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Primulina zhoui and Primulina huangii, two new species of Gesneriaceae from the limestone area in Guangxi, China are described and illustrated. Primulina zhoui is similar to Primulina multifida B. Pan & K.F. Chung, but differs from the latter in its bracts, calyx lobes, corolla, adaxial lip and disc. Primulina huangii closely resembles Primulina bipinnatifida (W.T. Wang) Y.Z. Wang & J.M. Li, but differs from the latter in its bracts, pedicel, corolla, corolla tube, adaxial lip and pistil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primulina wenii (Gesneriaceae) is described and illustrated here as a new species. Morphologically, this new species resembles P. juliae (Hance) Mich. Möller & A. Weber, but it is distinct from the latter by some obvious features in leaf blade, bract, indumentum, corolla, filament, stigma and pistil. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and plastid trnL-F intronspacer (trnL-F) DNA sequence data from the new species and its 22 relatives are used to determine the systematic position of the new species within Primulina. Molecular evidence suggests that P. wenii is strongly supported as a sister to a clade in which P. juliae is included. The conservation status of P. wenii is assessed as "Critically Endangered" (CR) according to IUCN Red List categories and criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oreocharis dayaoshanioides Yan Liu & W. B. Xu, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is most similar and closely related to Oreocharis cotinifolia (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller & A. Weber (=Dayaoshania cotinifolia W.T. Wang), differing from the latter by the distinctly serrulate leaf margin, much branched cymes, smaller and numerous flowers with abaxial lipped-lobes being broadly ovate to orbicular-ovate, and a glabrous pistil. The new species is extremely rare, currently known only from one site in eastern Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primulina gongchengensis Y.S. Huang & Yan Liu (Gesneriaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Guangxi, China. It is similar to P. macrodonta, but its leaves are densely glandular-pubescent on both surfaces, with a cuneate or broadly cuneate base and a repand or crenate margin; densely glandular-pubescent petiole and peduncle; purple corolla, with the tube ca. 1.5 cm long, 6-8 mm in diam. at the mouth; ca. 2 mm long, glabrous anthers; 3 staminodes, the lateral ones 1 mm long and the middle one 0.5 mm long; 1.5-1.8 cm long pistil; ca. 4 mm long ovary; and ca. 1 mm long stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fragrant flower plant Osmanthus fragrans has an extremely rare androdioecious breeding system displaying the occurrence of males and hermaphrodites in a single population, which occupies a crucial intermediate stage in the evolutionary transition between hermaphroditism and dioecy. However, the molecular mechanism of androdioecy plant is very limited and still largely unknown., Results: Here, we used SWATH-MS-based quantitative approach to study the proteome changes between male and hermaphroditic O. fragrans pistils. A total of 428 proteins of diverse functions were determined to show significant abundance changes including 210 up-regulated and 218 down-regulated proteins in male compared to hermaphroditic pistils. Functional categorization revealed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) primarily distributed in the carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism as well as signaling cascades. Further experimental analysis showed the substantial carbohydrates accumulation associated with promoted net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were observed in purplish red pedicel of hermaphroditic flower compared with green pedicel of male flower, implicating glucose metabolism serves as nutritional modulator for the differentiation of male and hermaphroditic flower. Meanwhile, the entire upregulation of secondary metabolism including flavonoids, isoprenoids and lignins seem to protect and maintain the male function in male flowers, well explaining important feature of androdioecy that aborted pistil of a male flower still has a male function. Furthermore, nine selected DEPs were validated via gene expression analysis, suggesting an extra layer of post-transcriptional regulation occurs during O. fragrans floral development., Conclusion: Taken together, our findings represent the first SWATH-MS-based proteomic report in androdioecy plant O. fragrans, which reveal carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism and post-transcriptional regulation contributing to the androdioecy breeding system and ultimately extend our understanding on genetic basis as well as the industrialization development of O. fragrans., (© 2021. The Author(s).)