Search

Timely and accurate socioeconomic indicators are the prerequisite for smart social governance. For example, the level of economic development and the structure of population are important statistics for regional or national policy-making. However, the collection of these characteristics usually depends on demographic and social surveys, which are time- and labor-intensive. To address these issues, we propose a machine learning-based approach to estimate and map the economic development from multi-source open available geospatial data, including remote sensing imagery and OpenStreetMap road networks. Specifically, we first extract knowledge-based features from different data sources; then the multi-view graphs are constructed through different perspectives of spatial adjacency and feature similarity; and a multi-view graph neural network (MVGNN) model is built on them and trained in a self-supervised learning manner. Then, the handcrafted features and the learned graph representations are combined to estimate the regional economic development indicators via random forest models. Taking China's county-level gross domestic product (GDP) as an example, extensive experiments have been conducted and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the combination of the knowledge-based and learning-based features can significantly outperform baseline methods. Our proposed approach can advance the goal of acquiring timely and accurate socioeconomic variables through widely accessible geospatial data, which has the potential to extend to more social indicators and other geographic regions to support smart governance and policy-making in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association and mediation pathways among muscle mass, muscle function (muscle strength and physical performance), and malnutrition with depressive symptoms clusters in the older hemodialysis patients. Design: A multi-center cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: A total of 499 patients aged ≥ 60 on hemodialysis from seven facilities in Shanghai of China from 2020 to 2021. Measurements: Muscle mass was assessed by skeletal muscle index(SMI). Muscle strength was measured by handgrip strength, and physical performance was measured via gait speed and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Nutritional status was assessed by Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS). Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression and mediation analyses fully adjusted for all potential confounding factors. Results: Among 499 participants (312 men, mean age 69.2±6.6 years), 108 (21.6%) had depressive symptoms. The muscle strength, physical performance and malnutrition were associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, malnutrition significantly mediated the association of muscle function with total, cognitive-affective symptoms. The association of the muscle function with somatic symptoms were mediated by the nutritional status. The mediated proportions of malnutrition in the relationship between physical performance and depressive symptoms clusters were stronger in somatic symptoms than in cognitive-affective symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that muscle function rather than muscle mass may contribute substantially to the development of depressive symptoms clusters in the hemodialysis via malnutrition. The malnutrition mediated stronger in the association of muscle function with somatic symptoms. These findings may help guide clinicians to better diagnose and manage depression in the context of concomitant muscle function and malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a universal newborn hepatitis B ( HB) immunization programme has been implemented in China, hepatitis B virus ( HBV) breakthrough infection, including HB surface antigen ( HBsAg)-positive infection and occult HBV infection ( OBI), still occurs during infancy or childhood. Obtaining the actual prevalence of HBV infection in general children is important for preventing and controlling the spread of HB. Accordingly, we investigated the prevalence of overt infection and OBI in community children and compared the serological and virological characteristics of OBI and HBsAg carrier children to clarify the mechanisms related to OBI. In total, 6 706 community children <12 years of age were included from a population-based HBV seroepidemiological investigation in Northwest China. The HBsAg carrier rate in community children was 1.60% (107/6706), and the anti- HBs positive rate was 57.35% (3846/6706). Additionally, 1192 HBsAg-negative children were examined for OBI using nested PCR. The prevalence of OBI in local children was 1.26% (15/1192), and the predominant OBI genotypes were C and D. The 15 OBI children and 29 HBsAg-positive children from the same population did not have a statistical significant difference in age, gender, alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), proportion of anti- HBs or anti- HBc, viral genotypes or mutations. Children with chronic overt infection had higher viral loads than OBI children ( P=.004). These results suggested that HBV overt and occult infection of children was more serious in underdeveloped north-west regions. HBV neonatal immunization and catch-up programmes should be strengthened and supplemented. None of specific viral mutations or genotypes related to OBI were found. OBI may be a specific stage of HBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to systematically review studies which had compared self-concept in left-behind children with the general population of children in China. Relevant studies about self-concept of left-behind children in China published from 2004 to 2014 were sought by searching online databases including Chinese Biological Medicine Database ( CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure ( CNKI), Wanfang Database, Vip Database, Pub Med Database, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed by using Newcastle- Ottawa Scale ( NOS). Poled effect size and associated 95% confidence interval ( CI) were calculated using the random effects model. Cochrane's Q was used to test for heterogeneity and I2 index was used to determine the degree of heterogeneity. Nineteen studies involving 7758 left-behind children met the inclusion criteria and 15 studies were included in a meta-analysis. The results indicated that left-behind group had a lower score of self-concept and more psychological problems than the control group. The factors associated with self-concept in left-behind children were gender, age, grade and the relationships with parents, guardians and teachers. Left-behind children had lower self-concept and more mental health problems compared with the general population of children. The development of self-concept may be an important channel for promoting mental health of left-behind children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the problem behaviours of middle school students and its associated factors in Anhui province of China, and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting early health education. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted and 4235 middle school students were measured by Prediction Test of Problem Children, Family Environment Scale - Chinese Version, Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, Psychological Sense of School Membership and general state questionnaire. Results The prevalence of problem behaviours in our sample was 4.5%. Using binary logistic regression analysis, we found that family environment, school belonging, coping style, relationship with mother and classmate relationship were associated with problem behaviours of middle school students. Conclusions Poor family environment, poor sense of school belonging, passive acting style were significantly correlated with problem behaviours. There is an urgent need to improve problem behaviours through collaboration among families, schools and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti-22Nb- xZr and Ti-22Nb- xMo ( x = 0, 2, 4, 6, in atom percent) were prepared by an arc melting method. The alloys were solution-treated at 1073 K for 1.8 ks followed by quenching them into ice water, and the electrochemical corrosion behavior in a 0.9% NaCl solution at 25 °C and neutral pH range of the solution-treated alloys was evaluated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curves and an equivalent circuit analysis. It was found that the microstructure of the solution-treated Ti-22Nb alloy mainly contains β phase with small amount of α″ phase, and the addition of Zr or Mo to a Ti-22Nb alloy is efficient to stabilize the β phase. The resulting impedance parameters and passive current densities indicated that the corrosion resistance of the Ti-22Nb alloy was promoted significantly with the addition of Zr and Mo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY From the S-wave data collected along a 270-km-long profile spanning the Kunlun mountains in NE Tibet, 14595 Sg phase arrivals and 21 SmS phase arrivals were utilized to derive a whole-crustal S velocity model and, together with a previously derived P velocity model, a Poisson's ratio (σ) model beneath the profile. The final tomogram for the upper 10-15 km of the crust reveals the lower velocities associated with the predominantly Neogene-Quaternary sediments of the Qaidam basin to the north and the higher velocities associated with the predominantly Palaeozoic and Mesozoic upper crustal sequences of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and Kunlun mountains to the south. This study finds no evidence that the Kunlun mountains are involved in large-scale northward overriding of the Qaidam basin along a shallow south-dipping thrust. The σ in the upper 10-15 km of the crust are often lower than 0.25, indicating a preponderance of quartz-rich rocks in the upper crust beneath the profile. Below 10-15 km depth, the remainder of the crust down to the Moho has an average σ of 0.24 beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and Kunlun mountains and 0.25 below the Qaidam basin. These low σ are similar to other low σ found along other profiles in the northeastern part of the plateau. Assuming an isotropic situation and no significant variation in σ between 10-15 km depth and the Moho, then the lower crust between 25-30 km depth below sea level and the Moho with P velocities varying from 6.6 km s−1 at the top to around 6.9 km s−1 at the base and σ of 0.24-0.25 should comprise intermediate granulites in the upper part transitioning to granulite facies metapelites in the lower part. As the pre-Cenozoic Qaidam basin crust has probably not lost any of its lower crust during the present Himalayan orogenic cycle in the Cenozoic and only has a σ of 0.245-0.25, then it appears that the pre-Cenozoic Qaidam basin crust involved in the collision is more felsic and thus weaker and more easily deformable than normal continental crust with a global average σ of 0.265-0.27 and the Tarim and Sichuan basin crusts. This situation then probably facilitates the collision and promotes the formation of new high plateau crust at the NE margin of Tibet. South of the Qaidam basin, the crust of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and Kunlun mountains has an even lower average crustal σ of 0.23-0.24 and is thus presumably even weaker and more easily deformable than the crust beneath the Qaidam basin. This then supports the hypothesis of Karplus et al. that 'the high Tibetan Plateau may be thickening northward into south Qaidam as its weak, thickened lower crust is injected beneath stronger Qaidam crust'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soot particles are the most efficient light absorbing aerosol species in the atmosphere, playing an important role as a driver of global warming. Their climate effects strongly depend on their mixing state, which significantly changes their light absorbing capability and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. Therefore, knowledge about the mixing state of soot and its aging mechanism becomes an important topic in the atmospheric sciences. The size-resolved (30-320 nm diameter) mixing state of soot particles in polluted megacity air was measured at a suburban site (Yufa) during the CAREBeijing 2006 campaign in Beijing, using a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA). Particles in this size range with non-volatile residuals at 300 °C were considered to be soot particles. On average, the number fraction of internally mixed soot in total soot particles (Fin), decreased from 0.80 to 0.57 when initial Dp increased from 30 to 320 nm. Further analysis reveals that: (1) Fin was well correlated with the aerosol hygroscopic mixing state measured by a CCN counter. More externally mixed soot particles were observed when particles showed more heterogeneous features with regard to hygroscopicity. (2) Fin had pronounced diurnal cycles. For particles in the accumulation mode (Dp at 100-320 nm), largest Fin were observed at noon time, with "apparent" turnover rates (kex→in) up to 7.8%h-1. (3) Fin was subject to competing effects of both aging and emissions. While aging increases Fin by converting externally mixed soot particles into internally mixed ones, emissions tend to reduce Fin by emitting more fresh and externally mixed soot particles. Similar competing effects were also found with air mass age indicators. (4) Under the estimated emission intensities, actual turnover rates of soot (kex→in) up to 20%h-1 were derived, which showed a pronounced diurnal cycle peaking around noon time. This result confirms that (soot) particles are undergoing fast aging/coating with the existing high levels of condensable vapors in the megacity Beijing. (5) Diurnal cycles of Fin were different between Aitken and accumulation mode particles, which could be explained by the faster growth of smaller Aitken mode particles into larger size bins. To improve the Fin prediction in regional/global models, we suggest parameterizing Fin by an air mass aging indicator, i.e., Fin = α + bx, where a and b are empirical coefficients determined from observations, and x is the value of an air mass age indicator. At the Yufa site in the North China Plain, fitted coefficients (a, b) were determined as (0.57, 0.21), (0.47, 0.21), and (0.52, 0.0088) for x (indicators) as [NOz]/[NOy], [E]/[X] ([ethylbenzene]/[m,p-xylene]) and ([IM] + [OM])/[EC] ([inorganic + organic matter]/[elemental carbon]), respectively. Such a parameterization consumes little additional computing time, but yields a more realistic description of Fin compared with the simple treatment of soot mixing state in regional/global models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) during the PRIDE-PRD2006 campaign in the Pearl River Delta region 60 km north of Guangzhou, China, for 4 weeks in June 2006. HONO was measured by a LOPAP in-situ instrument which was setup in one of the campaign supersites along with a variety of instruments measuring hydroxyl radicals, trace gases, aerosols, and meteorological parameters. Maximum diurnal HONO mixing ratios of 1-5 ppb were observed during the nights. We found that the nighttime build-up of HONO can be attributed to the heterogeneous NO2 to HONO conversion on ground surfaces and the OH+NO reaction. In addition to elevated nighttime mixing ratios, measured noontime values of ≈ 200 ppt indicate the existence of a daytime source higher than the OH+NO→HONO reaction. Using the simultaneously recorded OH, NO, and HONO photolysis frequency, a daytime additional source strength of HONO (PM) was calculated to be 0.77 ppb h-1 on average. This value compares well to previous measurements in other environments. Our analysis of PM provides evidence that the photolysis of HNO3 adsorbed on ground surfaces contributes to the HONO formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric aerosol particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are key elements of the hydrological cycle and climate. CCN properties were measured and characterized during the CAREBeijing-2006 campaign at a regional site south of the megacity of Beijing, China. Size-resolved CCN efficiency spectra recorded for a supersaturation range of S =0.07% to 0.86% yielded average activation diameters in the range of 190 nm to 45 nm. The corresponding effective hygroscopicity parameters (κ) exhibited a strong size dependence ranging from ~0.25 in the Aitken size range to ~0.45 in the accumulation size range. The campaign average value (κ = 0.3±0.1) was similar to the values observed and modeled for other populated continental regions. The hygroscopicity parameters derived from the CCN measurements were consistent with chemical composition data recorded by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and thermo-optical measurements of apparent elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC). The CCN hygroscopicity and its size dependence could be parameterized as a function of only AMS based organic and inorganic mass fractions (forg, finorg) using the simple mixing rule κp ≈ 0.1 ⋅ forg +0.7 ⋅ finorg. When the measured air masses originated from the north and passed rapidly over the center of Beijing (fresh city pollution), the average particle hygroscopicity was reduced (κ = 0.2±0.1), which is consistent with enhanced mass fractions of organic compounds (~50 %) and EC (~30 %) in the fine particulate matter (PM1). Moreover, substantial fractions of externally mixed weakly CCN-active particles were observed at low supersaturation (S =0.07 %), which can be explained by the presence of freshly emitted soot particles with very low hygroscopicity (κ <0.1). Particles in stagnant air from the industrialized region south of Beijing (aged regional pollution) were on average larger and more hygroscopic, which is consistent with enhanced mass fractions (~60 %) of soluble inorganic ions (mostly sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate). Accordingly, the number concentration of CCN in aged air from the megacity region was higher than in fresh city out- flow ((2.5-9.9)x10³ cm-3 vs. (0.4-8.3)x10³ cm-3 for S = 0.07-0.86 %) although the total aerosol particle number concentration was lower (1.2x104 cm-3 vs. 2.3x104 cm-3). A comparison with related studies suggests that the fresh outflow from Chinese urban centers generally may contain more, but smaller and less hygroscopic aerosol particles and thus fewer CCN than the aged outflow from megacity regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Drospirenone is a novel progestogen that, combined with 17ββ-estradiol, reduces the frequency and severity of menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in different populations. This double-blind, multicenter study compared the efficacy, safety and tolerability of 2 mg drospirenone/1 mg estradiol (DRSP/E2) vs. placebo in Chinese postmenopausal women with moderate to severe VMS. Methods Women, aged 45--65 years, were randomized to DRSP/E2 ( n  ==  183) or placebo ( n  ==  61) once daily for four 28-day cycles. Changes in the frequency and severity of hot flushes were analyzed as primary variables, together with other climacteric and urogenital symptoms, clinical global improvement, adverse events and physical/gynecological parameters. Results Relative changes in numbers of hot flushes/week were −−80.4%% for DRSP/E2 vs. −−51.9%% for placebo (treatment difference −−28.5%%, p  <  0.0001). There were trends toward a greater reduction in severity of hot flushes with DRSP/E2 treatment. Patients treated with DRSP/E2 were more often free from sweating episodes ( p  <  0.0001) and vaginal dryness ( p  ==  0.0008). Other climacteric symptoms, including nervousness and pollakisuria, followed a trend of greater response with DRSP/E2. Similar to other combination HRT regimens, DRSP/E2 increased occurrences of bleeding, but these decreased over time. Adverse events in patients treated with DRSP/E2 were mostly mild to moderate and withdrawal rates were low. Conclusions Daily treatment of postmenopausal Chinese women with DRSP/E2 for 16 weeks significantly reduced the incidence of hot flushes and demonstrated advantages vs. placebo for other climacteric symptoms. These results indicate that DRSP/E2 is effective, safe and well tolerated in postmenopausal Chinese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Size-resolved chemical composition, mixing state, and cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aerosol particles in polluted mega-city air and biomass burning smoke were measured during the PRIDE-PRD2006 campaign near Guangzhou, China, using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA), and a continuous-flow CCN counter (DMT-CCNC). The size-dependence and temporal variations of the effective average hygroscopicity parameter for CCN-active particles (κa) could be parameterized as a function of organic and inorganic mass fractions (forg, finorg) determined by the AMS: κa,p,=κorg ⋅ forg + κinorg ⋅ finorg. The characteristic κ values of organic and inorganic components were similar to those observed in other continental regions of the world: κorg≈0.1 and κinorg≈0.6. The campaign average κa values increased with particle size from ∼0.25 at ∼50 nm to ∼0.4 at ∼200 nm, while forg decreased with particle size. At ∼50 nm, forg was on average 60% and increased to almost 100% during a biomass burning event. The VTDMA results and complementary aerosol optical data suggest that the large fractions of CCN-inactive particles observed at low supersaturations (up to 60% at S≤0.27%) were externally mixed weakly CCN-active soot particles with low volatility (diameter reduction <5% at 300 °C) and effective hygroscopicity parameters around κLV≈0.01. A proxy for the effective average hygroscopicity of the total ensemble of CCN-active particles including weakly CCN-active particles (κt) could be parameterized as a function of κa,p and the number fraction of low volatility particles determined by VTDMA (ΦLV):κt,p=κa,p--ΦLV ⋅ (κa,p--κLV). Based on κ values derived from AMS and VTDMA data, the observed CCN number concentrations (NCCN,S≈10²-- 104 cm--3 at S = 0.068--0.47%) could be efficiently predicted from the measured particle number size distribution. The mean relative deviations between observed and predicted CCN concentrations were ∼10% when using κt,p, and they increased to ∼20% when using only κa,p. The mean relative deviations were not higher (∼20%) when using an approximate continental average value of κ ≈0.3, although the constant κ value cannot account for the observed temporal variations in particle composition and mixing state (diurnal cycles and biomass burning events). Overall, the results confirm that on a global and climate modeling scale an average value of κ≈0.3 can be used for approximate predictions of CCN number concentrations in continental boundary layer air when aerosol size distribution data are available without information about chemical composition. Bulk or size-resolved data on aerosol chemical composition enable improved CCN predictions resolving regional and temporal variations, but the composition data need to be highly accurate and complemented by information about particle mixing state to achieve high precision (relative deviations <20%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the long-term in-situ observations of aerosol particle number size distributions and meteorological parameters, the measures of traffic restriction during the Sino-African Summit (4-6 November 2006) in Beijing, China have been found to be efficient in reducing the number concentration of aerosol particles, in particular Aitken and accumulation mode particles, and in improving the visibility when local emissions dominated. The influence of traffic restrictions on the particle concentrations differed for different particle sizes. More significant effects on fine particles with diameters ranging from 40 to 500 nm have been found. Based on statistical analysis of long-term observations, under comparable weather conditions, the number concentrations of the particles in Aitken and accumulation modes seemingly were reduced by 20-60% when the traffic restrictions were in place. This change may be mainly due to the reduction of secondary particle contributions. However, it is worth to notice that the reduction of 60% might overestimate the effect of the measures of traffic control, due to the inherent data shortage with very high wind speeds in the comparison data population. Our size-dependent aerosol data also indicate that measures led to reductions in particulate air pollution in the optically most important diameter range, whereas further vehicle restriction measures might lead to an increase in ultrafine particle formation if the condensational sink further decreased. Assuming that there were no traffic restrictions and with normal levels of the vehicle emissions, the visibilities during the Summit would have been lower by about 20-45%. The fact that over 95% cases with visibility range lower than 5 km during 2004 to 2007 occurred when the local wind speed was lower than 3 m s-1 may suggest that the importance of the emission restrictions is highest when the wind speed is lower than 3 m s-1, concerning the improvement of serious low visibility situations in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a chronic progressive disorder, is regarded as the premalignant lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Its distribution is associated with chewing betel quid (BQ). The objective of the present study was to investigate risk factors for the carcinogenesis of OSF in mainland China. A case-control study was performed in 42 patients with OSCC that originated from OSF and 40 OSF controls. Epidemiological data and information related to risk factors were collected using a short structured questionnaire. Odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived from logistic regression analysis. In multivariate analysis, only age, duration of BQ chewing, duration of cigarette smoking, and OSF accompanied by oral leukoplakia or oral lichen planus were associated with significantly increased risk for the malignant transformation of OSF. These findings contribute to current knowledge on the prevention of carcinogenesis of OSF in mainland China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An intensive field campaign, Program of Regional Integrated Experiments of Air Quality over Pear River Delta (PRIDE-PRD2004), was carried out in Pearl River Delta (PRD) in October 2004 to provide an in-depth understanding and a comprehensive record of O3, PM2.5 and other air pollutants in this quickly developing region of China. Two super sites, one in Guangzhou urban center and the other at a downwind rural site Xinken, were extensively equipped with research-grade instruments. In addition, 16 stations of the PRD air quality monitoring network participated in the campaign to provide regional scale spatial coverage. We found high levels of O3 exceeding China''s National Standard throughout the PRD region and clear evidence of regional scale photochemical production of O3. Furthermore, the data suggested that in situ photochemical production was the primary source of high concentrations of O3 in the upwind area, and that the ozone photochemical production efficiency was highly non-linear with greater value at lower NO x . This non-linear relationship between photochemical production of O3 and its precursors has an important implication for the O3 control strategy. The ozone–precursor relationship was examined by using an observation-based model (OBM). Large positive relative incremental reactivity (RIR) values for VOCs and negative values for NO x were found, suggesting that O3 production was usually in VOC-limited regime in both Guangzhou and Xinken sites, while reducing NO x could increase O3. However, we caution that this conclusion was reached in a campaign of limited time period and the OBM results could differ in other seasons. Finally, high concentrations of HONO were observed at the two super sites. Current known gas phase source of HONO could account for only a fraction of the observed values, particularly at the Guangzhou site. An unknown and presumed heterogeneous source of HONO would be required to sustain the observed concentrations. At these high levels of HONO, the OH concentration and ozone production would be 2–4 times higher than the case with gas phase source only. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

One population from each of six plant species along both sides of the Juyong-guan Great Wall, together with one population from each of five species along both sides of a path on a mountain top near Juyong-guan, were selected to study the effect of the Great Wall as a barrier on genetic differentiation between two subpopulations using RAPD markers. Significant genetic differentiation was found between the subpopulations on both sides of the Great Wall. A wind-pollinated woody species, Ulmus pumila, showed less genetic differentiation than four insect-pollinated species: Prunus armeniaca, Ziziphus jujuba, Vitex negundo, and Heteropappus hispidus. Cleistogenes caespitosa, a wind- pollinated perennial herb, displayed more genetic differentiation between subpopulations than the insect-pollinated species because of its propagation strategy. Although AMOVA analysis showed that subpopulations divided by a mountain path had diverged genetically, the variance component between the subpopulations on both sides of the Great Wall was significantly larger than that between the subpopulations at the control site. Therefore, it is reasonable to deduce that the Juyong-guan Great Wall has served as a physical barrier to gene flow between subpopulations separated for more than 600 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teleseismic tomography across the Chinese Tien Shan shows that seismic wave speeds in the lithosphere beneath central Tien Shan are high and therefore the lithosphere is not weaker than that beneath the adjacent undeformed Tarim and Junggar basins. There is evidence for significant velocity contrasts within the lithosphere that are presumably inherited from the Palaeozoic collision history. The high-velocity, thick Yili block observed underneath the northern Tien Shan is a clue for shortening by a intracontinental subduction. The observed geometry is consistent with a simple model of intracontinental subduction and suggests that, during orogeny, the lithosphere has remained heterogeneous and has deformed along existing planes of weakness rather than by homogeneous thickening of a particularly weak lithosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Phytopathology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In May 2014, severe foliage infection on Bidens pilosa was observed in Zhanjiang city, Guangdong Province, China. Symptoms first appeared as irregularly shaped, dark brown spots with an average diameter of 4 to 5 mm, sometimes surrounded by a chlorotic halo. In severe infections, lesions enlarged and coalesced, resulting in leaf blighting. A fungus was consistently isolated that produced a cottony and greyish-green mycelium. The conidiophores were 25-85 x 5 µm in size, olivaceous brown, simple or 1-2 geniculate. Conidia were solitary or occasionally in chains of two, dark olivaceous brown, straight or curved, obclavate, with 5-11 transverse and 1-several longitudinal or oblique septa. The conidia measured 160-410 x 15-25 µm in size including a filamentous beak (200-300 x 5 µm). Beaks were often un-branched, 5-7 µm thick at the base, tapering to 1-3 µm at the apex. These morphological features were typical of Alternaria dauci (Simmons, 1995). Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by placing seven-day-old mycelial plugs (5 mm) grown on PCA on Bidens pilosa leaves, which were wrapped in polyethylene bags and incubated in a moist chamber at 25 ± 2°C and 80-90% relative humidity. Five days after inoculation, leaf spots developed on the inoculated plants from which A. dauci was re-isolated, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. Molecular identification was carried out by PCR using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region primers ITS1/ITS4 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene primers gpd1/gpd2 (Berbee et al., 1999). These amplified sequences shared 98% to 99% nucleotide similarity with those of A. dauci (GenBank accession Nos JQ936188 and HE796759). Sequences obtained from the pathogen were deposited in GenBank under accessions KP120981 and KP123843. This is the first report of A. dauci on Bidens pilosa in China and worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The short-term temperature variation has been shown to be significantly associated with human health. However, little is known about whether temperature change between neighbouring days (TCN) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) have any effect on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). This study aims to explore whether temperature variability has any effect on childhood HFMD. Study design: Ecological study. Methods: The association between meteorological variables and HFMD cases in Huainan, China, from January 1st 2012 to December 31st 2014 was analysed using Poisson generalized linear regression combined with distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) after controlling for long-term trend and seasonality, mean temperature and relative humidity. Results: An adverse effect of TCN on childhood HFMD was observed, and the impact of TCN was the greatest at five days lag, with a 10% (95% CI: 4%-15%) increase of daily number of HFMD cases per 3 °C (10th percentile) decrease of TCN. Male children, children aged 0e5 years, scattered children and children in high-risk areas appeared to be more vulnerable to the TCN effect than others. However, there was no significant association between DTR and childhood HFMD. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that TCN drops may increase the incidence of childhood HFMD in Huainan, highlighting the importance of protecting children from forthcoming TCN drops, particularly for those who are male, young, scattered and from high-risk areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Research into human interactions in past global changes at a landscape scale offers a common unit for integrating diverse evidence and allows the changes to be traced through time. Holocene pedogenic change and climatic and anthropogenic factors on a loess tableland in the semi-arid region of the middle reaches of the Yellow River drainage basin were investigated. Several Holocene loess-soil profiles were sampled and analysed. The results show that on the gentle loess ground with a surface gradient changing from 3°30′ to ca. 1°, natural sheet erosion and redeposition occurred in responding to climatic amelioration and, especially, to increased precipitation in the early Holocene. There was no obvious sheet erosion and redeposition recorded during the formation of Ustic Luvisols in the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum. When the pre-historical people of the Taosi Culture occupied the loess tableland and cleared land for settlement and arable cultivation between 4400 and 3900 a B.P., a global event of rapid climatic change (4200–3800 a B.P.) hit the area. Both climatic instability and human disturbance has resulted in strong overland flows causing intensive sheet erosion on the upper part of the slope, redeposition and episodic flooding on the lower part of the slope and bottomland. The climatic instability, human disturbance, erosion and redeposition have resulted in a pedogenic regression over the tableland. On the ground outside the settlement, Ustic Luvisol formation was interrupted temporarily. Dust accumulation and pedogenic modification to it resumed soon when the settlement was deserted at ca. 3900 a B.P. On the ground within the extent of the settlement, the mid-Holocene Ustic Luvisol has been truncated permanently because of human occupation. In the late Holocene from 3100 onward, erosion and redeposition accelerated clearly due to the increasingly intensified arable cultivation, widespread and dense settlement and climatic decline. The construction of settlement, road system, terraced fields from the pre-historical time has redirected the runoff and resulted in gully erosion which has the loess tableland dissected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is an important indicator of global climate change. Many epidemiological studies have reported the associations between high DTR and human health. This study investigated the association between DTR and hospitalisations for ischaemic stroke in Hefei, China. This is an ecological study. Data of daily hospital admissions for ischaemic stroke and meteorological variables from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2017 were collected in Hefei, China. A generalised additive model combined with distributed lag non-linear model was used to quantify the effects of DTR on ischaemic stroke. The interactive effect between DTR and temperature was explored with a non-parametric bivariate response surface model. High DTR was associated with hospitalisations for ischaemic stroke. The adverse effect of extremely high DTR (99th percentile [17.1 °C]) occurred after 8 days (relative risk [RR] = 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002, 1.041) and the maximum effect appeared after 12 days (RR = 1.029, 95% CI = 1.011, 1.046). The overall trend of the effect of DTR on ischaemic stroke was decreasing. In addition, there was a significant interactive effect of high DTR and low temperature on ischaemic stroke. This study suggests that the impact of high DTR should be considered when formulating targeted measures to prevent ischaemic stroke, especially for those days with high DTR and low mean temperature. [Display omitted] • High DTR was associated with the hospitalisations for ischaemic stroke. • The effects of DTR on ischaemic stroke decreased during the entire study period. • There is an interactive effect of high DTR and low temperatures on ischaemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between ambient temperature and hospital admissions for schizophrenia in Hefei, China. STUDY DESIGN: An ecological design was used to explore the effect of ambient temperature on hospital admissions for schizophrenia. METHODS: Daily data on hospital admissions for schizophrenia and meteorological data for the warm season (May-October) in 2005-2014 were obtained from Anhui Mental Health Centre and Hefei Bureau of Meteorology, respectively. Poisson generalised linear regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to analyse the effects of temperature on admissions for schizophrenia. Stratified analyses according to individual characteristics, such as age and sex, were also conducted. RESULTS: A significant relationship was found between ambient temperature and admissions for schizophrenia. High temperature appeared to have a delayed effect on admissions for schizophrenia, and a temperature of 28°C (75th percentile) at lag 0-4 days was associated with a 7% (95% confidence interval: 4-11%) increase in admissions for schizophrenia. Stratified analyses showed that male patients, patients aged 21-60 years and married patients were more vulnerable to high temperature, and the temperature effects for those groups occurred at a lag of 1 day. CONCLUSION: High temperature poses significant risks for schizophrenia in subtropical regions. Future preventive measures for reducing the occurrence of schizophrenia should be considered for susceptible populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and outpatient visits for childhood acute bronchitis (AB) in Hefei, China, to analyze whether DTR effect was delayed, and to explore the susceptible populations. Study design: An ecological study. Methods: A Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to analyze the relationship between DTR and childhood AB from Hefei, China during 2010e2013, after adjusting for long-term trend and seasonality, mean temperature and relative humidity. Results: An adverse effect of DTR on childhood AB was observed, and the impact of DTR was greatest at three days lag, with a 1.0% (95% confidence interval = 0.5e1.6%) increase of AB cases per 1 °C increment of DTR. Female children and children aged 0e4 years appeared to be more vulnerable to DTR effect than other children. Conclusions: Our study suggests that large DTR may increase the incidence of childhood AB in Hefei, particularly for those who are female and young. Caregivers and health practitioners should be made aware of the potential threat posed by large DTR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, many studies have found that ambient temperature is significantly associated with bacillary dysentery (BD). However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between temperature and childhood BD in temperate areas. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between daily mean temperature (MT) and childhood BD in China. Methods: Data on daily MT and childhood BD between 2006 and 2012 were collected from the Bureau of Meteorology and the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in Hefei, Anhui Province, China. A Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to analyse the effects of temperature on childhood BD across different age and sex subgroups. Results: An increase in temperature was significantly associated with childhood BD, and each 1 °C increase corresponded to an increase of 1.58% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46 -2.71%] in the number of cases of BD. Children aged 0-5 years and girls were particularly sensitive to the effects of temperature. Conclusions: High temperatures may increase the risk of childhood BD in Hefei. Children aged 0-5 years and girls appear to be particularly sensitive to the effects of high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: New particle formation (NPF) events have been recognized as an important process contributing to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation. In this study, measurement of NPF and predicted number concentrations of CCN using κ-Köhler theory were analyzed to assess the contribution of NPF to possible CCN. The particle growth rates of NPF events were categorized to two types: sulfur-rich (condensation and neutralization of sulfuric acid dominating net growth rate) and sulfur-poor cases. The growth rates for the sulfur-poor events were about 80% larger than those of the sulfur-rich cases on average. NPF events increased the CCN number concentrations by 0.4–6 times in the megacity area of Beijing. The enhancement ratios (the ratio of CCN number concentrations when obvious particle growth ended to that when it started during NPF events) were high for large supersaturation (S). For example, it was about 30–50% higher under S = 0.86% than under S = 0.07%. The enhancement ratios exhibited similar seasonal variation as the growth rates with a larger value in summer than other seasons, which suggested that growth rate was a key factor in the conversion of NPF to possible CCN. The enhancement ratios were higher during the sulfur-poor NPF events with larger growth rates mainly contributed by organic species, indicating that organic species were the dominant chemical contributor in facilitating the conversion of newly formed particles to possible CCN in the Beijing Megacity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In a numerical study, influences of relative humidity (RH) on aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing in the surface boundary layer at Xinken (XK) in Pearl River Delta of China are investigated based on the observed particle hygroscopic growth () and the relevant aerosol physical and chemical properties. The model is validated by comparing the simulated ambient extinction coefficients with those measured by a Raman LIDAR. At 550nm, the scattering coefficient increases with a factor of 1.54 and 2.31 at a RH increase from 30% to 80% and 90%, respectively. This ratio is mainly controlled by , and generally increases with increasing wavelength and decreases with increasing particle effective diameter. From RH 30% to 90%, the average single scattering albedo () changes from 0.77 to 0.88, 0.91 to 0.97, and 0.86 to 0.94 for internal, respectively, external mixtures, and the retrieved mixing state of the elemental carbon (EC) at XK. The assumption that the absorption coefficient does not change upon humidification alone can introduce an overestimation of of 0.02 () at RH 90% for an internal mixture. However, accounting for the EC mixing state at XK, this error is only about 0.3%. The mean upscatter fraction () is evaluated as 0.233 at RH 30% with a 30% decrease to 0.191 at RH 90%. The estimation of aerosol direct radiative forcing () in the surface boundary layer at XK strongly depends on RH and the EC mixing state. The critical at XK is estimated to be about 0.77–0.80 at 550nm. Assuming an internal or coated mixture of EC, no pronounced is observed when , whereas a cooling effect arises while . Under the actual EC mixing conditions at XK, the effect of is cooling. Over 40% of this cooling effect is contributed by water at RH 80% and at RH 90% exceeds that at RH 30% by about a factor of 2.7. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aerosol optical properties (AOPs) of sub- particles under dry conditions (relative humidity (RH) ) were investigated at Xinken in Pearl River Delta of China from 4 October to 5 November 2004. Severe aerosol optical pollution has been found characterized by strongly light-absorbing particles. At 550nm, the magnitude of the light scattering () and absorption (), limited visual range (), and low single scattering albedo () show Xinken to be comparable to the most polluted urban cores rather than even a polluted rural site. Other presented AOPs include hemispheric backscattering fraction () and asymmetry parameter () at 550nm, and Ångström exponent (). Systematic relationships exist among the various AOPs. Their diurnal variations cannot be solely explained with the development of atmospheric boundary layer, but also obviously influenced by local wind patterns, variation of sources, photochemistry and nighttime heterogeneous chemistry. The fractional contributions to extinction, scattering and absorption () due to sub-aerosol-populations and individual chemical compounds are derived by the Mie simulations. The sub- particles contribute more than 90% of the particle extinction (). Under dry conditions, of non-sea-salt sulfate, particulate organic matter, elemental carbon (EC) and residual are about 44%, 17%, 17% and 15%, respectively. However, the water uptake of particles can contribute 50–60% to at RH 90%. So in the ambient atmosphere, sulfate, carbonaceous material and water all play very important roles, concerning the visibility impairment at Xinken. The respective mass extinction, scattering and absorption efficiencies () are mostly consistent with previously reported values for the polluted area. for sub- and sub- ranges are and , respectively. Our results imply a higher for more internally mixed EC under the atmospheric conditions present at Xinken. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Teleseismic images suggest that the Tarim plate plunges ∼45°S, down to ∼300 km depth, beneath NW Tibet. The 410 km discontinuity shallows by ∼10 km under the plateau, implying ∼100°C cooler upper mantle. The deepest Moho on record (∼90 km) lies under W Qiangtang. It rises abruptly by ∼20 and ∼10 km beneath the Altyn Tagh Fault and Bangong Suture, respectively. Vp/Vs ratios are normal, except in the Yecheng flexural basin and deep under the south Karakax volcanics (∼1.92). W Kunlun’s Neogene tectonics are simply accounted for by oblique subduction of lithospheric mantle beneath an upward-extruding thrust wedge of the Tarim crust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Several recent studies have found that the efficacy of computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) on the adenoma detection rate (ADR) diminished in real-world settings. The role of unmeasured factors in AI-human interaction, such as monitor approaches, remains unknown. This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of CADe in the real world and assess the impact of monitor approaches., Methods: A retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted using routine data from a tertiary endoscopy center in China before and after the implementation of CADe. Four propensity score-matched cohorts were established: Cohort 1: pre-CADe matched with dual-monitor CADe-assisted group; Cohort 2: dual-monitor CADe-assisted with single-monitor CADe-assisted group; Cohort 3: pre-CADe with single-monitor CADe-assisted group; and Cohort 4: pre-CADe with CADe period. ADR was set as the primary outcome., Results: There were 5390, 6083, and 6131 eligible patients in the pre-CADe group, dual-monitor group, and single-monitor group, respectively. In the matched analysis, results indicated that regardless of the monitor setup, CADe-assisted groups showed a trend of increased ADR compared with the pre-CADe period (CADe period: OR 1.141, 95% CI 1.047-1.243; p = 0.003; dual-monitor: OR 1.178, 95% CI 1.069-1.299, p = 0.001; single-monitor: OR 1.094, 95% CI 0.998-1.200, p = 0.056). Moreover, no significant difference between different monitor approaches was observed, although dual-monitor setup showed an increasing tendency on ADR compared with single-monitor setup (OR 1.069, 95% CI 0.985-1.161, p = 0.109)., Conclusion: CADe shows great potential to improve ADR during colonoscopy in the real world. Meanwhile, changes in monitor setup do not significantly impact the assistance capability of CADe. Further research dedicated to evaluating the unmeasured elements in the AI-clinician hybrid for better implementation of CADe would be beneficial., (© 2024 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Increasingly severe soil salinization in alkaline wetland due to elevated water evaporation under climate warming affected biogeochemical cycling processes, further threatening ecosystem imbalance and global greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. To reveal the underlying relationship between microbial dynamics, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) characteristics under salinity stress in alkaline wetland, a 40-day microcosm experiment was conducted using soil collected from Zhalong wetland in northern China. The physiochemical properties, bacterial community, N 2 O and CO 2 emissions were observed in responses to different salinity gradients (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.0%). The results showed that 1.0% salinity significantly increased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 578.5% and decreased cumulative CO 2 emissions by 58.8% (p < 0.05). Increased nutrients (TOC, NO 3 - -N) and decreased pH induced by salinity significantly regulated N 2 O (p < 0.05) and CO 2 emissions (p < 0.01). Salinity led to significant loss of bacterial community diversity and strongly altered key bacteria related to C and N cycling. The salinity-sensitive taxa Gaiella and higher abundances of NorB than NosZ facilitated incomplete denitrification process, contributing to N 2 O emissions. Moreover, restrained genes involved in multiple CO 2 production such as organics decomposition (glxk), microbial respiration (coxC) and methane oxidation (pmoA, pmoB) enabled alkaline wetland a CO 2 sink under salinity stress. This study can provide new insights into salinity on microbial responses and GHG budgets in alkaline wetlands under the increasingly severe salinization trend., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Context: Handgrip strength (HGS) is an important indicator of sarcopenia and adverse health outcomes. However, evaluating HGS in children presents challenges, and its association with metabolism remains incompletely understood., Objective: To establish grip strength reference values for Chinese children and adolescents, as well as to evaluate the relationship between HGS and cardiometabolic risk., Methods: Data were collected from 4 072 participants aged 6-18 as part of the Evaluation and Monitoring on School-based Nutrition and Growth in Shenzhen (EMSNGS) study. HGS was measured, and relative HGS (RHGS) was normalized by body mass index. Age- or weight-specific HGS and RHGS were derived using the generalized additive model of location, scale, and shape model, and participants' values were categorized into quartiles, defining low strength as the lowest quartile. The cardiometabolic risk index (CMRI) z-score was calculated, with high risk defined as a z-score of ≥1., Results: Both boys and girls exhibited similar increases in age- and weight-specific grip strength. Low grip strength, classified by weight-specific HGS and RHGS, was linked to higher CMRI z-scores than classifications based on age-specific references in both sexes. A dose-dependent relationship was observed between weight-specific grip strength and cardiometabolic risk, particularly in boys. Compared with the middle category (P25th-P75th), the odds ratios for high cardiometabolic risks associated with low grip strength increased in both sexes., Conclusion: This study established grip strength reference values for Chinese youth, introduced the concept of weight-specific HGS and RHGS, and demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship between weight-specific grip strength and cardiometabolic risk. These findings highlighted the association between low muscle strength and increased cardiometabolic risk., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. See the journal About page for additional terms.)

A multiple-site filter-sampling observation study was conducted in a coastal industrial city (Rizhao, 35°10'59″N, 119°23'57″E) to understand the main components, formation mechanisms, and potential sources of particulate matter. The average (±σ) mass concentration of PM 2.5 across all the sites was 42 (±27) μg/m 3 , with high variability (6-202 μg/m 3 ). Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were the major contributors (54%-60%) to PM 2.5, with mean values for sulfate (13 μg/m 3 ), nitrate (6 μg/m 3 ), and ammonium (7 μg/m 3 ) (SNA). Cl - and K + were the two components that accounted for large proportions of the water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in addition to SNA. Organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) accounted for 19% and 9% of the total PM 2.5 , respectively. The highest concentrations of Cl - (1.9 μg/m 3 ) and Fe (1.3 μg/m 3 ) at the steel mill site imply that the site was heavily impacted by coal combustion and industrial burning. The residential area site presented the highest K + concentration (0.86 μg/m 3 ), which was attributed to the strong influence of biomass burning. The highest char-EC/soot-EC ratios (2.4-6.1) occurred in winter, indicating that Rizhao was more affected by fuel combustion. The positive matrix factorization model (PMF) showed that secondary aerosols and vehicle emissions dominated the observation period. With increasing pollution in winter, the contributions of combustion sources and secondary aerosol sources increased significantly. Among all the sites, the steel mill site had the highest contribution of primary source emissions (67%), with emissions from combustion sources being particularly prominent., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Acute type A aortic dissection (AAD) and acute type A intramural hematoma (AIMH) are life-threatening conditions with high mortality rates, and prognostic indicators are critical for guiding urgent treatment decisions. We assessed the prognostic significance of admission D-dimer levels in patients with AAD and AIMH., Methods and Results: The prospective, multicenter, observational study in China recruited participants from 2013 to 2019. Patients with AAD and AIMH were respectively categorized into quartiles based on admission D-dimer levels. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between D-dimer levels and mortality. A total of 3132 patients with AAD (mean age: 50.63 years [SD, 12.56]) and 353 patients with AIMH (mean age: 59.63 years [SD, 11.00]) were included. In patients with AAD, overall mortality rates increased across D-dimer quartiles: 13.7% (Q1, ≤0.72 mg/L), 16.7% (Q2, 0.72-1.91 mg/L), 22.8% (Q3, 1.91-4.21 mg/L), and 28.5% (Q4, 4.21-20.00 mg/L). In patients with AIMH, mortality rates by quartile were 3.4% (Q1, ≤0.51 mg/L), 5.7% (Q2, 0.51-1.25 mg/L), 4.6% (Q3, 1.25-3.44 mg/L), and 10.2% (Q4, 3.44-20.00 mg/L). After adjusting for confounders, D-dimer was an independent predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42 [95% CI, 1.11-1.80]) and in-hospital mortality (HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.13-1.92]) in patients with AAD. D-dimer levels were not significantly associated with the overall (HR, 2.61 [95% CI, 0.70-9.73]) or in-hospital mortality (HR, 1.78 [95% CI, 0.44-7.24]) of patients with AIMH by multivariable adjustment., Conclusions: Elevated admission D-dimer levels are independently associated with higher mortality in patients with AAD but are not significantly associated with prognosis in patients with AIMH. Our findings suggest that D-dimer may serve as a useful prognostic marker in patients with AAD., Registration: www.chictr.org.cn. Unique identifier: ChiCTR230006854.

Background: Primary headache and psychiatric diseases are bidirectional correlated. The real-world data of depression and anxiety in Chinese patients hospitalized for primary headache, considering all subtypes, remain unclear., Methods: This study enrolled patients attending eight Chinese headache centers from October 2022 to September 2023. A WeChat mini-program was designed to collect data. Headache was diagnosed and confirmed by two headache specialists. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to assess depression and anxiety., Results: Overall, 1963 patients with primary headache were analyzed; the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 20.1% (396/1963) and 14.8% (290/1963), respectively. Of the 1963 patients, 217 (11.1%) had history of anxiety or depression and 184 (9.4%) had undergone assessments. Patients with both primary headache and depression were more likely to be women (77.8% vs 71.9%), experience more severe headache (numerical rating scale; 6.2 ± 1.9 vs 5.7 ± 1.9) and greater impacts on quality of life (Headache Impact Test-6; 65.3± 8.5 vs 58.1 ± 11.5). Those with both primary headache and anxiety exhibited similar results and were less educated. Depression and anxiety were more prevalent in chronic migraineurs (CM) than in episodic migraineurs (36.8% vs 16.9% and 28.9% vs 12.3%, respectively) and in those with chronic (CTTH) than in those with episodic tension-type headache (30.6% vs 15.1% and 20.1% vs 12.8%, respectively)., Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are inadequately diagnosed and strongly associated with sex, severe headache, chronification and disability in patients with primary headache in China. To improve the health of patients with primary headaches, early screening for depression and anxiety is important., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Although China has achieved malaria elimination certification, the risk of malaria transmission reintroduction due to imported malaria remains. We analyzed data on imported malaria cases collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with severe and relapsing malaria. The odds of severe malaria were around 4-fold greater for patients who were initially diagnosed with a nonmalarial illness than for patients initially diagnosed with malaria. The risk of relapse from Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale varied depending on the regions of Africa where patients resided. Patients residing in western and southern Africa (compared with Central Africa) had a lower relative risk of relapse. In addition, treatment with primaquine provided protection against malaria relapse. Improving the timeliness of treatment of malaria patients could help reduce the severity of illness, and use of primaquine can mitigate the risk of relapse after treatment.

The minimum data set (MDS) is widely used for soil health index (SHI) assessment, with the selection of indicators being crucial. However, biological indicators are less frequently used compared to physical and chemical indicators. This study aimed to establish a biologically-centered MDS for assessing soil health in tomato facility agriculture in Ningbo. Using biochemical, microbiological, and nematode data from 60 continuous cropping soils, we identified key indicators for the MDS. Principal component analysis revealed a strong correlation between the MDS and the total data set (TDS), with the final MDS including available phosphorus, electrical conductivity, β-glucosidase, urease, bacterial Chao1 index, bacterial Shannon index, Ralstonia solanacearum, nematode Shannon index, structure index, and channel index. Random forest modeling showed that the predicted SHI had a high fit with the MDS-SHI, with bacterial and nematode Shannon indices being the most influential predictors, emphasizing the critical role of biological communities in maintaining soil health. Furthermore, the study identified three distinct phases in soil health during long-term continuous cropping: healthy (0-10 years), sub-healthy (11-15 years), and recovery (16-20 years), demonstrating the soil's potential for self-recovery. By incorporating biodiversity as a core component, this biologically-focused MDS provides a more comprehensive and precise method for evaluating soil health in facility agriculture. The findings suggest that this MDS could inform future research and applications in similar agricultural systems. Moreover, the results highlight the vital role of biodiversity in agroecosystem stability, suggesting that future soil health assessments should place greater emphasis on biological indicators to better capture the complexity of soil functions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: China published its inaugural national heat-health action plan (HHAP) in 2023, but the mortality burden associated with temperatures exceeding the heat alert thresholds specified by this HHAP (maximum temperatures >35, 37, or 40 °C) remains unknown. We aimed to estimate the historical and future mortality burden associated with temperatures above the heat alert thresholds of the Chinese national HHAP., Methods: We conducted time-series analyses to estimate the mortality burden associated with temperatures exceeding the three heat alert thresholds from 2016 to 2019 in Jiangsu Province (including 13 cities, population ∼80.7 million), China. A quasi-Poisson regression in conjunction with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the dose-response association between maximum temperature and mortality risk from 2016 to 2019, adjusting for potential covariates. We then projected the future mortality burden associated with temperatures exceeding these thresholds under three distinct levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios via scenario shared socioeconomic pathways [SSP] 1-2.6 (low), SSP2-4.5 (intermediate), and SSP5-8.5 (high), respectively, by assuming that there will be no adaptation to heat. Climate scenarios derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were used., Results: From 2016 to 2019, temperatures above 35 °C were associated with 0.51% of mortality, including 0.40% associated with 35 °C-37 °C and 0.11% associated with >37 °C. Heat-related mortality risk was most prominent in those who were single/divorced/widowed and had <10 years of education. Under SSP2-4.5, compared with the 2020s, the excess mortality associated with >37 °C would increase by 1.4 times in the 2050s and 1.7 times in the 2090s. Under SSP5-8.5, the annual number of days with maximum temperature >37 °C would approximately double every 20 years (67 days annually in the 2090s). Consequently, compared with the 2020s, the excess mortality associated with >37 °C would increase by 2.8 times in the 2050s and 18.4 times in the 2090s., Conclusion: Significant mortality risk is associated with temperatures above the lowest heat alert threshold of the Chinese national HHAP (35 °C). If the high GHG emission scenario occurred, the annual number of days and excess mortality associated with maximum temperatures >37 °C would largely increase in the coming decades., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Savolitinib has been approved in China for advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping alterations in previously treated patients and those unable to receive platinum-based chemotherapy. We report results from a treatment-naive cohort of a phase 3b study that was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of savolitinib in locally advanced or metastatic METex14-mutated NSCLC., Methods: This single-arm, multicohort, multicentre, open-label, phase 3b study was done at 48 hospitals in China in adult (≥18 years) patients with locally advanced or metastatic METex14-mutated NSCLC who had not received previous systemic antitumour therapy. Patients with a bodyweight of 50 kg or more and those with a bodyweight of less than 50 kg received savolitinib once daily at 600 mg or 400 mg, respectively, in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was objective response rate assessed by independent review committee (IRC) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1. The full analysis set comprised all patients who received at least one dose of study medication, which was used to assess the efficacy endpoints and baseline and safety data. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04923945) and is closed to accrual., Findings: Between Aug 31, 2021, and Oct 20, 2023, 125 treatment-naive patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 87 were enrolled and received savolitinib. The median age of patients was 70·0 years (IQR 65·2-75·8) and 51 (59%) of 87 patients were male and 36 (41%) were female. In the full analysis set, the IRC-assessed objective response rate was 62% (95% CI 51-72) and the investigator-assessed objective response rate was 60% (49-70), showing a high concordance rate (84%). Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 85 (98%) of 87 patients, with peripheral oedema (54 [62%]) being the most common. Two of these treatment-related adverse events led to death (cardiac failure n=1, unknown reasons n=1)., Interpretation: Savolitinib showed manageable toxicity and promising efficacy in treatment-naive patients with advanced or metastatic METex14-mutated NSCLC., Funding: HUTCHMED and AstraZeneca., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests MS and WS are employees of HUTCHMED. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Critically ill COVID-19 patients may exhibit various clinical symptoms of renal dysfunction including severe Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Currently, there is a lack of bibliometric analyses on COVID-19-related AKI. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current research status and hot topics regarding COVID-19 AKI. The literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Subsequently, we utilized Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, Citespace, and Pajek software to revealed the current research status, emerging topics, and developmental trends pertaining to COVID-19 AKI. This study encompassed a total of 1507 studies on COVID-19 AKI. The United States, China, and Italy emerged as the leading three countries in terms of publication numbers, contributing 498 (33.05%), 229 (15.20%), and 140 (9.29%) studies, respectively. The three most active and influential institutions include Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan University and Harvard Medical School. Ronco C from Italy, holds the record for the highest number of publications, with a total of 15 papers authored. Cheng YC's work from China has garnered the highest number of citations, totaling 470 citations. The co-occurrence analysis of author keywords reveals that 'mortality', 'intensive care units', 'chronic kidney disease', 'nephrology', 'renal transplantation', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome', and 'risk factors' emerge as the primary areas of focus within the realm of COVID-19 AKI. In summary, this study analyzes the research trends in the field of COVID-19 AKI, providing a reference for further exploration and research on COVID-19 AKI mechanisms and treatment.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk determinants of locomotive syndrome (LS) in geriatric cancer survivors in China. To generate evidence-based insights for the clinical prevention and intervention strategies concerning LS in this vulnerable population, emphasizing the need for integrated public health initiatives focused on maintaining mobility among geriatric cancer survivors., Methods: Six hundred geriatric cancer survivors were recruited at a hospital in China. A demographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short (IPAQ-S), and the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) were administered. Survivors were stratified into three physical activity level (PAL) groups via IPAQ-S scores: low, medium, and high. LS was operationally defined via GLFS-25 scores, with cut-offs established for LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3. Elevated GLFS-25 scores signified deteriorated motor function (MF) and increased severity of LS. Data analysis was done to investigate the risk determinants to the occurrence and exacerbation of LS among geriatric cancer survivors., Results: Of the 524 geriatric cancer survivors who completed the study, 292 (55.7%) were diagnosed with LS, including 152 (29%) categorized under LS-1, 52 (9.9%) under LS-2, and 88 (16.8%) under LS-3. Univariate analysis indicated that variations in exercise habits, prior occupational type, presence of tumor metastasis or recurrence, visual impairments, somatosensory abnormalities, and PAL were significantly associated with differing occurrences and severities of LS ( p  < 0.05). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that prior occupational type (OR = 0.466), tumor metastasis (OR = 0.404), tumor recurrence (OR = 0.341), and PAL (medium: OR = 7.178; high: OR = 1.984) were independent risk determinants modulating both the occurrence and severity of LS in cancer survivors ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: The occurrence of LS is notably elevated among geriatric cancer survivors in China, indicating a significant public health concern. Individuals who were previously engaged in non-physically demanding occupations and those with histories of tumor metastasis or recurrence, coupled with reduced PAL, demonstrate a heightened susceptibility and severities to LS. Early identification of these risk determinants is imperative for mitigating the onset and progression of LS. Comprehensive public health strategies, including regular screening programs, targeted physical rehabilitation initiatives, and community-based interventions, are essential to mitigate the onset and progression of LS in this vulnerable population, ultimately reducing its broader impact on aging-related health outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Su, Lu, Yu, Wang, Zhou, Li and Chen.)

Benthivorous fish disturbance and density-dependent competition from adjacent macrophytes are two important biotic factors that significantly impact the growth of submerged macrophyte pioneer species, which is crucial for the success of eutrophication lake restoration. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment to explore the individual and combined effects of these two factors on water quality and the growth of Vallisneria natans. The experiment involved two levels of fish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) disturbance crossed with two levels of Hydrilla verticillata vegetative propagule (shoot) intensity. The results showed that fish disturbance significantly increased the water column total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH 4 ), total phosphorus (TP), and phosphate‑phosphorus (P-PO 4 ). V. natans exhibited restricted plant height elongation and decreased soluble carbohydrate (SC) and starch concentration in fish treatments. Fish disturbance inhibited the growth advantage of V. natans by increasing the extinction coefficient of the water column. There was no statistical significance in total biomass between the two macrophytes in increased vegetative propagule and fish treatments. H. verticillata exhibited a higher relative growth rate (RGR) and summed dominance ratio (SDR 3 ) than V. natans in four treatments and the treatment with three shoots of H. verticillata and one M anguillicaudatus, respectively. Fish disturbance and vegetative propagules showed cumulative effects that negatively affected the RGR&#95;V.H (V. natans relative to H. verticillata). Our findings indicated that benthivorous fish disturbance and vegetative propagules could individually and cumulatively reduce the growth advantage of the pioneer species, V. natans. Our study sheds light on the accumulated effects of multiple disturbances that simultaneously occur in lakes, which holds theoretical and practical importance for lake restoration efforts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Reading disability (RD) may be characterized by reduced print-speech convergence, which is the extent to which neurocognitive processes for reading and hearing words overlap. We examined how print-speech convergence changes from children (mean age: 11.07+0.48) to adults (mean age: 21.33+1.80) in 86 readers with or without RD. The participants were recruited in elementary schools and associate degree colleges in China (from 2020 to 2021). Three patterns of abnormalities were revealed: (1) persistent reduction of print-speech convergence in the left inferior parietal cortex in both children and adults with RD, suggesting a neural signature of RD; (2) reduction of print-speech convergence in the left inferior frontal gyrus only evident in children but not adults with RD, suggesting a developmental delay; and (3) increased print-speech convergence in adults with RD than typical adults in the bilateral cerebella/fusiform, suggesting compensations. It provides insights into developmental differences in brain functional abnormalities in RD., (© 2024 The Author(s). Child Development published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Research in Child Development.)

Background: 24-h movement guidelines (24-HMG) play an important role in various demographics such as early years, children, youth, and the older adult. Nevertheless, most existing research exploring the links between socioeconomic factors, dietary intake, and substance use with sleep patterns, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) has been conducted in high-income Western countries., Purpose: Hence, this study seeks to investigate the relationship between adherence to the 24-HMG and smoking and alcohol use behaviors among children and adolescents in China., Methods: A comprehensive survey, in collaboration with the Municipal Education Commission, was carried out across primary and middle schools in Shenzhen, China. Sleep duration was gauged using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), screen time was assessed with items adapted from the Health Behavior of School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, and PA was measured using a single item adapted from the HBSC survey. Results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), considering p -values below 0.05 as statistically significant., Results: Among the sample, 51.9% were boys and 48% were girls. Those who did not meet any guidelines had a higher probability of smoking (OR = 1.62 [95% CI: 1.03, 2.56], p = 0.037) among children and adolescents. Conversely, meeting one (OR = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.61, 1.52], p = 0.874) or two guidelines (OR = 0.84 [95% CI: 0.52, 1.34], p = 0.459) showed no significant impact. The data displayed an inverse correlation between the number of guidelines adhered to and the likelihood of alcohol use among children and adolescents: none (OR = 2.07, p < 0.001), one guideline (OR = 1.40, p = 0.006), and two guidelines (OR = 1.22, p = 0.106)., Conclusion: Not meeting guidelines elevates smoking and alcohol use risks in children and adolescents, whereas following more guidelines lowers these risks, highlighting the importance of guideline adherence in reducing substance use., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Su, Lyu, Huang and Yan.)

Community assembly processes determine community structure. Deterministic processes are essential for optimizing activated sludge (AS) bioreactor performance. However, the debate regarding the relative importance of determinism versus stochasticity remains contentious, and the influencing factors are indistinct. This study used large-scale 16S rRNA gene data derived from 252 AS samples collected from 28 cities across China to explore the mechanism of AS community assembly. Results showed that the northern communities possessed lower spatial turnover and more significant dispersal limitation than those in the south, whereas the latter had more substantial deterministic processes than the former (14.46 % v.s. 9.12 %). Meanwhile, the communities in the south exhibited lower network complexity and stability. We utilized a structural equation model to explore the drivers of deterministic processes. Results revealed that low network complexity (r = -0.56, P < 0.05) and high quorum sensing bacteria abundance (r = 0.25, P < 0.001) promoted deterministic assembly, which clarifies why determinism was stronger in southern communities than northern ones. Furthermore, total phosphorus and hydraulic retention time were found to be the primary abiotic drivers. These findings provide evidence to understand the community deterministic assembly, which is crucial for resolving community structure and improving bioreactor performance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Despite evidence linking fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), the impact of its components remains unclear. Socioeconomic status (SES) and regional disparities may confound their association. We aim to evaluate the associations between PM 2.5 components and CMM and explore how socioeconomic status and regional disparities affect these relationships., Methods: We recruited 108,941 participants aged 35-76 years from ten cities in eastern China. Individual exposure was assessed using Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) data, including PM 2.5 and five components: ammonium (NH 4 + ), black carbon (BC), nitrates (NO 3 - ), organic matter (OM), and sulfates (SO 4 2- ). Generalized linear models and quantile g-computation models were employed to quantify the effects of PM 2.5 components on CMM and to identify key components. Stratified analyses were performed to investigate the modifying effect of SES and regional disparities., Results: For each increase in interquartile range (IQR), BC (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, 95 % CI 1.29-1.47), OM (1.38, 1.29-1.48), NH 4 + (1.31, 1.21-1.40), NO 3 - (1.34, 1.25-1.44), and SO 4 2- (1.28, 1.20-1.38) were positively associated with CMM. Joint exposure to five components was significantly positively associated with CMM (OR: 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.21-1.33), with SO 4 2- having the highest estimated weight, followed by NO 3 - and BC. These associations were stronger for participants from low socio-economic status and poor regions., Conclusion: In summary, we found a stronger hazard effect of PM 2.5 and its components on CMM, compared to those suffering from CMDs, particularly among participants with low socioeconomic status and in poor regions. SO 4 2- may be a primary contributor to the association between PM 2.5 related pollution sources in health policies, particularly amid China's aging population, reducing environmental health inequalities is critical.4 2- related pollution sources in health policies, particularly amid China's aging population, reducing environmental health inequalities is critical., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Extreme temperatures and air pollution are increasingly important risk factors for human health in the background of climate change, with limited evidence available for neurological disorders. This study intended to investigate the short-term effects of extreme temperatures on childhood epilepsy and explore the potential modifying effect of air pollution., Methods: Daily childhood epilepsy hospitalization, meteorological and air pollution data were collected from 10 cities in Anhui Province of China during 2016-2018. We firstly employed a space-time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression model to fit the short-term relationship between temperature and epilepsy. Then, we conducted stratified analyses by the level of air pollution and individual characteristics., Results: Both extreme heat and extreme cold increased the risk of hospitalization for childhood epilepsy. The effect of extreme heat [97.5th vs. minimum hospitalization temperature (MHT)] on hospitalization was acute and emerged at lag0 [OR: 1.229 (95 %CI: 1.035 to 1.459)], while the effect of extreme cold (2.5th vs. MHT) was delayed and appeared at lag5 [OR: 1.098 (95 %CI: 1.043 to 1.156)]. We also found children aged 6-18 years were more susceptible to extreme cold than children aged 0-5 years. Besides, extreme heat and cold effects differed by the level of air pollutants., Conclusion: This study suggests that extreme temperatures might be the novel but currently neglected risk factor for childhood epilepsy, and air pollution could further amplify the adverse effect of temperature., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Studies have shown that abnormal temperature at night is a risk factor for respiratory health. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of hot and cold nights on cause-specific diseases such as pneumonia, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children., Methods: We collected daily data on pneumonia hospitalisations in children under five years from 2011 to 2017 in three low-, middle- and high-income countries (Bangladesh, China, and Australia). The intensity of hot and cold nights was measured by excess temperature. A space-time-stratified case-crossover analysis was used to estimate the association between hot and cold nights and childhood pneumonia hospitalisations. We further estimated the fraction of childhood pneumonia hospitalisations attributable to hot and cold nights., Results: Both hot and cold nights were associated with an increased risk of hospitalisations for childhood pneumonia in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, with a greater disease burden from hot nights. Specifically, the fraction of childhood pneumonia attributable to hot nights was the largest in Australia [21.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.8%-28.1%], followed by Bangladesh (15.2%, 95% CI: 4.1%-23.8%) and China (2.7%, 95% CI: 0.4%-4.7%). Additionally, the fraction of childhood pneumonia attributable to cold nights was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.4%-2.0%) in Bangladesh and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.7%) in China., Conclusion: This multi-country study suggests that hot and cold nights are not only associated with a higher risk of pneumonia hospitalisations in children but also responsible for substantial fraction of hospitalisations, with a greater impact from hot nights., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are ubiquitous in various environmental samples, which has led to increasing concerns regarding their potential health risks to humans and wildlife. However, the comparison of the contamination patterns of LCMs between indoor and outdoor environments has rarely been studied. In this study, 35 LCMs were investigated in n = 55 dust samples collected from indoor (n = 20) and outdoor (n = 35) spaces in Yulin, Northwest China. The LCMs were widely detected in indoor and outdoor dusts; the total concentrations of LCMs ranged from 48.6 to 396 ng/g (median: 153 ng/g), and from not detectable to 388 ng/g (median: 56.4 ng/g) in indoor and outdoor dusts, respectively. The concentration levels of ΣLCMs in indoor dusts were significantly higher than those in outdoor dusts (p < 0.05). For each microenvironment, the ranking order of LCM concentrations was dormitory (mean: 202 ng/g) > teaching building (182 ng/g) > campus road (150 ng/g) > urban road (107 ng/g) > laboratory building (91.0 ng/g) > pedestrian street (20.1 ng/g). The mean estimated daily intake values of Σ 35 LCMs for adults were 2.48 × 10 -2 and 1.37 × 10 -3  ng/g BW/day in indoor and outdoor dusts, respectively. The hazard quotients of individual LCMs and hazard indices of all analytes were considerably less than one, indicating little health risk for humans via dust ingestion., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)