Search

Background: As a newly approved immune checkpoint inhibitor in China, serplulimab has been widely used in the immunotherapy of tumors. However, the immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors should not be ignored. Although immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus is a rare complication, it may cause diabetic ketoacidosis and endanger the lives of patients. Case presentation: This case report describes a 55-year-old male of Han nationality from China diagnosed with small-cell lung cancer with multiple metastases who experienced an adverse event of type 1 diabetes mellitus 68 weeks after receiving serplulimab therapy. The patient presented with typical symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis, including severe thirst, nausea, vomiting, deep respirations, and stupor. Despite the absence of diabetes-related autoantibodies, the patient had extremely low levels of insulin and C-peptide release. Other potential causes of diabetes were ruled out, confirming the condition as serplulimab-induced immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. After aggressive treatment to correct diabetic ketoacidosis, the patient's blood glucose levels stabilized and symptoms of diabetes improved significantly, although long-term insulin maintenance therapy was necessary. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare, late-onset adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus that may be overlooked during treatment with serplulimab. The monitoring of blood glucose levels and early signs and symptoms of diabetes cannot be relaxed at the late stage of treatment, even if patients do not have elevated blood glucose levels before and during the middle stage of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium (K) input is essential for the improvement of soil fertility in agricultural systems. However, organic amendment may differ from mineral K fertilization with respect to modifying the soil K transformation among different fractions, affecting soil K availability. We conducted a 60-day lab incubation experiment to evaluate the response of soil K dynamics and availability in various fractions with a view to simulating crop residue return and chemical K fertilization in an Anthrosol of northwest China. The tested soil was divided into two main groups, no K fertilization (K0) and K fertilization (K1), each of which was subjected to four straw addition regimes: no straw addition (Control), wheat straw addition (WS), maize straw addition (MS), and both wheat straw and maize straw addition (WS+MS). Soil K levels in the available (AK) and non-exchangeable (NEK) fractions were both significantly increased after K addition, following the order of K>WS>MS. Fertilizer K was the most efficient K source, demonstrating a 72.9% efficiency in increasing soil AK, while wheat and maize straw exhibited efficiencies of 47.1% and 39.3%, respectively. Furthermore, K fertilization and wheat and maize straw addition increased the soil AK in a cumulative manner when used in combination. The mobility factor (MF) and reduced partition index (IR) of soil K were used to quantitate the comprehensive soil K mobility and stability, respectively. Positive relationships were observed between the MF and all relatively available fractions of soil K, whereas the IR value of soil K correlated negatively with both MF and all available fractions of soil K. In conclusion, straw amendment could be inferior to mineral K fertilization in improving soil K availability when they were almost equal in the net K input. Crop straw return coupled with K fertilization can be a promising strategy for improving both soil K availability and cycling in soil–plant systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We quantified the effects of different straw return modes on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen content (TN) and C:N ratios in a wheat/maize double‐cropping agricultural system by analysing their content in different soil aggregate sizes and density fractions under four modes of straw return: (a) no return/retention of wheat and maize straw (Control); (b) retention of long wheat stubble only (Wheat Stubble); (c) retention of long wheat stubble and return of chopped maize straw (Mixed); and (d) return of chopped wheat and maize straw (Both Chopped). The Mixed and Both Chopped straw return modes produced the highest crop yields. Relative to the Control, SOC stock was 9.6% greater with the Mixed treatment and 14.5% greater with the Both Chopped treatment, whereas the Wheat Stubble treatment had no effect on SOC. Mixed and Both Chopped significantly enhanced TN stock relative to the Wheat Stubble and Control treatments. Compared with the Control, the Mixed and Both Chopped treatments increased the mass proportions of large macroaggregates and reduced the silt plus clay fraction; Mixed and Both Chopped caused a significant increase in SOC and TN in large and small macroaggregates; the Mixed treatment significantly increased SOC content in the coarse and fine intra‐aggregate particulate organic matter (iPOM) density fractions of large macroaggregates, whereas Both Chopped increased SOC in the coarse iPOM, fine iPOM and mineral‐associated organic matter (mSOM) density fractions of both large and small macroaggregates; and Mixed and Both Chopped enhanced TN content in coarse iPOM and fine iPOM within small macroaggregates. Although the Mixed treatment was slightly less effective at improving C sequestration in agricultural fields than the Both Chopped treatment, the Mixed treatment may nonetheless be the optimal plant residue management mode in terms of minimizing time and labour due to its ability to improve soil structure, maintain organic carbon levels and provide a means of sustainable crop production in intensive wheat/maize double‐cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative design and screening methodology of blended extractants was proposed, for co-extracting phenolic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) pollutants from coal chemical wastewater. The methodology includes two major issues, generating single-component candidate extractants and screening optimal binary extractants. In this work, two single-component extractant candidate sets, which present the potential to be good extractants of phenolic and PAHs/NHCs pollutants respectively, were generated by data searching of the Existing Commercial Compound Database (ECCD). The binary extractant candidate set was generated by traversal inter-combination between these two single-component candidate sets. To screen the target blended extractants from the generated candidates, a series of non-linear programming (NLP) models were set up and solved via special tailored strategy. Pseudo-component was introduced to represent various pollutants in coal chemical wastewater which reducing the size and complexity of NLP problems. Miscibility constraints of blended extractants and grid parallel computing method were adopted to reduce the time cost. Case study showed that the selected binary extractants can achieve co-extracting phenolic and PAHs/NHCs pollutants. It will benefit the sustainable development of coal chemical industry in China. Image 1 • An innovative design and screening method of blended extractants was proposed. • Pseudopollutant and parallel solving were used for high throughput screening. • The selected binary extractants can achieve co-extraction of phenolic, PAHs/NHCs. • The results show better performance than the widely used MIBK and DIPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]