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The objective of this study was to ascertain the efficacy of music therapy in alleviating anxiety among university students. This is achieved by employing the theory of planned behaviour. A survey comprising 350 participants was disseminated to evaluate their subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, attitudes, intentions to engage, and actual involvement in music therapy, as well as their degrees of anxiety. The information gathered was examined using structural equation modelling. The findings validated that favorable attitudes, robust subjective standards, and elevated perceived behavioral control fostered students' inclination to engage in music therapy. In addition, it is unsurprising that students who intended to participate ultimately followed through and carried out the task. The structural equation modelling analysis ultimately demonstrated that engaging in these sessions significantly decreased students' levels of anxiety. While effective in the examined context, the research acknowledges geographic and demographic limitations, suggesting the need for broader investigations. This study adds to the growing evidence supporting the integration of music therapy into mental health services, particularly for university students facing academic stressors.

Based on findings from a large meta-data-based literature survey, this article is intended to provide a comprehensive synthesis of key features of China's music education system as seen through the lens of n = 116 major research studies, drawn from a total of N = 3,257 high-impact Chinese journal articles published during 2007 to 2019. The synthesis suggests that (1) education reform, aesthetic education, Chinese traditional music and cultural identity were found to be the most prominent topics across all levels of formal music education; and (2) in most studies, government financial support, policy priorities, curriculum enforcement and paedagogical innovation are proposed as general cures to address perceptions of an unsatisfactory situation within music education. However, (3) by relating these findings to national statistics, a clear gap is identified between several research studies and actual social contexts, suggesting a possible deviation of academic communities from realistic educational and social challenges. Thus, external validity issues related to these studies are also discussed critically, along with their potential influence on views of what counts as Chinese music education in domestic and international research communities.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) marks a critical phase in the progression to dementia. In our study, social workers utilized the Multicomponent Nonpharmacological Intervention Approach (MCNIA) to aid MCI participants (N = 52) and their caregivers, dividing into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent an additional regimen of non-pharmacological therapies besides pharmacological treatment. Our findings highlighted that: 1) MCNIA significantly enhanced cognitive and daily living abilities in the intervention group; 2) Caregivers experienced reduced burdens and improved social support; 3) Correlation analyses involving biomarkers indicated that MCNIA was particularly effective in alleviating depression in those with slightly more severe cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-pharmacological interventions have a myriad of available intervention options and contain multiple components. Whether specific components of non-pharmacological interventions or combinations are superior to others remains unclear. The main aim of this study is to compare the effects of different combinations of non-pharmacological interventions and their specific components on health-related outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and China's two largest databases, CNKI and Wanfang, were searched from inception to 22nd, January 2023. Randomized controlled trials using non-pharmacological interventions and reporting health outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Component network meta-analysis was conducted employing an additive component model for network meta-analysis. This study followed the PRISMA reporting guideline and the PRISMA checklist is presented in Additional file 2. Results: A total of 39 trials with 2959 patients were included (range of mean ages, 58.79–77.41 years). Resistance exercise might be the optimal intervention for reducing memory complaints in adults with subjective cognitive decline; the surface under the cumulative ranking p score was 0.888, followed by balance exercise (p = 0.859), aerobic exercise (p = 0.832), and cognitive interventions (p = 0.618). Music therapy, cognitive training, transcranial direct current stimulation, mindfulness therapy, and balance exercises might be the most effective intervention components for improving global cognitive function (iSMD, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.29), language (iSMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.38), ability to perform activities of daily living (iSMD, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.89), physical health (iSMD, 3.29; 95% CI, 2.57 to 4.00), and anxiety relief (iSMD, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.16), respectively. Conclusions: The form of physical activity performed appears to be more beneficial than cognitive interventions in reducing subjective memory complaints for adults with subjective cognitive decline, and this difference was reflected in resistance, aerobic, and balance exercises. Randomized clinical trials with high-quality and large-scale are warranted to validate the findings. Trial registration: PROSPERO registry number. CRD42022355363. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that music therapy can be used as a therapeutic aid for clinical disorders. To evaluate the effects of music therapy (MT) on language communication and social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a meta-analysis was performed on eligible studies in this field. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in eight databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, the Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) Database, and the VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database. The standard mean difference (SMD) values were used to evaluate outcomes, and the pooled proportions and SMD with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated. Results: Eighteen randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were included, with a total of 1,457 children with ASD. This meta-analysis revealed that music therapy improved their language communication [SMD = -1.20; 95%CI -1.45, -0.94; χ² (17) = 84.17, I² = 80%, p<0.001] and social skills [SMD = -1. 13; 95%CI -1.49, -0.78; χ² (17) = 162.53, I² =90%, p< 0.001]. In addition, behavior [SMD = -1.92; 94%CI -2.56, -1.28; χ² (13) = 235.08, I² =95%, p< 0.001], sensory perception [SMD = -1.62; 95%CI -2.17, -1.08; χ² (16) = 303.80, I² = 95%, p < 0.001], self-help [SMD = -2. 14; 95%CI -3.17, -1.10; χ² (6) = 173.07, I² = 97%, p< 0.001] were all improved. Conclusion: Music therapy has a positive effect on the improvement of symptoms in children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although existing studies have shown that both repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and music therapy have advantages in the treatment of non‐fluent aphasia, the efficacy of the combination of these two methods remains to be investigated. Aims: To investigate the clinical efficacy of low‐frequency rTMS combined with music therapy on language function and depression in patients with non‐fluent aphasia after stroke. Methods & Procedures: A single‐blind parallel randomised controlled trial was conducted. Sixty patients (mean duration = 93.78 days) with non‐fluent aphasia after stroke were randomly divided into a traditional therapy group (n = 20), a music therapy group (n = 20) and a combined therapy group (n = 20, 1 Hz). The language function and depression were evaluated before and 3 weeks after treatment with the Chinese version of the Western Aphasia Battery scale, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination scale and Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital Version scale. Outcomes & Results: The combined therapy group was significantly better in all outcomes than the traditional therapy group and was significantly better in depression than the music therapy group. The music therapy group was significantly better in repetition and depression than the traditional therapy group. Language improvement was positively correlated with depression improvement. For adverse events, only two patients in the combined therapy group showed slight dizziness during rTMS treatment and their symptoms improved after rest. Conclusions & Implications: Our preliminary randomised controlled study indicates that low‐frequency rTMS combined with music therapy is feasible and safe in improving language function and depression in non‐fluent aphasia patients after stroke. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and music therapy respectively have advantages in the treatment of non‐fluent aphasia after stroke, but whether the combination of the two methods is more effective is still unknown. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge: This is one of the first randomised control trials to investigate whether the clinical efficacy of low‐frequency rTMS combined music therapy for non‐fluent aphasia is better. The findings show that low‐frequency rTMS combined music therapy is superior to traditional therapy in spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, aphasia quotient, functional language level and depression, and superior to music therapy in depression, while music therapy is superior to traditional therapy in repetition and depression. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: Low‐frequency rTMS combined music therapy may be a better method for treatment of non‐fluent aphasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effects of nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) on poststroke depression (PSD) in stroke patients. Methods: Computer searches were conducted on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases from their establishment to December 2023. The selection was made using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 40 articles were included to compare the effects of the 17 NPIs on patients with PSD. Results: Forty studies involving seventeen interventions were included. The network findings indicated that compared with conventional therapy (COT), superior PSD improvement was observed for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) + acupoint acupuncture (CBTA) (mean difference [MD], -4.25; 95% CI, -5.85 to -2.65), team positive psychotherapy (MD, -4.05; 95% CI, -5.53 to -2.58), music therapy (MT) + positive psychological intervention (MD, -2.25; 95% CI, -3.65 to -0.85), CBT (MD, -1.52; 95% CI, -2.05 to -0.99), mindfulness- based stress reduction (MD, -1.14; 95% CI, -2.14 to -0.14), MT (MD, -0.95; 95% CI, -1.39 to -0.52), acupoint acupuncture + MT (AAMT) (MD, -0.69; 95% CI, -1.25 to -0.14). Furthermore, CBT (MD, -3.87; 95% CI, -4.57 to -3.17), AAMT (MD, -1.02; 95% CI, -1.41 to -0.62), acupressure + MT (MD, -0.91; 95% CI, -1.27 to -0.54), and narrative care + acupressure (MD, -0.74; 95% CI, -1.19 to -0.29) demonstrated superior Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) improvement compared with COT. Conclusion: Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggests that CBTA improves depression in patients with PSD. Moreover, CBT improves sleep in these patients. Additional randomized controlled trials are required to further investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of these interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep disorders are one of the most common non-motor symptoms in PD. It can cause a notable decrease in quality of life and functioning in PD patients, as well as place a huge burden on both patients and caregivers. Currently, there are numerous non-pharmacological interventions available to improve sleep quality in PD, with disagreement as to which intervention is most effective. This network meta-analysis was performed to compare and rank nonpharmacological interventions to explore their efficacy in improving sleep quality in PD and to select the best interventions, with a view to providing references and bases for the development of clinical treatments and care programs. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to December 6, 2023. Two authors independently screened all studies, extracted the data, and evaluated risk of bias of included studies. STATA software version 17.0 was used to conduct the network meta-analysis. Results: Our network meta-analysis included 29 studies involving 1,477 participants and 16 non-pharmacological interventions. Although most nonpharmacological interventions showed non-significant effects, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values indicated that the best nonpharmacological intervention for sleep disorders was massage therapy (97.3%), followed by music therapy (94.2%), and Treadmill training (85.7%). Conclusion: Massage therapy can be considered as an effective therapy for improving sleep quality in patients with PD. Due to limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify the conclusions of this network meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate online-merge-offline (OMO)-based music therapy (MT) as a complementary option for asthma management in pediatric patients. A total of 86 children diagnosed with mild asthma were enrolled and treated with the same drug therapy. They were assigned into three groups: Music I group (standard medical care plus a single individualized MT session along with singing training and breathing exercise), Music II group (similar as Music I as well as further wind instrument playing), and Control group (standard medical care). Primary endpoints included pulmonary function tests FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MMEF 75/25, and PEF, c-ACT, PAQLQ, and PACQLQ. After 6 months of continuous intervention of MT, significant differences in FEV1, FVC, MMEF75/25, PEF, c-ACT score, PAQLQ, PACQLQ (p < 0.001), and FEV1/FVC (p < 0.05) were observed among Music I, Music II, and Control groups. Besides, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MMEF75/25, and PEF showed positive trends in Music I and Music II groups compared to those in Control group (p < 0.05). The c-ACT score of children was significantly increased in Music I (p < 0.001) and II (p < 0.001) groups in contrast with Control group. Children in Music I and II groups had better quality of life than those in Control group (PAQLQ, p < 0.001), and the parents in Music I and II groups also showed better quality of life than those in Control group (PACQLQ, p < 0.001). Conclusion: As a child-friendly, low-risk, and convenient intervention, the OMO-based MT has a positive impact on pediatric asthma management during the COVID-19 pandemic. What is Known: • A few findings proved the positive effect of MT on pediatric asthma. What is New: • Our study further proving the validation and effectiveness of MT with OMO-based model on pediatric asthma, wind instrument playing has a greater impact on pediatric asthma control via small airways and might be recommended to mix to singing and breathing to improve effectiveness of MT for asthmatic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women with substance use disorders (SUDs) are more inclined to use drugs and relapse for regulating emotions compared to men. This study aimed to explore the effects of group music and imagery in alleviating anxiety, depression, emotion regulation difficulties, and craving for women with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) in a compulsory rehabilitation context. A total of 90 women with MUD were randomly assigned to the music therapy treatment arm (n = 45) or control treatment arm (n = 45). Participants in the music therapy treatment arm received 12 biweekly sessions of group music and imagery (GrpMI) and those in the control treatment arm received 6 weeks of usual care. Anxiety, depression, emotion regulation difficulties, and craving were assessed at pre-test and post-test. After the intervention, participants in the GrpMI group reported significantly greater improvements than those in the control group for state anxiety (F = 6.27; p =.02; Partial η2 =.13), trait anxiety (F = 4.49; p =.04; Partial η2 =.09), depression (F = 5.48; p =.02; Partial η2 =.11), and craving (F = 4.53; p =.04; Partial η2 =.09). There was no significant difference between groups in emotion regulation difficulties (F =.95, p =.34, Partial η2 =.09). GrpMI significantly decreased depression, anxiety, and craving for women with MUD. Emotion regulation ability may need a longer period of treatment for significant improvement. Future studies could add long-term follow-up and compare the effects of group music therapy in women versus men with SUDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Music therapy has been employed as an alternative treatment modality for the arousal therapy of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) in clinical settings. However, due to the absence of continuous quantitative measurements and the lack of a non-musical sound control group in most studies, the identification of the specific impact of music on DOC patients remains challenging. In this study, 20 patients diagnosed with minimally consciousness state (MCS) were selected, and a total of 15 patients completed the experiment. Methods: All patients were randomly assigned to three groups: an intervention group (music therapy group, n = 5), a control group (familial auditory stimulation group, n = 5), and a standard care group (no sound stimulation group, n = 5). All three groups received 30 min of therapy five times a week for a total of 4 weeks (20 times per group, 60 times in total). Autonomic nervous system (ANS) measurements, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and functional magnetic resonance—diffusion tensor imaging (fMRI-DTI) were used to measure the peripheral nervous system indicators and brain networks, and to evaluate patients’ behavior levels. Results: The results reveal that PNN50 (p = 0.0004**), TP (p = 0.0003**), VLF (p = 0.0428**), and LF/HF (p = 0.0001**) in the music group were significantly improved compared with the other two groups. Such findings suggest that the ANS of patients with MCS exhibits higher activity levels during music exposure compared to those exposed to family conversation or no auditory stimulation. In fMRI-DTI detection, due to the relative activity of ANS in the music group, the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS) in the brain network also exhibited significant nerve fiber bundle reconstruction, superior temporal gyrus (STG), transverse temporal gyrus (TTG), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), limbic system, corpus callosum, subcorticospinal trace, thalamus and brainstem regions. In the music group, the reconstructed network topology was directed rostrally to the diencephalon’s dorsal nucleus, with the brainstem’s medial region serving as the hub. This network was found to be linked with the caudal corticospinal tract and the ascending lateral branch of the sensory nerve within the medulla. Conclusion: Music therapy, as an emerging treatment for DOC, appears to be integral to the awakening of the peripheral nervous system-central nervous system based on the hypothalamic-brainstem-autonomic nervous system (HBA) axis, and is worthy of clinical promotion. The research was supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Project Foundation of China, No. Z181100001718066, and the National Key R&D Program of China No. 2022YFC3600300, No. 2022YFC3600305. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to explore and analyze the effect of music therapy interventions on college students with excessive anxiety, this paper selected 240 year 2017- to year 2020-enrolled undergraduates from a comprehensive university in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, in Central China as research objects. These college students had been diagnosed as excessive anxiety and were randomly divided into two groups—intervention group and control group—with 120 students in each group. The control group received conventional mental health treatment for college students, while the intervention group received music therapy interventions on this basis with 3 times a week for 24 times. The instruments used in the music therapy include piano, percussion instruments, melodic instruments, and diffuse instruments; the specific implementation of each therapy is divided into five parts: warm-up, rhythm percussion, song singing, instrumental ensemble, and music appreciation. The study results show that before treatment, the excessive anxiety score of college student in the control group was 63-76 with an average score of 72.58 ± 5.27 ; after treatment, that was 45-64 with an average score of 54.46 ± 6.82 ; before treatment, the excessive anxiety score of college student in the intervention group was 62-78 with an average score of 72.56 ± 5.51 ; after treatment, that was 26-44 with an average score of 33.19 ± 5.51. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the excessive anxiety scores between the two groups of college students (P > 0.05); after treatment, the excessive anxiety scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the reduction degrees in the intervention group were bigger than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Therefore, music therapy interventions can significantly reduce the excessive anxiety of college students; the analysis also shows that factors such as gender, grade, major, origin, repertoire type, therapy type, and anxiety type could affect the effect of music therapy interventions to some certain extent. For example, the effect of music therapy interventions on college students in psychology or related majors is better than that of students in other majors; the effect of receptive music therapy is better than that of creative and improvised music therapy; the effect of music therapy interventions on college students' life event, romantic relationship, and social anxiety is better than that on college students' test and job-hunting anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accumulating evidence reveals that music therapy appears to help patients with pain. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Several studies indicate that leptin level has a crucial relationship with acute and chronic pain. Herein, we evaluated the effects of music stimulation and the potential roles of adipokines (leptin) in pain behaviors. Methods: We used a tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) rat model to mimic neuroma pain. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (n = 6):group 1 (GC), TNT with white noise; group 2(GM), TNT with music; and group 3(GH), TNT. White noise and music stimulation was given once a day following surgery until the end of the study (42nd day). Pain behavioral tests were carried out before surgery and on the 3rd, 10th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, and 42nd days after surgery. At the end of the observation period, we analyzed the histological samples of blood, spinal cord, and prefrontal cortex to investigate the role of leptin in pain behaviors modulated by white noise and sound stimulation. Result: Music therapy might improve the pain of TNT rats. Music stimulation ameliorated paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) from the 3rd day after the surgery while the mechanical pain was improved 21 days after the operation.Music stimulation also increased leptin expression in the spinal cord, prefrontal cortex.White noise had no obvious effect. Conclusion: Music therapy might improve the pain of TNT rats. Besides, music stimulation ameliorated TNT-induced pain behaviors and affected leptin expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Progression of freezing of gait (FOG), a common pathological gait in Parkinson's disease (PD), has been shown to be an important risk factor for falls, loss of independent living ability, and reduced quality of life. However, previous evidence indicated poor efficacy of medicine and surgery in treating FOG in patients with PD. Music-based movement therapy (MMT), which entails listening to music while exercising, has been proposed as a treatment to improve patients' motor function, emotions, and physiological activity. In recent years, MMT has been widely used to treat movement disorders in neurological diseases with promising results. Results from our earlier pilot study revealed that MMT could relieve FOG and improve the quality of life for patients with PD. Objective: To explore the effect of MMT on FOG in patients with PD. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, evaluator-blinded, randomized controlled study. A total of 81 participants were randomly divided into music-based movement therapy group (MMT, n = 27), exercise therapy group (ET, n = 27), and control group (n = 27). Participants in the MMT group were treated with MMT five times (1 h at a time) every week for 4 weeks. Subjects in the ET group were intervened in the same way as the MMT group, but without music. Routine rehabilitation treatment was performed on participants in all groups. The primary outcome was the change of FOG in patients with PD. Secondary evaluation indicators included FOG-Questionnaire (FOG-Q) and the comprehensive motor function. Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, the double support time, the cadence, the max flexion of knee in stance, the max hip extension, the flexion moment of knee in stance, the comprehensive motor function (UPDRS Part III gaitrelated items total score, arising from chair, freezing of gait, postural stability, posture, MDS-UPDRS Part II gait-related items total score, getting out of bed/a car/deep chair, walking and balance, freezing), and the FOG-Q in the MMT group were lower than that in the control group and ET group (p < 0.05). The gait velocity, the max ankle dorsiflexion in stance, ankle range of motion (ROM) during push-off, ankle ROM over gait cycle, the knee ROM over gait cycle, and the max extensor moment in stance (ankle, knee) in the MMT group were higher than that in the control group and ET group (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was reported between the control group and ET group (p > 0.05). The stride length and hip ROM over gait cycle in the MMT group were higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the max knee extension in stance in the MMT group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the ET group and MMT group (p > 0.05) or control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: MMT improved gait disorders in PD patients with FOG, thereby improving their comprehensive motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of timbre-speech spectrograms in instrumental music, designs a model analysis of rehabilitation occupational therapy techniques based on the analysis of timbre-speech spectrograms in instrumental music, and tests the models for comparison. Starting from the mechanism of human articulation, this paper models the process of human expression as a time-varying linear system consisting of excitation, vocal tract, and radiation models. The system's overall architecture is designed according to the characteristics of Chinese speech and everyday speech rehabilitation theory (HSL theory). The dual judgment of temporal threshold and short-time average energy realized the phonetic length training. Tone and clear tone training were achieved by linear predictive coding technique (LPC) and autocorrelation function. Using the DTW technique, isolated word speech recognition was achieved by extracting Mel-scale Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) parameters of speech signals. The system designs corresponding training scenes for each training module according to the extracted speech parameters, combines the multimedia speech spectrogram motion situation with the speech parameters, and finally presents the training content as a speech spectrogram, and evaluates the training results through human-machine interaction to stimulate the interest of rehabilitation therapy and realize the speech rehabilitation training of patients. After analyzing the pre- and post-test data, it was found that the p -values of all three groups were <0.05, which was judged to be significantly different. Also, all subjects changed their behavioral data during the treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that the music therapy technique could improve the patients' active gaze communication ability, verbal command ability, and active question-answering ability after summarizing the data, i.e., the hypothesis of this experiment is valid. Therefore, it is believed that the technique of timbre-speech spectrogram analysis in instrumental music can achieve the effect of rehabilitation therapy to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose is to reduce students' psychological pressure and improve their quality of study and life. Here, 400 language-impaired students in the public elective psychology course at Northwestern University and the undergraduate psychology class at Xi'an Foreign Studies University in the 2018-2019 academic year are randomly selected as the research objects for this music psychology experiment. The students were divided into different experimental groups using the Questionnaire Survey (QS) method to analyze the students' psychological reactions to Baroque, classical, and romantic music styles. Then, it further discusses the students' emotional response and audiovisual synaesthesia, as well as their recognition and choice of music style. The results show that there are significant differences in the same emotional response intensity of the subjects to different styles of music creation. The music expression is consistent with the actual feelings of the subjects. The tonality and color density of audiovisual synaesthesia vary with the style of music creation. Different music creation styles generate different associations in students' minds, thus showing different psychological reactions. The QS results indicate that soft and soothing music can relieve students' learning pressure most, while music with a strong sense of rhythm and vitality has no significant effect. Therefore, different music creation styles affect students' learning pressure differently. This work discusses the influence of different music creation styles on the mental health of contemporary college students and provides a reference for music therapy to relieve students' learning pressure in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: We analyzed the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) as a school-based intervention by synthesizing and comparing results from studies conducted in the United States and China. Method : To achieve a rigorous analysis, our search followed the Cochrane guidelines. Fifty studies—containing 246 effect size estimates and 2,921 participants—were included in the review. Data on study and intervention characteristics were extracted using a predefined coding sheet. Analysis involved calculation of Hedges' g effect sizes; we also used robust variance estimation in meta-regression to estimate an overall treatment effect and conduct moderator analyses. Results : Combining both U.S. and Chinese studies, the overall treatment effect size estimate of SFBT for student outcomes was d = 0.176, p <.001. The treatment effect of SFBT for student outcomes was significantly greater compared to waitlist controls (d = 1.690, p <.01) but was not significantly different than treatment as usual (d = 0.140, p <.05) or alternative interventions (d = 0.103, p =.504). Conclusions : These findings add to the body of literature on SFBT's effectiveness for student outcomes. Given empirical evidence from both U.S. and Chinese studies, SFBT demonstrates promise as a mental health intervention for school-based therapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective mourning is an expression of societal maturity, cohesion, and respect. The world is in grief, but in early January 2020, before nobody could even imagine that SARS-CoV-2 would turn into the COVID-19 pandemic, a music video version of a pop ballad about love and isolation was spread across a Chinese social network. The song 'You Are Not Alone' was adapted as a cover by young foreigners living in China to express their support to bereaved families and frontline workers and encourage the people of China, their second home. At that time, the rest of the world looked to distant China but could hardly expect to face the same adversity months later. The authors reported that the music video was a spontaneous artistic expression copying such traumatic events and the mourning process. The present work analyses how the music was blended with lyrics and images describing the outbreak in Wuhan to reach their goal. The original song and this shortened version for China were compared regarding musical and lyric structures and main characteristics. Additionally, an analysis of the two videos was done regarding cinemetric variables and non-verbal communication that emphasized the power of songs to express deep sorrow and sympathy but also to give hope. Psychological first aid, the five stages of the mourning process by Kübler-Ross, the dual-process model by Stroebe and Schut, and Taylor's tend-to-befriend provided a better understanding of the translation from interpersonal to societal mourning. Finally, other memorable songs that society spontaneously chose to be performed alone or together to cope with sudden and dramatic situations, mitigate physical distancing, and alleviate human suffering are discussed. Music, lyrics, and artistic performance are playing a key role in building social and emotional ties during this pandemic, hampering individual and social pain and sorrow despite cultural barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the increasing longevity of the world's population, with an unprecedented rise in the number of people who need palliative care (PC), there has been sparse research regarding palliative care for older people, especially when it comes to comparison of PC between healthcare systems and cultures. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to identify the characteristics of the body of literature and to examine the knowledge gaps concerning PC research for older people (> 60 years) in two healthcare systems and cultures, mainland China and Sweden. Methods: The guidelines PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews), and PICOS (Patient/population, Intervention, Comparison/control, and Outcome) were used. Empirical studies on patients 60 years or older, next of kin or staff participating in a palliative care intervention or setting were included. They were conducted in mainland China or in Sweden during 2007–2019, were published in English and were extracted from seven databases: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete and Cochrane Library. Two independent researchers conducted the selection of studies, data extraction and methodological evaluation. Any disagreements were resolved in consultation with a third researcher. The analysis was manifest directed content analysis based on PICOS domains. Results: Of the 15 studies, four were from mainland China and 11 from Sweden. Both countries included older patients with cancer but also other end-stage diseases such as heart failure and dementia. The studies differed in design, method and the content of the interventions. The study in China based on traditional Chinese medicine concerns traditional Chinese folk music. The six qualitative studies from Sweden were evaluations of five interventions. Conclusions: Despite the high age of the participating patients, there was no focus on an ageing perspective concerning palliative care. To adapt to the changes taking place in most societies, future research should have increased focus on older persons' need for palliative care and should take account of issues concerning research ethics, ethnicity and culture. Registered in Prospero: CRD42020078685, available from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous research has suggested that lowering athletes' heart rates can enhance sports performance, it is unknown whether slow-paced music might induce a lower heart rate and thereby improve some types of motor performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of different types of music during dart-throw training on both heart rate and dart-throwing performance in 45 (M age = 19.7, SD = 0.31 years) novice dart throwers who were randomly assigned to either a Slow Music Group (SMG), a Fast Music Group (FMG), or a Control Group (CG). All participants completed three dart-throwing blocks - Pre-Test, Practice, and Post-Test. During the Practice block, participants practiced dart-throwing with either slow-paced, fast-paced or no music according to their assigned group. We recorded the participants' heart rates and total dart-throwing accuracy scores during Pre-Test and Post-Test. Music-assisted dart-throw training with slow-paced music was effective in significantly inhibiting a performance-related increase in heart rate and was associated with the greatest dart throwing improvement after training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological problems are common among the people of every community. These psychological issues are leading people to mental health issues. Human well-being is required to be improved appropriately for the better health of the public. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of music therapy on the sustainable psychological well-being of the Chinese community. Furthermore, this research determines that moderating role of health awareness and strategic health management between music therapy and sustainable psychological well-being., Method: The research used a sample of 384 collected with a random sampling method. For data collection, a cross-sectional method was adopted to collect data on a Likert scale questionnaire. The Health Awareness Scale, Music Therapy Scale, Sustainable Health Management Scale and Sustainable Psychological Wellbeing Scale was used in this research., Results: The findings of the research highlighted that there is a significant and positive influence of music therapy on the sustainable psychological well-being of the Chinese community. This research also concluded that there is a significant and positive moderating role of health awareness and strategic health management between music therapy and sustainable psychological well-being. The findings of this research are new and novel in the literature on psychological well-being., Conclusion: This research has some theoretical and practical implications to advance the literature and practice for sustainable psychological well-being respectively. In clinical practice, music therapy can be effectively used to improve the psychological well-being of individuals with sustainability. The information related to health awareness and practice for strategic health management is also necessary for the clinical patients to improve their psychological well-being., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Many patients remain anxious during intravitreal injections, despite its increasing use. As music can alleviate anxiety for other procedures, we wanted to evaluate its effect during intravitreal injection. Methods. Patients undergoing routine intravitreal injection were recruited for a randomized controlled trial. Subjects complete a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) questionnaire before and after undergoing injection with or without background music. They were also assessed for subjective satisfaction, anxiety, pain, and future preferences after the injection. Results. There were 39 and 37 Chinese subjects in the music (age 68.08 ± 13.67) and control (age 73.24 ± 11.17) groups, respectively. The music group reported lower anxiety and pain, and a greater reduction in STAI-S score, but the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.830 , 0.655, 0.199, respectively). More subjects in the music group (92.3%, control group 64.9%) preferred music for future injections (P = 0.003). Age, but not the number of previous injections, was negatively correlated with reported anxiety (r = −0.27, P = 0.021). Conclusion. Most subjects preferred music during future injections. Although music reduced anxiety, the effect was not statistically significant and may be masked by the higher age of our control group, as increasing age was correlated with lower anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety and depression in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods: A retrospective study of 99 patients after coronary artery bypass from January 2017 to January 2019 was conducted in a cardiac center in China. According to the different interventions, all the participants were divided into 3 groups: group A: music therapy; group B: rest without music therapy; and group C: conventional treatment. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure the patient's pain, anxiety and depression before and after 30 min of the intervention.Results: There were no significant differences in the NRS, SDS and SAS scores between the three groups of patients before the intervention. After 30 min of music therapy, the NRS, SDS and SAS scores of patients in group A were significantly lower than those before music therapy, and the differences were statistically significant. However, before and after the intervention in groups B and C, the NRS, SDS and SAS scores were not statistically significant. By comparison among the three groups after 30 min of intervention, the NRS, SDS and SAS scores in patients in group A were significantly lower than those in groups B and C, and the differences were statistically significant. The scores were not significantly different between groups B and C.Conclusion: Music therapy can effectively alleviate the pain, anxiety and depression of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a group music intervention in managing behavioral and psychological symptoms in Chinese elderly with dementia. This cluster randomized trial recruited 73 elderly participants with moderate dementia from 10 elderly residential homes and assigned them to the intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 33) group. The intervention included 16 half-hour sessions of music intervention with multi-sensory components over eight weeks and control group received standard care. Participants' levels of subjective moods and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation, aberrant motor behaviors, dysphoria, and irritability were assessed at baseline, the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and the end of the intervention. Controlling for baseline outcomes, latent growth modeling revealed significant intervention effects for agitation (B = −1.03, SE = 0.30, p < 0.01), aberrant motor behavior (B = −1.80, SE = 0.66, p < 0.01), and dysphoria (B = −0.79, SE = 0.36, p < 0.05), with the intervention group showing improvements compared to no substantial changes in the control group. There were no significant intervention effects on irritability or subjective mood (p > 0.05). The music intervention showed significant reduction in the behavioral and psychological symptoms in Chinese elderly patients with dementia. Elderly homes could adopt this practical non-pharmacological intervention as a strategy to improve the well-being of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the effects of group singing therapy on depression symptoms and quality of life of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: Patients with COPD were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). The intervention group received group singing therapy once a week for 24 sessions along with routine health education, whereas the control group only received the routine health education. All patients were administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression subscale (HADS-D) and the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ). Data were collected at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months.Results: Fifty-six participants completed this trial. Significant between-group differences were observed with respect to the main effect of group and time as well as the effect of group × time interaction on HADS-D score. The HADS-D score was significantly improved 1, 3, 6 months after group singing therapy. The CCQ total scores were significantly different between the two groups with respect to the main effect of group and time and the group × time interaction effect. Significantly better CCQ was detected in the intervention group at 3 months and 6 months after intervention.Conclusions: Group singing therapy reduces depressive symptoms and improves the quality of life of patients with stable COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report illustrates the change process of one inmate participant in a music therapy group. The case was selected from a research project of group music therapy for offenders. The participant, Hui, a male inmate, participated in 20 biweekly sessions of group music therapy for male adult inmates in a Chinese prison. Three methods, music improvisation, music and imagery, and song writing, were used in the therapy. Music therapy led Hui (pseudonym) to change from a defensive isolated man into a person who was able to experience and share his emotions with other group members through music. In this case report, we detail the transformative process of Hui and elaborate the music therapist's reflection from theoretical and cultural perspectives. Later, the theoretical issues related to treatment in offender rehabilitation context are discussed in-depth. By making the intervention process transparent, we hope this case report can help readers to understand how the effects of music therapy on decreasing anxiety and depression and improving self-esteem that have been found in research may have taken place in the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of music therapy in mainland China has unique features, with its own cultural and historical characteristics. From the ancient usage of music to cure diseases to the modern standardized practices of music therapy, the history of exploring the therapeutic use of music in China goes back thousands of years. The purpose of this article is twofold: to review the development of music therapy in mainland China from a historical perspective, and to introduce recent accomplishments and future developmental trends. Evidence of the therapeutic use of music in China dating back to the earliest music theory book and a traditional Chinese medicine book indicates the relationship of music and medicine in the roots of Chinese culture. The invention of music electrotherapy, the collaboration between doctors and musicians, as well as experimental music therapy projects are just a few examples of early exploration of music therapy in China. Tian Gao is considered the pioneer in this field of study, with contributions in education, advocacy, and the application of music therapy in modern mainland China. Today, music therapy in mainland China is facing both challenges and opportunities. International conferences and trainings as well as exchange programs and opportunities to study abroad are opening doors of communication and collaboration. The political and financial support of the government as well as the introduction and popularization of different music therapy approaches will propel the music therapy profession in mainland China into a new developmental era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness of pharmacological treatment may be limited in older persons. Several studies using Tai Chi or music therapy separately confirmed positive effects in the reduction of depressive symptoms. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of combined music and Tai Chi on depressive symptoms. Methods: One hundred and seven older adults with mild to moderate depressive symptoms were recruited from Ya'an city. Fifty-five participants were cluster randomized to combined music and Tai Chi group for three months, while the other fifty-two individuals were randomized to the control group that entailed routine health education delivered monthly by community nurses. The primary outcome of depressive symptoms was measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) at baseline and monthly for three months. Results: At three-month follow-up, a statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms was found in the intervention group compared with control group (F(3,315) = 69.661, P < 0.001). Following adjustments for socio-demographic data, the true effect of intervention on depressive symptoms was significant (F = 41.725, P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.574). Conclusions: Combined music and Tai Chi reduced depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older persons. This represents an economically viable solution to the management of depression in highly populous developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the arousal of people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability and the effect of music intervention on hyperarousal. Methods A total of 33 healthy subjects from China Rehabilitation Research Center were enrolled in this study. Based on the median value (17 score) of Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test-Chinese Version (FIRST-C), they were divided into 2 groups: 16 cases of high stress-related sleep vulnerability and 17 cases of low stress - related sleep vulnerability. Multi-parameter physiological indexes monitoring system of Thought Technology Ltd. was used to gather physiological indicators [blood volume pulse (BVP), skin temperature, skin conduction, respiration rate, respiration amplitude and heart rate], and brain wave [δ wave, θ wave, low α wave and high α wave, α wave, sensory-motor rhythm (SMR), low β wave and high β wave]. Results Compared with low vulnerability subjects, high vulnerability subjects had significantly higher skin conduction (P = 0.003, 0.001), amplitude of SMR (P = 0.015, 0.031) and low β wave (P = 0.000, 0.001) before and after treatment, while had significantly increased high β wave after treatment (P = 0.004). After treatment, all subjects had significantly reduced BVP (P = 0.000), increased skin temperature (P = 0.000), increased respiration rate (P = 0.008) and reduced heart rate (P = 0.000). Compared with before treatment, high vulnerability subjects had significantly reduced skin conduction (P = 0.001), respiratory amplitude (P = 0.032), high α wave (P = 0.017) and low β wave (P = 0.013) after treatment. Compared with before treatment, low vulnerability subjects had significantly reduced skin conduction (P = 0.039), low α wave (P = 0.035), high α wave (P = 0.031), α wave (P = 0.044) and low β wave (P = 0.015) after treatment. Conclusions Both physiological and cortical hyperarousal are presented in people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability in resting state. Music intervention can improve the hyperarousal of high vulnerability people, especially their physiological indicators. It can be used as a health management technique to prevent people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability from developing into chronic insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The treatment of burn patients is very challenging because burn injuries are one of the most severe traumas that can be experienced. The effect of music therapy on burn patients has been widely reported, but the results have been inconsistent. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in burn patients to determine the effect of music during treatments. Methods: We searched a variety of electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Psychinfo, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant trials on the basis of predetermined eligibility criteria. from their first available date through February 2016. Our search focused on two key concepts: music interventions (including music, music therapy and music medicine) and physical activity outcomes (including pain, anxiety, burn characteristics, dressing changes, wound care, debridement and rehabilitation). Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data from all eligible studies. Statistical heterogeneity was determined using Q-test and the I² statistic. The endpoints included standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was tested by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, for a total of 804 patients. A statistically significant difference in pain relief was demonstrated between music and non-music interventions (SMD = -1.26, 95% CI [-1.83, -0.68]), indicating that music intervention has a positive effect on pain alleviation for burn patients. The results indicated that music interventions markedly reduced anxiety in individuals compared to non-music interventions (SMD = -1.22, 95% CI [-1.75, -0.69]). Correspondingly, heart rate decreases were found after treatments that included music interventions (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI [-0.84, -0.36]). Conclusion: In summary, a positive correlation was found between treatments including music interventions and pain alleviation, anxiety relief, and heart rate reduction in burn patients. However, additional high-quality studies with carefully considered music interventions for burn patients are still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although music therapy (MT) has been found to reduce anxiety in patients with cancer and delay tumour progression to some extent, its mechanism of action has not been determined. MT may reduce anxiety by reducing the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of MT on anxiety and cytokine levels in patients with cancer., Methods and Analysis: This randomised, open, single-centre parallel-controlled trial will randomise 60 patients with malignant tumours who meet the inclusion criteria in a 1:1 ratio to either an MT group or a non-MT (NMT) group. Patients in the MT group will receive emotional nursing care and individualised receptive MT for 1 week, whereas patients in the NMT group will receive emotional nursing care alone. Primary outcomes will include scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Distress Thermometer and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Secondary outcomes will include scores on the Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, serum concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, serum concentrations of the neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone and γ-aminobutyric acid, and determination of gut microbiota populations., Ethics and Dissemination: On 5 August 2020, the study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed publications and presented at appropriate conferences., Trial Registration Number: CTR2000035244., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objectives To evaluate the effects of listening to brainwave music ( BWM), which is composed by individual electroencephalogram ( EEG) signals, in relieving orthodontic pain, compared to cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT), an established psychotherapy in pain management. Methods Thirty-six participants matched for age, gender and anxiety/pain levels were randomly assigned to the BWM group ( n = 12), the CBT group ( n = 12) or the control group ( n = 12). Baseline resting EEG data were fabricated into BWM for the BWM group. EEG signals and pain perception [assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS)] of participants were recorded for the first week after orthodontic appliances placement. EEG data were analysed by multiple approaches. Results Brainwave music and CBT groups presented significantly lower pain perception than the control group on days 1-4. According to EEG analysis outcomes, the BWM group showed improved functional connectivity among different brain regions, lower EEG complexity and enhanced power in theta and alpha bands, compared to CBT and control groups, especially on day 2. Differences were clustered in the prefrontal, frontal, parietal and occipital regions, whilst the EEG parameters had negligible linear association with VAS scores. Conclusions Brainwave music is effective in controlling orthodontic pain, possibly via restoring functional connectivity and brain regularity influenced by pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of group music therapy on improving anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in Chinese prisoners. Two-hundred male prisoners were randomly assigned to music therapy (n = 100) or standard care (n = 100). The music therapy had 20 sessions of group therapy compared with standard care. Anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), and self-esteem (Texas Social Behavior Inventory [TSBI], Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory [RSI]) were measured by standardized scales at baseline, mid-program, and post-program. Data were analyzed based on the intention to treat principle. Compared with standard care, anxiety and depression in the music therapy condition decreased significantly at mid-test and post-test; self-esteem improved significantly at mid-test (TSBI) and at post-test (TSBI, RSI). Improvements were greater in younger participants (STAI-Trait, RSI) and/or in those with a lower level of education (STAI-State, STAI-Trait). Group music therapy seems to be effective in improving anxiety, depression, and self-esteem and was shown to be most beneficial for prisoners of younger age or with lower education level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the effects of music intervention on sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people. Design: Two-armed randomized controlled trial. Settings: Four urban communities in Xi'an, China. Participants: People aged 60 years or older with poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] score >7). Interventions: All participants received one sleep hygiene education session and biweekly telephone calls. Each participant in the intervention group received an MP3 player with a music database. The participants selected the preferred music and listened for 30-45 minutes per night for 3 months. Outcome measures: Sleep quality, the main study outcome, was measured by PSQI at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. Results: Sixty-four elderly people with a mean age of 69.38 ± 5.46 years were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 32) or the intervention group (n = 32). All participants completed the study, and none reported discomfort related to the music intervention. The intervention group demonstrated continuous improvements in sleep quality, with a global PSQI score of 13.53 at baseline, 9.28 at 1 month, 8.28 at 2 months, and 7.28 at 3 months. Although the global PSQI score in the control group also decreased from 12.26 at baseline to 8.72 at 3 months, the intervention group achieved greater improvements at each measurement (all p < 0.05). Repeatedmeasures analysis of variance revealed significant group-by-time interaction effects in global PSQI score and three component scores: sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Music is a safe and effective nonpharmacological intervention for improving the sleep quality of community-dwelling elderly people, especially in improving sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Postoperative pain is caused by surgical injury and trauma; is stressful to patients; and includes a series of physiologic, psychological, and behavioral reactions. Effective postoperative analgesia helps improve postoperative pain, perioperative safety, and hospital discharge rates. This study aimed to observe the influence of postoperative intravenous sufentanil patient-controlled analgesia combined with music therapy versus sufentanil alone on hemodynamics and analgesia in patients with lung cancer. Methods: This was a randomized parallel study performed in 60 patients in American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II undergoing lung cancer resection at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University. Patients were randomly assigned to a music therapy (MT) group and a control (C) group. The MT group underwent preoperative and postoperative music intervention while the C group did not. Both groups received intravenous patient-controlled sufentanil analgesia. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 24 hours after surgery. The secondary outcomes included hemodynamic changes (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate), changes on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), total consumption of sufentanil, number of uses, sedation, and adverse effects. The postoperative sufentanil dose and analgesia frequency were recorded. Results: Compared with the C group, the MT group had significantly lower VAS score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and SAS score within 24 hours after surgery ( p < 0.01). In addition, postoperative analgesia frequency and sufentanil dose were reduced in the MT group ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: Combined music therapy and sufentanil improves intravenous patient-controlled analgesia effects compared with sufentanil alone after lung cancer surgery. Lower doses of sufentanil could be administered to more effectively improve patients' cardiovascular parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives. To explore the effects of comprehensive mental intervention on the recovery time and symptoms of depression in patients with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome. Background. Postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome may occur after abdominal surgery. The development of postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome is believed to be influenced by neuropsychiatric factors, manifest as psychological dysfunction and distress. Design. Randomised controlled trial. Methods. A total of 120 patients with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome were randomly divided into a mental intervention group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60) by odd or even numbers. The mental intervention group received comprehensive mental intervention including support, counselling, music and massage plus all aspects of conventional therapy. The control group received only conventional therapy, including a three-cavity gastric tube, fasting, parenteral/ enteral nutrition, routine care and health guidance. Pre intervention and postintervention depression levels were assessed in both groups by the Center for Epi-demiological Survey Depression Scale. Gastric function recovery was assessed in all patients. Results. Postintervention depression scores were significantly reduced in the mental intervention group, and pre-/postdifferences were significantly greater compared to control group scores. The mental intervention group had significantly shorter times for symptom disappearance (nausea, vomiting, abdominal disten-tion), extubation duration, eating recovery, gastric drainage volume >600 ml/day, gastroparesis recovery, as well as shorter hospital stays and lower hospital expenses. Conclusions. Comprehensive mental intervention improved negative emotions and depression and shortened recovery time of patients with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome. Relevance to clinical practice. Mental intervention is important to postsurgical recovery, and primary nurses are encouraged to understand how to care for postsurgical patients physically and psychologically, with at least one nurse in the postsurgical setting trained to provide mental intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Behavior modification, as the core of clinical behavioral medicine, is often used in clinical settings. Purpose: We seek to summarize behavior modification techniques that are commonly used in clinical practice of behavioral medicine in China and discuss possible biobehavioral mechanisms. Methods: We reviewed common behavior modification techniques in clinical settings in China, and we reviewed studies that explored possible biobehavioral mechanisms. Results: Commonly used clinical approaches of behavior modification in China include behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, health education, behavior management, behavioral relaxation training, stress management intervention, desensitization therapy, biofeedback therapy, and music therapy. These techniques have been applied in the clinical treatment of a variety of diseases, such as chronic diseases, psychosomatic diseases, and psychological disorders. The biobehavioral mechanisms of these techniques involve the autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine system, neurobiochemistry, and neuroplasticity. Conclusion: Behavior modification techniques are commonly used in the treatment of a variety of somatic and psychological disorders in China. Multiple biobehavioral mechanisms are involved in successful behavior modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the earthquake in Sichuan, China, in May 2008, which killed approximately 70,000 people, a music therapy educator led three teams, totalling 41 music therapy students, who provided music performances and activities to survivors and relief workers for three 30-day periods from June–August 2008. This constructivist research examines the educator's and five music therapy student volunteers’ perceptions of their music project's relevance during a stabilization-through-music phase in June–July 2008. The educator's narrative stance provides some context for the students’ presence in the earthquake aftermath and his views about the music program’s outcomes. The volunteers’ interview transcripts were inductively, comparatively, and recursively analyzed. Emergent themes encompassed descriptions of the volunteers’ arrivals; aims for improving survivors’ wellbeing; music activities, and their beneficial outcomes; personal enrichment and challenges; and helpful coping strategies and recommendations. In the early months following an earthquake disaster, survivors of all ages may benefit from experiencing music performances or small music activity groups provided by music therapy students. Benefits may include nurturance, relaxation, reflection, emoting, learning, diversion, socialization, family resilience, and community building. It is suggested that musical options provided by musicians and music therapists following a disaster can support survivors and relief workers, and remind them about the potential aesthetic of existence and hope for improved lives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

li x.-m., zhou k.-n., yan h., wang d.-l. & zhang y.-p. (2011) Effects of music therapy on anxiety of patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1145-1155. Abstract Aim. This paper is a report of a clinical trial of the effects of music therapy on anxiety of female breast cancer patients following radical mastectomy. Background. There is insufficient evidence on the effects of music therapy on state anxiety of breast cancer patients following radical mastectomy. Methods. A Hall's Core, Care, and Cure Model-based clinical trial was conducted in 120 female breast cancer patients from March to November 2009. A randomized controlled design was utilized. The patients were randomly allocated to the experimental group ( n = 60) received music therapy in addition to routine nursing care, and the control group ( n = 60) only received routine nursing care. A standardized questionnaire and the State Anxiety Inventory were applied. The primary endpoint was the state anxiety score measured at pretest (on the day before radical mastectomy) and at three post-tests (on the day before patients were discharged from hospital, the second and third time of admission to hospital for chemotherapy respectively). Results. The pretest score revealed that the majority of the patients had a moderate level (77·5%) and 15% had severe level of state anxiety. The repeated-measure ancova model analysis indicated that the mean state anxiety score was significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group at each of the three post-test measurements. The mean difference between the experimental and control group together with 95% confidence intervals were −4·57 (−6·33, −2·82), −8·91 (−10·75, −7·08) and −9·69 (−11·52, −7·85) at the 1st post-test, 2nd post-test and 3rd post-test respectively. Conclusion. Music therapy is found to have positive effects on decreasing state anxiety score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a music therapist participating for the Sichuan 512 (May 12) earthquake crisis intervention program in China, the author worked during June 2009 at a transitional resettlement site at the earthquake zone in Sichuan, China; living at the site with the survivors and working for almost a month. The models and processes which were applied are considered pilot research descriptions and findings, and include (1) ‘‘Community Orientation’’: mobilizing social resource for music-oriented locals, (2) ‘‘Hybrid Sub-community Orientation’’: the recovery of confidence for those showing withdrawal behavior, and (3) ‘‘Purely Small Groups’’: involving the therapist organizing survivors into 5 groups: children, teenagers, adults, seniors, and working staff. The report has been provisioned into 2 parts. Part 2 covers the therapy process and treatment results. Relevant background information on earthquakes, the literature review, therapy models, and the rationale are included in Part 1, also published in this issue of the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As a music therapist participating for the Sichuan 512 (May 12) earthquake crisis intervention program in China, the author worked during June 2009 at a transitional resettlement site at the earthquake zone in Sichuan, China; living at the site with the survivors and working for almost a month. The models and processes which were applied are considered pilot research descriptions and findings, which include: (1) ‘‘Community Orientation’’: mobilizing social resources for music-oriented locals, (2) ‘‘Hybrid Sub-community’’ orientation: the recovery of confidence for those showing withdrawal behavior, and (3) ‘‘Purely Small Groups’’: involving the therapist organizing survivors into 5 groups: children, teenagers, adults, seniors, and working staff. The report has been provisioned into 2 parts. In Part 1, background information on the disaster, the literature review, therapy models, and the rationale behind the therapy models and processes are covered. The therapy process and the treatment are included in Part 2. Both parts are published in the same issue of the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]