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Background: Hypertension is highly prevalent among the older adults. Self-care is an effective method for the secondary prevention of hypertension, but until now, there has been no specialized instrument to evaluate the ability for self-care in elderly Chinese patients with hypertension. Objectives: The aims of this study were to cross-culturally translate the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory into Chinese and apply it to elderly patients with preliminary hypertension. Methods: This is a methodological study with steps that included translation, synthesis, back-translation, back-translation review, expert committee review, pretesting, and submission to authors. We conducted preliminary psychometric analyses that included content validity, item-total correlation, internal consistency reliability, principal factor analysis, and test/retest reliability. Results: The translation equivalence was obtained between the adapted version and the original scale. The item-level content validity index had a range of 0.833 to 1. The scale-level content validity average method and Cronbach a were 0.986 and 0.858 for the total scale, respectively. The test/retest reliability was 0.949. Principal factor analyses showed the presence of 4, 1, and 1 latent factors in 3 separate subscales. Conclusions: The Self-care of Hypertension Inventory has been successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted to Chinese. It is suitable for application to elderly Chinese patients with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate insecticide resistance levels and dynamic changes of carboxylesterase polymorphism with time in resistant populations of mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex, four field populations were collected in September 2006. The resistance levels of fom-th-instar larvae to organophosphate (dichlorvos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos), carbamate (fenobucarb and propoxur), and pyrethroid (permethrin and tetramethrin) insecticides were determined by bioassay. Larvae had a low but significant resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides but no significant resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Starch gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of the overproduced esterases B1, A2-B2, A8-B8, A9-B9, and A11-B11. The frequency of each overproduced esterases varied depending on its regional localities. Compared with previous surveys, the polymorphism of amplified esterase alleles in Beijing populations increased, although the resistance level to organophosphate insecticides declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring ways to improve the green efficiency of industry water resources (GEIWR) is an inevitable requirement for achieving harmonious and sustainable industrial development and water use. Taking the urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) as an example, this paper constructed an industrial green water resource efficiency index system. Based on the slack based model (SBM), the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the GEIWR during 2006- 2019 were analyzed, and its spatial differentiation characteristics were investigated by exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), Besides, a spatial Tobit model was constructed to reveal its influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) Temporally, the GEIWR ranged between 0.525 and 0.745 from 2006 to 2019 with an overall flat change, showing two distinct phases of change. Spatially, the difference varied markedly, with the GEIWR showing a pattern of "high in the south and low in the north" from 2006-2010 and "high in the centre and low around" from 2014-2019. (2) GEIWR global Moran's I value between 0.003 and 0.462, showing positive correlation characteristics, but the coefficient gradually decreased and the spatial correlation decreased; The local autocorrelation aggregation region changed significantly, the spatial aggregation effect was apparent before 2014, the concentration area decreased in 2019, the spatial correlation decreased, the spatial disequilibrium appeared. (3) The economic and industrial structure and the level of science and education had a significant effect on GEIWR and the economic benefits of industrial water resources showed an inverse inhibitory effect, while the natural resource endowment and degree of industrialization had no significant impact on GEIWR. Thence, when formulating water resources protection policies, the spatial distribution and influencing factors should be taken into account and the specific situation should be analyzed, to provide scientific basis for improving the GEIWR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is highly prevalent among the older adults. Self-care is an effective method for the secondary prevention of hypertension, but until now, there has been no specialized instrument to evaluate the ability for self-care in elderly Chinese patients with hypertension., Objectives: The aims of this study were to cross-culturally translate the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory into Chinese and apply it to elderly patients with preliminary hypertension., Methods: This is a methodological study with steps that included translation, synthesis, back-translation, back-translation review, expert committee review, pretesting, and submission to authors. We conducted preliminary psychometric analyses that included content validity, item-total correlation, internal consistency reliability, principal factor analysis, and test/retest reliability., Results: The translation equivalence was obtained between the adapted version and the original scale. The item-level content validity index had a range of 0.833 to 1. The scale-level content validity average method and Cronbach α were 0.986 and 0.858 for the total scale, respectively. The test/retest reliability was 0.949. Principal factor analyses showed the presence of 4, 1, and 1 latent factors in 3 separate subscales., Conclusions: The Self-care of Hypertension Inventory has been successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted to Chinese. It is suitable for application to elderly Chinese patients with hypertension.