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Under the current rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, competition for production, living, and ecological spaces is becoming fierce. Improving production–living–ecological spaces (PLESs) has become a core issue in China's land‐space development strategy. In this study, the multiple linear logistic regression (MLLR)–multicriteria evaluation (MCE)–cellular automata (CA)–Markov hybrid model was used to predict the land‐use pattern for 2030, and the spatial conflict model was established based on landscape indices to measure the evolution characteristics of spatial conflicts. The results demonstrated that, from 2005 to 2030, the production–ecological space (PES) will have front‐runner status in Wuhan, followed by the ecological–production space (EPS). In 2005–2015, the living–production space (LPS) and PES occupied large amounts of EPS and ecological space (ES), especially in the main urban areas and near rivers, and the spatial transformation was the most significant. By 2030, there will be less transformation of each space type, but the conversion amount of LPS will still be relatively large. With the passage of time, the LPS will increase, the EPS will decrease slightly, and the ES will fluctuate. During the period 2005–2030, the conflict level will change gradually from seriously out of control to controllable, and the hot spot of PLES will show a scattering distribution. The cold spot area will be distributed mainly in the southern part of Wuhan, which will be expanded greatly by 2030. Our research indicates that analyzing the reasonable utilization of PLES is of great value by identifying spatial conflicts; differentiated sustainable development strategies should be formulated according to the future spatial and temporal patterns of PLES, which can help in scientific judgments on the spatial matching of land use and provide early warnings of spatial conflicts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1578–1596. © 2021 SETAC KEY POINTS: The exchange of production–living–ecological spaces can present the contradictory signals of regional spatial conflict.The results of conflict identification of PLES in time and space can provide a reference for future regional specific optimizing land allocation.The measurement model constructed based on the landscape pattern indices can reveal the identification of regional spatial conflicts. Over time, the PLES spatial conflict in Wuhan will be gradually improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sugarcane plantations in China occupy large areas of undulated terrain. During the operation of a sugarcane harvester, the operator's vision is severely obstructed, and the height of the cutter needs to be adjusted frequently, resulting in low sugarcane harvesting efficiency and difficulty in ensuring harvesting quality. However, the current diversified non-contact methods are unable to distinguish or penetrate the interference well to provide feedback regarding the change in terrain height. Based on the proposed contact sensing method, a contact terrain sensing device is designed for application to the sugarcane harvester, and the orthogonal test is carried out with the standard orthogonal table L9(34) to study the influence of the working parameters of the device on the terrain height sensing performance. Through the analysis of the working principle of the device, three factors (moving speed, rotational torque, and preload) are tested in three levels, and index systems of the Fréchet distance and residual standard deviation are proposed. The range and variance analysis methods are used to statistically analyze the test results to determine the primary and secondary orders of operation parameters. Then, the regression model was obtained by regression analysis on the influencing factors. After analysis, the influences of moving speed and rotating torque were found to be the most significant, and the influence of preload was the smallest. The results show that the average relative errors between the experimental values and predicted model values of the Fréchet distance and residual standard deviation were 3.46% and 2.48%. According to the practical applications of the sugarcane harvester and the data of the two indexes, the optimal value ranges of moving speed (km/h) and rotating torque (Nm) are determined as (1.57, 1.75) and (0.73, 0.86), respectively, which provide a certain reference for the subsequent application of the terrain sensing device to sugarcane harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]