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Changes in economic structure and employment opportunity are seen in the agricultural sector that was originally Labor Intensive to Capital Intensive. The objective of this study is to know the women’s role in the farming of food commodities and sugar cane commodities as well as the impact of commodity changes on the role and strategy of women’s livelihood. This study is qualitative descriptive using Gender Framework Analyze. The results of the study show that the productive activity of women labor of food crops is involved in all farming activities including land cultivation, nursery, maintenance, and harvesting. Unlike sugar cane farming, women labor is only involved in maintenance. Reproductive activity is fully borne by the women. It is likewise social activities that always involve the role of women in every activity. The impacts of commodity changes on the role aspect include the subordination of women’s work, the marginalization of women and stereotyping of women’s work. In addition, the impacts on the livelihood strategy aspect include the loss of traditional activities i.e. golek mbes, golek entong, golek godong jati, ngasak, mbangkong and golek laron which are currently replaced with the emergence of new livelihoods of the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study is aimed at characterizing the genetic and phylogenetic structure of Lakor goats as indigenous livestock from the Southwest Maluku Regency based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Materials and Methods: The genomes of 103 follicle samples from Lakor goats, collected from Lakor Island, were analyzed. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify 1548 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene using two primer pairs (COIA and COIB). Following sequencing, genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship were established using MEGA version X software. Results: The results of multiple COI gene alignment of the total sequences identified four polymorphic nucleotides that function as genetic markers between individual animals within the Lakor goat population. These correspond to positions 228 (A-G), 519 (G-A), 900 (C-T), and 1266 (T-C). Phylogenetic signals based on the COI gene showed that Lakor goat breed is a monophyletic group or single clade with a bootstrap value of 100% by the neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) evolutionary models. This data indicated that evolutionarily, the Lakor goat breed has a very close kinship with three goat breeds from China: The Meigu goat (KM 244714.1), Chinese Tibet (Capra hircus) (KJ 940969.1), and C. hircus (KP 677510.1). Phylogenetic information based on the cladistics system classified the Lakor goat as a single clade (monophyletic group). The low-genetic diversity within populations indicates that there has been an inbreeding depression occurring at a very high frequency. Conclusion: We conclude that the Lakor goat may be divided into a single clade or monophyletic group based on the COI gene sequence. Four nucleotides were identified that can be used as genetic markers among individual animals within the Lakor goat population, as well as C. hircus and others as derived from GenBank data. The Lakor goat population has a high level of inbreeding depression as a result of geographical isolation, which supports the formation of a monophyletic group with different genetic characteristics, and does not allow the introduction of males from other breeds. Phylogenetic signals indicated that Capra aegagrus (bezoar) is the ancestor of the native goats in Indonesia, including the Lakor goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Katingan River has been contaminated by mercury from ASGM activities since the early 2000s. This study aims to assess the risk of mercury exposure from Katingan fish consumption and analyze relationships between exposure variables. We proposed two risk assessment scenarios based on mercury analysis of 74 fish samples and fish consumption questionnaire. The risk assessment result revealed that estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of Scenario 2 were generally 3-4 times higher than Scenario 1. The statistical test results showed significant differences ( p  < 0.05) in EDI values between scenarios, indicating that variations in fish consumption influenced the mercury intake. Three different health reference-based values (HRVs) were applied in estimating the hazard quotient (HQ) and it influenced the HQ results ( p  < 0.05), for both scenarios. The relationship analysis between variables presented a strong non-linear correlation between EDI and hair mercury level for both scenarios, but a weak relationship between age and hair mercury level.