhibit a weak decoupling state with the industrial output value growth in most years of the study period. It is very difficult to realize the carbon peaking goal by 2030 under the baseline and fast development scenarios. Therefore, efficient low carbon and strong low-carbon development policies are necessary and urgent for the realization of carbon peaking goal and the sustainable development of CPPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This study aims to help researchers master the most active hotspots and trends quickly through bibliometric analysis in the field of dysmenorrhea.Methods: We retrieved literature on Web of Science from 2001 to 2021, and bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace was used in combination with VOSviewer.Results: We finally acquired 944 papers and an upward trend in articles continued in this field overall. Through the map, China contributed the most, followed by the USA and Turkey. For institutions, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine in China contributed the most, followed by National Yang-Ming University in Taiwan, China. Hsieh JC and Hellman KM were both the most prolific authors with 14 articles. Five major research groups, respectively, with Hsieh JC, Hellman KM, Zhu J, Liang F and Dun W were the key group. Dawood MY was the most dominant author and most frequently cited author. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Journal was the most productive, and the Fertility and Sterility Journal was the most cited. Advances in pathogenesis and management for primary dysmenorrhea written by Dawood MY was most cited and influential. Pathophysiology, the potential central mechanism, syndrome, evaluation index, diagnosis of adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea, treatment, etc., were the main trends and hotspots.Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea research has received a lot of attention from scholars. Strengthening international cooperation may promote the development of this field. The pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea, its impact on public health and its treatment are current research hotspots and are likely to be the focus of future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open-cast coal mining is one of the most often-debated industries in the world. Due to the significant environmental and health issues it causes, many of these sites have been reclaimed over the years, and many scientific publications and research has followed. In this paper, we have tried to assess the trends in recent research performed on reclaimed coal mining sites (RMS) by analyzing the publications visible on Web of Science (WoS) between 2015 and 2020 and dividing the research into six categories. The results show that there is a trend of rapid increase in research that deals with carbon and its pooling, nutrients, vegetation, and microbiology, and a significant decline in research on RMS soil physical properties, whereas other categories have shown an increasing but relatively steady trend. The application of modern technologies is also discussed. China, the USA, and India are the countries that quantitatively take the lead in coal RMS research, with India slowly overtaking the US in more recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends and seasonal variations of antibiotic consumption by community residents in Hefei, China, over a 5-year period. This was an ecological study. Data on antibiotic consumption by community residents in Hefei between 2012 and 2016 were collected from the Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2021, SPSS 26.0 and R4.1.3. An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was modelled to assess the impact of policies on antibiotic consumption trends. Amoxicillin and cephalosporins accounted for 63.64% and 30.48%, respectively, of the total defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitant-days (DID) of antibiotics in 2016. The total consumption of antibiotics decreased from 6.92 DID in 2012 to 5.61 DID in 2016 (P trend = 0.017). Seasonal analysis showed an average of 34.24% antibiotic consumption in the winter over the 5 years. The equation constructed by the ITS analysis was Y = 5.530 + 0.323X1 − 7.574X2 − 0.323X3 + ε. Between 2012 and 2016, overall antibiotic consumption by community residents in Hefei decreased significantly. The impact of antibiotic policies, implemented between 2011 and 2013, started to appear in 2014 when the consumption of antibiotics decreased. This study has important policy implications for the use of antibiotics at the community level. Further studies on the trends of antibiotic consumption are required, and strategies should be designed to promote appropriate use of antibiotics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most basic features of climatological normals and variability are useful for describing observed or likely future climate fluctuations. Pan evaporation (Epan) is an important indicator of climate change; however, current research on Epan has focused on its change in mean rather than its variability. The variability of monthly Epan from 1961 to 2020 at 969 stations in China was analyzed using a theoretical framework that can distinguish changes in Epan variance between space and time. The Epan variance was decomposed into spatial and temporal components, and the temporal component was further decomposed into interannual and intra-annual components. The results show that the variance in Epan was mainly controlled by the temporal component. The time variance was mainly controlled by intra-annual variance, decreasing continuously in the first 30 years, and slightly increasing after the 1990s. This is mainly due to the fact that the decrease of wind speed and the increase of water vapor pressure deficit with the temperature increase offset each other and inhibit the variability of Epan. The variance decreased more in the northern region, whereas it exhibited a small decrease or slight increase in the southern region. The reduction in seasonality was dominated by spring, followed by summer. The differences in Epan variability in space and season were mainly caused by the differing rates of change in evaporation driving forces, such as a greater reduction in wind speed in the northern region and spring. Significance Statement: The purpose of this study is to better understand how the variability of evaporation changes rather than in mean under climate change. This is important because the variability is useful to describe the observed or likely future fluctuations, and a small fluctuation may have large impacts on water practices, such as agricultural production. Our findings showed that the temporal and spatial variability of evaporation decreased due to its drivers offsetting each other. However, because the drivers are numerous and continuously changing under climate change, it is necessary to pay attention to its mean and variability for serving water resources practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to identify and project the epidemiological trends and the burden of lung cancer in China. Methods: We extracted incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and age-standardized rates of lung cancer in China, between 1990 and 2019, from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2019). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was applied to quantify the trends of lung cancer burden. Furthermore, we used the Bayesian age-period-cohort model to project the incidence and mortality in the next decade. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the estimated national number of lung cancer incident cases increased by 224.0% to 832,920, deaths increased by 195.4% to 757,170 and DALYs increased by 146.1% to 17,128,580, respectively. Meanwhile, the ASIR, ASMR and ASDR showed an upward trend (EAPC of 1.33, 0.94 and 0.42, respectively). The ASIR and ASMR among males were about 2 times more than females, but the increase in ASIR in females (EAPC = 2.24) was more obvious than those in males (EAPC = 0.10) from 2020 to 2030. In China, smoking remained responsible for the highest burden of lung cancer, but the contribution of ambient particulate matter pollution to DALYs increased from 10.6% in 1990 to 22.5% in 2019 in total population. Moreover, we predicted that the number of deaths from lung cancer will increase by 42.7% in China by 2030. Conclusion: In China, the burden of lung cancer has been increasing over the past three decades, which highlights more targeted intervention measures are needed to reduce the burden of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an important global health problem affecting children and adolescents and detailed national information of disease burden in China is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the national disease burden of AD in Chinese children and adolescent, to provide the temporal trends over the past 30 years and to predict the burden for the next 10 years. Methods: The data of AD in China, including incidence, prevalence, and DALY, and population data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD study 2019), which were estimated using the DisMod-MR 2.1. We analyzed the three measures by age and sex; the age groups were <5 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years. The joinpoint regression analyses was conducted to assess the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. The Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict measures from 2020 to 2030. Results: In 2019, the highest incidence case and rate were observed in <5 years group; for prevalence and disability adjusted life year (DALY), the groups of <5 years and 5-9 years showed similar higher levels and the groups of 10-14 years and 15-19 years had similar relatively lower levels. Overall, the male-to-female ratios were >1 in <5 years group and <1 in 10-14 and 15-19 age groups. The trend analyses found an overall trend of decrease in cases of the three measures; in recent about 3 years, slight increase trends were shown in cases and rates of the three measures in <5 years group. The prediction analyses found a slight decreasing trend for cases of these measures and a slight increasing trend for rates of these measures in the <5 years group in the next 10 years; the 5-9 years group was predicted to increase slightly in rates of the three measures. Conclusion: In conclusion, the groups of <5 years and 5-9 years are two important populations that need targeted measures to reduce disease burden of AD in China. Regarding sex disparity, we should pay more attention to males in <5 years group and to females in 10-19 years group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Overweight and obesity are well-known risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, details on the evolution of the T2DM burden attributed to China's high body mass index (BMI) in China have not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trends of the T2DM burden attributable to a high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 and to evaluate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on the burden of T2DM attributed to a high BMI. Methods: Data on T2DM burden attributable to a high BMI from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of T2DM attributable to a high BMI were estimated by age and sex. The joinpoint regression model was performed to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the burden of T2DM attributed to a high BMI. The age-period-cohort analysis was applied to estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on the temporal trends of mortality and the DALY rate. Results: In 2019, deaths and DALYs from T2DM attributable to a high BMI in China were 47.53 thousand and 3.74 million, respectively, five times higher than in 1990. Among those under 60 years of age, men had higher deaths and DALYs than women, while the gender differences reversed in those over 60 years of age. Furthermore, the ASMR and ASDR in 2019 were 2.39 per 100,000 (95%UI 1.12-3.90) and 181.54 per 100,000 (95%UI 93.71-286.33), respectively, representing a 91% and 126% increase since 1990. In China, women previously had a higher ASMR and ASDR than men, while the differences in the ASMR and ASDR between the sexes were reversed in recent years. From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR in women increased before 2004 and then decreased from 2004 to 2015, and increased again after, with an overall AAPC value of 1.6%. In contrast, the ASMR in men continued to increase, with an overall AAPC value of 3.2%. The ASDR continued to increase in men and women, with AAPCs of 2.2% and 3.5%, respectively. The age effect showed that the relative risk of mortality increased with age in both men and women, except for the 75-84 age group. The impact of the age on the DALY rate revealed a trend of first rising and then decreasing, peaking at 65-69 years. The effect of the period on the burden of T2DM attributable to a high BMI increased from 1990 to 2019. The cohort effect generally showed a downward trend. Conclusion: The burden of T2DM attributed to a high BMI in China increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, particularly in men. Therefore, there is an urgent need for gender- and age-based public health guidelines on prevention strategies, early diagnosis, and effective management of T2DM, overweight, and obesity in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozone is a very important trace gas in the atmosphere, it is like a "double-edged sword". Because the ozone in the stratosphere can effectively help the earth's organisms to avoid the sun's ultraviolet radiation damage, the ozone near the ground causes pollution. Therefore, it is essential to explore the time-frequency domain variation characteristics of total column ozone and have a better understanding of its cyclic variation. In this paper, based on the monthly scale dataset of total column ozone (TCO) (September 2002 to February 2023) from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) carried by NASA's Aqua satellite, linear regression, coefficient of variation, Mann-Kendall (M-K) mutation tests, wavelet analysis, and empirical orthogonal function decomposition (EOF) analysis were used to analyze the variation characteristics of the TCO in China from the perspectives of time domain, frequency domain, and spatial characteristics. Finally, this study predicted the future of TCO data based on the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model in the time series algorithm. The results showed the following: (1) From 2003 to 2022, the TCO in China showed a slight downward trend, with an average annual change rate of −0.29 DU/a; the coefficient of variation analysis found that TCO had the smallest intra-year fluctuations in 2008 and the largest intra-year fluctuations in 2005. (2) Using the M-K mutation test, it was found that there was a mutation point in the total amount of column ozone in 2016. (3) Using wavelet analysis to analyze the frequency domain characteristics of the TCO, it was observed that TCO variation in China had a combination of 14-year, 6-year, and 4-year main cycles, where 14 years is the first main cycle with a 10-year cycle and 6 years is the second main cycle with a 4-year cycle. (4) The spatial distribution characteristics of the TCO in China were significantly different in each region, showing a distribution characteristic of being high in the northeast and low in the southwest. (5) Based on the EOF analysis of the TCO in China, it was found that the variance contribution rate of the first mode was as high as 52.85%, and its spatial distribution of eigenvectors showed a "-" distribution. Combined with the trend analysis of the time coefficient, this showed that the TCO in China has declined in the past 20 years. (6) The SARIMA model with the best parameters of (1, 1, 2) × (0, 1, 2, 12) based on the training on the TCO data was used for prediction, and the final model error rate was calculated as 1.34% using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) index, indicating a good model fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observed surface wind speed (SWS) over China has declined in the past four decades, and recently, the trend has reversed, which is known as SWS stilling and recovery. The observed SWS is vulnerable to changes in nonclimatic factors, i.e., inhomogeneity. Unfortunately, most of the existing studies on the long-term trend of SWS were based on raw datasets without homogenization. In this study, by means of geostrophic wind speed and penalized maximal t test, we conduct a systematic homogeneity test and exploration of the homogenization impact for SWS at over 2000 stations in China from 1970 to 2017. The results show that the inhomogeneity in the observed SWS over China is detectable at 59% of national weather stations. The breakpoint years are mainly concentrated in the late 1970s, mid-1990s, and early 2000s. Overall, 18% of breakpoints are caused by station relocations, and the remaining breakpoints are likely related to anemometer replacement and measurement environment changes that occurred during the mid-1990s and early 2000s. After homogenization, the decreasing trend in SWS during 1970–2017 decreased from −0.15 to −0.05 m s−1 decade−1. The homogenized SWS recovery period advanced from the early twenty-first century to the early 1990s, which is consistent with the SWS variations, excluding the impact of urbanization around weather stations. The phase change in the Western Hemisphere warm pool (WHWP) might be one of the causes of homogenized SWS recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: GABA-A receptors are the primary mediators of brain inhibitory neurotransmission. In the past years, many studies focused on this channel to decipher the pathogenesis of related diseases but lacked bibliometric analysis research. This study aims to explore the research status and identify the research trends of GABA-A receptor channels. Methods: Publications related to GABA-A receptor channels were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2012 to 2022. After screening, the VOSviewer 1.6.18 and Citespace 5.8 R3 were used for bibliometric analysis from journals, countries, institutions, authors, co-cited references and keywords. Results: We included 12,124 publications in the field of GABA-A receptor channels for analysis. The data shows that although there was a slight decrease in annual publications from 2012 to 2021, it remained at a relatively high level. Most publications were in the domain of neuroscience. Additionally, the United States was the most prolific country, followed by China. Univ Toronto was the most productive institution, and James M Cook led essential findings in this field. Furthermore, brain activation, GABAAR subunits expression, modulation mechanism in pain and anxiety behaviors and GABA and dopamine were paid attention to by researchers. And top research frontiers were molecular docking, autoimmune encephalitic series, obesity, sex difference, diagnosis and management, EEG and KCC2. Conclusion: Taken together, academic attention on GABA-A receptor channels was never neglected since 2012. Our analysis identified key information, such as core countries, institutions and authors in this field. Molecular docking, autoimmune encephalitic series, obesity, sex difference, diagnosis and management, EEG and KCC2 will be the future research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and changing management of GDM in pregnancy, it is imperative to understand the evolution of its current outcomes. The present study aimed to explore whether birth weight and large for gestational age (LGA) trends in women with GDM have changed over time in southern China. Methods: In this hospital-based retrospective study, all singleton live births for the period 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, China. GDM was diagnosed following the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group. The cutoff points for defining LGA (>90th centile) at birth based on INTERGROWTH-21st gender-specific standards. Linear regression was used to evaluate trends for birth weight over the years. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) of LGA between women with GDM and those without GDM. Results: Data from 115097 women with singleton live births were included. The total prevalence of GDM was 16.8%. GDM prevalence varied across different years, with the lowest prevalence in 2014 (15.0%) and the highest prevalence in 2021 (19.2%). The mean birth weight displayed decrease in women with GDM from 3.224kg in 2012 to 3.134kg in 2021, and the z score for mean birth weight decreased from 0.230 to -0.037 (P for trend < 0.001). Among women with GDM, the prevalence of macrosomia and LGA reduced significantly during the study period (from 5.1% to 3.0% in macrosomia and from 11.8% to 7.7% in LGA, respectively). Compared to women without GDM, women with GDM had 1.30 (95% CI: 1.23 - 1.38) times odds for LGA, and the ORs remained stable over the study period. Conclusions: Among offspring of women with GDM, there are decreased trends of birth weight in parallel with reductions in LGA prevalence between 2012 and 2021. However, the risk of LGA in women with GDM remains stable at relatively high level over the 10-year period, and efforts are still needed to address regarding causes and effective intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of multimodal metaphor has generated a growing body of literature over the past decades. However, a systemic review of the domain seems to be lacking in relevant literature. This study, therefore, is an attempt to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the field of multimodal metaphor during 1977-2022, with a focus on 397 relevant publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) with the visualization tool VOSviewer. Some major quantitative findings are: (i) the number of publications in multimodal research began to surge in 2010 upon the seminal work of Forceville's (2009); (ii) USA, China and Spain are the most productive countries; (iii) journals in the field of advertising, communication and linguistics are important sources of publications; and (iv) eleven clusters of keywords are identified, such as "visual metaphor", "persuasion", "pictures", "impact", "multimodal metaphor", "model", etc., representing crucial areas of interests. We also identified, by qualitative observations, three research trends in multimodal metaphor, driven by cognitive linguistic theory, the theory of pragmatics and visual/multimodal rhetoric theory, respectively. Various theoretical perspectives may shed light on possible further research on multimodal metaphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human influence on regional warming since 1901 has received little attention because of limited data during the early period. This study investigates the relative contribution of different external forcings to observed annual, summer, and winter warming in China over the period 1901–2018. First, four observational datasets were compared to validate data representativeness, particularly during the early twentieth century. Observed temperature changes were then compared with outputs from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) based on an optimal fingerprinting method. Generally, both generations of climate models were able to reliably reproduce long-term warming in China over the period 1901–2018; however, they slightly underestimate the amplitude of annual and winter temperature increases. The observed annual warming of 1.54°C from 1901 to 2018 was more rapid than the global mean and was mostly attributable to the anthropogenic forcing signal. The three-signal detection analyses, including greenhouse gas (GHG), anthropogenic aerosol (AA), and natural external (NAT) forcings, indicated the detectable and distinct influence of GHG and AA signals on annual, summer, and winter temperatures during 1901–2018. For annual mean temperature, the GHG and AA contributed to 2.06°C (from 1.58° to 2.54°C) and −0.45°C (from −0.17° to −0.73°C) of observed change, respectively. The GHG signal was detectable from individual CMIP6 models and thus was indicative of the robustness of this influence. While during 1951–2018, GHG and AA were simultaneously detected in the summer temperatures based on the CMIP6 models; here, the AA cooling effects offset approximately 25% of GHG-induced warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After nearly two decades of rising wages for those in the unskilled sectors of China's economy, in the mid-2010s employment and wages in China began to experience new polarizing trends. Using data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, this paper examines trends in multiple sectors and subeconomies of China, revealing the substantial rise of employment in informal, low-skilled services as well as the steady decline of wage growth in the informal subeconomy. At the same time, we find that although employment growth in the formal subeconomy is relatively moderate, wage growth in high-skilled services is steadily rising. These two trends pose a challenge for China, presenting a new and uncertain period of economic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future changes in spatiotemporal features of the mean wind speed over China have been extensively reported, but future changes in the maximum wind speed, such as the daily maximum wind speed (DMWS), were rarely estimated. In this study, the performance of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models in simulating the DMWS changes across China is evaluated, based on which the projection on DMWS is carried out under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The observed DMWS shows a significant reduction during all four seasons, with the strongest decrease in spring and the weakest decrease in autumn. The DMWS increases from January to April and decreases from April to August. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the DMWS are captured by the multimodel ensemble of CMIP6; however, the reduction of DMWS in CMIP6 is weaker than those in observations. The performance of CMIP6 in simulating the future DMWS changes over China shows regional and seasonal discrepancies. The projected DMWS exhibits a reduction for all SSPs from 2021 to 2100, and the decreasing trend is increased accompanied by the strength in the forcing scenario. The lower-emission scenario likely avoids the long-term weakening of the DMWS. The effects of strength in forcing scenarios on the trends of DMWS are more significant than the DMWS climate state. The seasonal cycle of the projected DMWS under the different SSPs is consistent with the historical DMWS; however, the strength in the forcing scenario could induce enhanced variability in the month-to-month DMWS difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the past and future burden of kidney cancer in China over years provides essential references for optimizing the prevention and management strategies. Methods: The data on incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and age-standardized rates of kidney cancer in China, 1990– 2019, were collected from the database of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to depict the trends of kidney cancer burden, and Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the incidence and mortality in the next decade. Results: Over the past 30 years, the number of new kidney cancer cases sharply increased from 11.07 thousand to 59.83 thousand, and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) tripled from 1.16/100,000 to 3.21/100,000. The mortality and DALYs also presented an increasing pattern. Smoking and high body mass index were mainly risk factors for kidney cancer. We predicted that by 2030, the incident cases and deaths of kidney cancer would increase to 126.8 thousand and 41.8 thousand, respectively. Conclusion: In the past 30 years, the kidney cancer burden gradually increased in China, and it will continue to rise in the next decade, which reveals more targeted intervention measures are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the trend of notified incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in China at different periods by population and region and to explore the effect of TB prevention and control in recent years. Using pooled data on TB cases reported by the TB Information Management Reporting System (TBIMS) from 2005 to 2020, we calculated the annual percentage change (APC) using the Joinpoint regression model. From 2005 to 2020, a total of 16.2 million cases of PTB were reported in China, with an average notified incidence of 75.5 per 100,000 population. The age standardization rate (ASR) continued to decline from 116.9 (/100,000) in 2005 to 47.6 (/100,000) in 2020, with an average annual decrease of 5.6% [APC = –5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): –7.0 to –4.2]. The smallest decline occurred in 2011–2018 (APC = –3.4, 95% CI : –4.6 to –2.3) and the largest decrease in 2018–2020 (APC = –9.2, 95% CI : –16.4 to –1.3). From 2005 to 2020, the ASR in males (159.8 per 100,000 in 2005, 72.0 per 100,000 in 2020) was higher than that in females (62.2 per 100,000 in 2005, 32.3 per 100,000 in 2020), with an average annual decline of 6.0% for male and 4.9% for female. The average notified incidence was the highest among older adults (65 years and over) (182.3/100,000), with an average annual decline of 6.4%; children (0–14 years) were the lowest (4.8/100,000), with an average annual decline of 7.3%, but a significant increase of 3.3% between 2014 and 2020 (APC = 3.3, 95% CI : 1.4 to 5.2); middle-aged (35–64 years) decreased by 5.8%; and youth (15–34 years) decreased by an average annual rate of 4.2%. The average ASR in rural areas (81.3/100,000) is higher than that in urban areas (76.1/100,000). The average annual decline in rural areas was 4.5% and 6.3% in urban areas. South China had the highest average ASR (103.2/100,000), with an average annual decline of 5.9%, while North China had the lowest (56.5/100,000), with an average annual decline of 5.9%. The average ASR in the southwest was 95.3 (/100,000), with the smallest annual decline (APC = –4.5, 95% CI : –5.5 to –3.5); the average ASR in the Northwest China was 100.1 (/100,000), with the largest annual decline (APC = –6.4, 95% CI : –10.0 to –2.7); Central, Northeastern, and Eastern China declined by an average of 5.2%, 6.2%, and 6.1% per year, respectively. From 2005 to 2020, the notified incidence of PTB in China continued to decline, falling by 55%. For high-risk groups such as males, older adults, high-burden areas in South, Southwest, and Northwest China, and rural regions, proactive screening should be strengthened to provide timely and effective anti-TB treatment and patient management services for confirmed cases. There is also a necessity to be vigilant about the upward trend of children in recent years, the specific reasons for which need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the spatial–temporal characteristics of China's rural energy carbon emission efficiency and then uses the Tobit model to explore its influencing factors. The results show that the rural energy carbon emission efficiency had experienced a growing trend in China during 2005 and 2020, with an annual growth rate of 4.82%. The growth is more affected by technological changes than by improvements in technical efficiency. Although all 30 provinces were in a state of improvement in rural energy carbon productivity during the period under review, there were significant differences between them. Technological change played a significant important role in promoting rural energy carbon productivity in the majority of Chinese provinces, while technical efficiency not only played a slightly less important role but also deteriorated in many provinces. Rural energy carbon emission efficiency is positively influenced by the level of agricultural development, the structure of rural labor force, and the urbanization level. However, it is negatively affected by the structure of cultivated land use, the rural human capital and rural residents' consumption level. As such, policy formulation should support and promote the overall improvement of rural energy carbon emission efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Through this document, it was possible to analyze the main characteristics of the volume of scientific production regarding the study of the variables Food Processing, Innovation and Healthy Eating. A bibliometric analysis was proposed to analyze details such as Year of Publication, Country of Origin of the publication, Area of Knowledge in which the published research is carried out and the Type of Publication most frequently used by the authors of each document published in high-impact journals indexed in the Scopus database during the period between 2017 and 2022. Among the main findings, it was possible to determine that, for the execution of the different research methodologies, the report of 80 scientific documents related to the study of innovative trends in food processing within the tenure to a healthier and more sustainable diet was achieved. The maximum number of publications made in a year was 27 papers submitted in 2022. The country of origin of the institutions that reported the highest number of records in Scopus, was China with 15 documents. The area of knowledge with the greatest influence at the time of executing the research projects that resulted in scientific publications was Agriculture and Biological Sciences with 51 documents. Finally, the type of publication most frequently used to publicize findings from the analysis of the aforementioned variables was the Article, which represented 46% of the total scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent data have shown divergent trends in gastric cancer (GC) incidence between China and Japan; however, the cause for has not been explored. Methods: We retrieved GC incidence data from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease study, stratified by sex for both countries. We analyzed annual average percentage change (AAPC) via a joinpoint regression model and estimated the effects of age, period, and cohort via the age–period–cohort model. Results: The age‐standardized incidence rate trends for GC decreased in both countries and both sexes, but the reduction was more pronounced in Japan because the AAPC for Japanese males (AAPC = −2.65%; 95% CI, −2.98 to −2.32) was eight times greater than that of Chinese males (AAPC = −0.30%; 95% CI, −0.5 to −0.09). The age and cohort effects on the trend are similar in both countries: the risk of GC incidence increased with age among the Chinese and the Japanese but was lower among younger birth cohorts. The two countries showed contrasting trends over the study period; although the risk of GC rapidly decreased for Japanese males and females, it increased by twofold among Chinese males. Conclusions: The period effect is the main reason for the divergent trends in age‐standardized incidence rate for GC in China and Japan. By comparing national cancer control programs in both countries, we concluded that countries with a high prevalence of GC, such as China, can learn from Japan's experience in controlling GC by actively conducting national population screening, which is expected to facilitate both prevention and treatment of GC. Lay summary: More than one‐half of all new gastric cancer (GC) worldwide occur in China and Japan, but the reasons for the different incidence trends have not been thoroughly analyzed.Analysis using the age–period–cohort model confirmed that the cohort effect was the main reason for the decline in age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for GC and that the period effect may be the main reason for the divergent trends in gastric cancer ASIR in China and Japan. The period effect is the main reason for the divergent trends in gastric cancer incidence in China and Japan. Countries with a high prevalence of gastric cancer, such as China, can learn from Japan's experience of actively conducting national population cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research assessing the changing epidemiology of infectious diseases in China after the implementation of new healthcare reform in 2009 was scarce. We aimed to get the latest trends and disparities of national notifiable infectious diseases by age, sex, province, and season in China from 2010 to 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths, incidence rate, and mortality of 44 national notifiable infectious diseases by sex, age groups, and provincial regions from 2010 to 2019 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and official reports and divided into six kinds of infectious diseases by transmission routes and three classes (A–C) in this descriptive study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the temporal trends of incidence and mortality rate. We calculated the concentration index to measure economic‐related inequality. Segmented interrupted time‐series analysis was used to estimate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the epidemic of notifiable infectious diseases. The trend of incidence rate on six kinds of infectious diseases by transmission routes was stable, while only mortality of sexual, blood‐borne, and mother‐to‐child‐borne infectious diseases increased from 0.6466 per 100 000 population in 2010 to 1.5499 per 100 000 population in 2019 by 8.76% per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.88–10.68). There was a decreasing trend of incidence rate on Class‐A infectious diseases (EAPC = −16.30%; 95% CI: −27.93 to −2.79) and Class‐B infectious diseases (EAPC = −1.05%; 95% CI: −1.56 to −0.54), while an increasing trend on Class‐C infectious diseases (EAPC = 6.22%; 95% CI: 2.13–10.48). For mortality, there was a decreasing trend on Class‐C infectious diseases (EAPC = −14.76%; 95% CI: −23.46 to −5.07), and an increasing trend on Class‐B infectious diseases (EAPC = 4.56%; 95% CI: 2.44–6.72). In 2019, the infectious diseases with the highest incidence rate and mortality were respiratory diseases (340.95 per 100 000 population), and sexual, blood‐borne, and mother‐to‐child‐borne infectious diseases (1.5459 per 100 000 population), respectively. The greatest increasing trend of incidence rate was observed in seasonal influenza, from 4.83 per 100 000 population in 2010 to 253.36 per 100 000 population in 2019 by 45.16% per year (95% CI: 29.81–62.33), especially among females and children aged 0–4 years old. The top disease with the highest mortality was still AIDs, which had the highest average yearly mortality in 24 provinces from 2010 to 2019, and its incidence rate (EAPC = 14.99%; 95% CI: 8.75–21.59) and mortality (EAPC = 9.65; 95%CI: 7.71–11.63) both increased from 2010 to 2019, especially among people aged 44–59 years old and 60 or older. Male incidence rate and mortality were higher than females each year from 2010 to 2018 on 29 and 10 infectious diseases, respectively. Additionally, sex differences in the incidence and mortality of AIDS were becoming larger. The curve lay above the equality line, with the negative value of the concentration index, which indicated that economic‐related health disparities exist in the distribution of incidence rate and mortality of respiratory diseases (incidence rate: the concentration index = −0.063, p < 0.0001; mortality: the concentration index = −0.131, p < 0.001), sexual, blood‐borne, and mother‐to‐child‐borne infectious diseases (incidence rate: the concentration index = −0.039, p = 0.0192; mortality: the concentration index = −0.207, p < 0.0001), and the inequality disadvantageous to the poor (pro‐rich). Respiratory diseases (Dec–Jan), intestinal diseases (May–Jul), zoonotic infectious diseases (Mar–Jul), and vector‐borne infectious diseases (Sep–Oct) had distinct seasonal epidemic patterns. In addition, segmented interrupted time‐series analyses showed that, after adjusting for potential seasonality, autocorrelation, GDP per capita, number of primary medical institutions, and other factors, there was no significant impact of COVID‐19 epidemic on the monthly incidence rate of six kinds of infectious diseases by transmission routes from 2018 to 2020 (all p > 0.05). The incidence rates of six kinds of infectious diseases were stable in the past decade, and incidence rates of Class‐A and Class‐B infectious diseases were decreasing because of comprehensive prevention and control measures and a strengthened health system after the implementation of the new healthcare reform in China since 2009. However, age, gender, regional, and economic disparities were still observed. Concerted efforts are needed to reduce the impact of seasonal influenza (especially among children aged 0–4 years old) and the mortality of AIDs (especially among people aged 44–59 years old and 60 or older). More attention should be paid to the disparities in the burden of infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of 46 global climate models (GCMs) from the newly released Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in the historical simulation of precipitation and temperature, and select the best performing GCMs for future projection across China and three major river basins. This study uses four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), namely SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5 relative to the base period (1961–2014). Initially, 46 models were evaluated across China employing an improved Taylor diagram method. Based on relatively better performance, 10 best‐performing models (TBMs) were selected out of 46 models for further evaluation. The results show that historical temperature was well reproduced by CMIP6 over the study regions with a high correlation coefficient (CC). All the TBMs produced good CC ranging from 0.8 to 0.99 presenting the precipitation and temperature distribution well. Meanwhile, EC‐Earth3 and EC‐Earth3‐Veg well simulated the precipitation and temperature amounts as well as trends over selected three river basins. The multimodel ensemble mean (MME) underestimates temperature over China and selected three basins with bias values of −0.53, −0.21, −0.91, and −0.68°C, respectively. In contrast, MEM overestimated the simulated precipitation with the amount of 27.7, 32.4, 21.0, and 104.6% across China and selected three basins. During future projections, increased precipitation and temperature trends are projected over three selected river basins as well as all across China. The increasing trend of future precipitation over China under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios are 0.65, 0.86, 1.29, and 0.76 mm·a−1, whereas, the increasing trend of temperature is 0.008, 0.028, 0.050, and 0.065°C·a−1, respectively. Comparatively, the greater the radiation force, the higher projected increases in precipitation and temperature across China and three major river basins were observed. The extent of CMIP6 models over the target region and its river basins calls for further deep assessment of the attribution and possible implementation of robust methods that can accurately simulate the observed patterns for future practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Akkermansia muciniphila is a member of the gut microbiome, using mucin as sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Since the first discovery of this unique bacterium in 2004, A. muciniphila has been extensively studied. It is considered a promising "next-generation beneficial microbe." The purpose of this paper is to sort out the research status and summarize the hotspots through bibliometric analysis of the publications of A. muciniphila. Methods: The publications about A. muciniphila from January 2004 to February 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. Visualization analyses were performed using three bibliometric tools and GraphPad Prism. Results: A total of 1,478 published documents were analyzed. Annual publication number grew from 1 in 2004 to 336 in 2021, with China being the leading producer (33.36%). De Vos, Willem M was the most productive author with the highest H-index (documents = 56, H-index = 37), followed by Cani, Patrice D (documents = 35, H-index = 25). And Scientific Reports published the most papers. PNAS was the keystone taxa in this field, with high betweenness centrality (0.11) and high frequency. The keywords with high frequency in recent years include: oxidative stress, diet, metformin, fecal microbiota transplantation, short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, microbiota metabolites and so on. The keyword "oxidative stress" was observed to be increasing in frequency recently. Conclusion: Over time, the scope of the research on the clinical uses of A. muciniphila has gradually increased, and was gradually deepened and developed toward a more precise level. A. muciniphila is likely to remain a research hotspot in the foreseeable future and may contribute to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correlation analysis between precipitable water vapor (PWV) and precipitation over China was conducted by combining high-quality PWV data based on 1999–2015 ground-based global positioning system (GPS) observations with the measurements at matched meteorological stations in the same period. The mean correlation coefficient at all the stations is approximately 0.73, indicating that there is a significant positive correlation between PWV content and precipitation measurements, and the comparison of correlation among different climate types suggests that the distribution characteristics of the correlation coefficients are distinctively related to different climate types. There is also some positive correlation between PWV and precipitation long-term trends, with the correlation coefficients of monthly anomalies ranging generally from 0.2 to 0.6. Furthermore, the intensity of both PWV and precipitation extremes shows a long-term upward trend overall, with the most-intense events showing more significant increases. The extreme precipitation–temperature scaling rate of changes can reach above Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) scaling, whereas that of the extreme PWV-temperature is sub-CC overall, with regional differences in the specific scaling values. The correlation analysis in this work is of great significance for long-term climate analysis and extreme weather understanding, which provides a valuable reference for better utilizing the advantages of PWV data to carry out the studies above. Significance Statement: Atmospheric water vapor is crucial to the climate system, especially in the context of global warming, and accurate knowledge of the correlation between precipitable water vapor (PWV) and precipitation is of great significance for long-term climate analysis and extreme precipitation weather forecasting. We take full advantage of the long-term homogeneity of ground-based GPS to conduct long-term correlation analysis between GPS-derived PWV and precipitation over China. Results show a significant positive correlation between them, and the degree of correlation is related to different climate types. The correlation of monthly anomalies is also positive, and, over the long-term, both water vapor and precipitation extremes have been increasing in intensity, with more significant increases occurring in the most-intense events. Extreme precipitation might increase beyond thermodynamic expectations, whereas PWV increases below expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the global research trends and hotspots of steroidinduced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) through qualitative and quantitative analysis of bibliometrics. Methods: All publications on SONFH published from 1992 to 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace was used for the visualization analysis of major countries, active institutions, productive authors, and the burst of keywords. VOSviewer was used for coupling analysis of countries/regions, institutions, and authors. Microsoft Excel 2017 was used for statistical analysis, drawing bar charts, pie charts, and cumulative area charts. The software of MapInfo was used to draw the distribution map of the publications. Results: A total of 780 publications were included for analyses. The most productive year was 2020 with 98 records. China was the most influential country with 494 publications, an H-index of 59, and total citations of 16820. The most prolific institution was Shanghai Jiaotong University in China with 53 publications and 998 citations. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (IF = 4.755, 2021) was the most active journal with 26 articles. The hot keywords were "osteonecrosis", "avascular necrosis", "osteogenic differentiation", "proliferation", "PPAR gamma", "apoptosis", "oxidative stress", "genetic polymorphism" and "mesenchymal stem cells". The keywords like "proliferation", "PPAR gamma" and "genome-wide" have emerged in recent years. Conclusion: The number of publications in SONFH has increased significantly in the last three decades. The pathologic mechanism of SONFH gathered most research interests. Genomics and cell molecular biology of SONFH are the research frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Trends in the incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and mortality rate of cervical cancer remain unknown. Methods: The average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and relative risks (RR) in the incidence, DALYs, and mortality rate were determined using a joinpoint regression analysis; the net age, period, and cohort effects on above rates were evaluated. Results: A significant increase in age-standardized incidence (AAPC, 0.9%; 95CI: 0.8, 1.1) but significant decreases in age-standardized DALYs (AAPC, -0.4%; 95%CI: -0.60, -0.20) and the mortality rate (AAPC, -0.4%; 95CI: -0.6, -0.3) were observed. As for age-specific rates, the incidence was higher in younger age groups, and the DALYs and mortality rate were lower in older age groups. The effects of age included a slight but significant increase in the RR with advancing age from 35 to 94 years; the period effect included a significant increase in the incidence over the 2005-2019 periods; and the cohort effect included a substantial increase in the incidence from earlier to later birth cohorts. Conclusions: The incidence of cervical cancer increased from 1990 to 2019, particularly in younger age groups, and the DALYs and mortality rate decreased in the older age groups. Furthermore, the incidence increased with age, period, and cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]