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The present study throws light on the scholarly communication of three leading countries in the field of pharmaceutical research as reflected in SCOPUS database during 1998-2017. In terms of publication output, United States with two leading Asian countries, China and India leads with 40.54 per cent share of the global research publication share in pharmaceutical sciences. The global outcome of scholarly communication in the field of pharmaceutical research is 1395221. The study mainly focuses both on qualitative and quantitative research growth of United States, China and India in terms of output of scholarly communication, citation impact, relative research effort, common sources used for publications and research collaboration. The growth pattern of three leading countries is highly chaotic. The relative research effort of India and China increased during 2008-2017 while in United States, it was decreased. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, Tetrahedron Letters and Tetrahedron are the common source of communication in these three countries. All the three countries show the positive shift in international collaboration during 1998-2002 to 2012-2017 in pharmaceutical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the size distributions of the filamentous green alga Ulothrix in Daphnia guts and ambient lake water from February to May 2004 in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China. The aim was to establish whether daphnids selected the filaments in a certain length range or ingested them indiscriminately regardless of size. We also investigated the effect of Daphnia body size on filament size selection. Both large-sized cladocerans, i.e. Daphnia spp., and the filamentous alga Ulothrix sp. were abundant in spring period (February–May 2004). We simultaneously investigated and compared the length distributions of Ulothrix in the lake and the guts of daphnids that varied in size. The maximum lengths of Ulothrix filaments ingested by each size class of daphnids varying in length from 0.75 to 2.90 mm ranged from 380 and 1030 µm; a range that is quite similar to the size ranges of filaments found in the lake. Also the size frequency of the filaments in Daphnia guts versus those in the lake did not differ significantly. The number of filaments in the guts of individual daphnids ranged from 0 to 668. Our results demonstrated that daphnids (>0.75 mm) did not feed selectivity on a certain length range of filaments but rather do so in proportion to their availability in the lake. Daphnids <0.75 mm did not feed on Ulothrix filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]