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Surface water is extensively used for irrigation and industrial purposes in the Wei River Plain. However, the surface water shows different characteristics in the southern and northern zones of the Wei River Plain. This study aims to investigate the differences in surface water quality between the southern and northern zones of the Wei River Plain and their influencing factors. To ascertain the hydrochemistry and its governing factors, graphical methods, ion plots, and multivariate statistical analyses were employed. The quality of the irrigation water was assessed using various irrigation water quality indices. In addition, water foaming, corrosion, scaling, and incrustation risks were determined to evaluate water quality for industrial uses. The spatial distribution of water quality was done using GIS models. This research revealed that the concentrations of EC, TH, TDS, HCO 3 - , Na + , Mg 2+ , SO 4 2- and Cl - on the north side of the plain were twice as high as those on the south side. On both sides of the Wei River Plain, water‒rock interactions, ion exchange, and considerable evaporation were observed. Gypsum, halite, calcite, and dolomite all dissolve to produce significant anions and cations in the water, according to ion correlation analysis. However, additional sources of contaminants led to higher concentrations in the surface water on the north side than on the south side. Surface water in the south of the Wei River Plain has superior quality to that in the north, according to the overall findings of irrigation water and industrial water quality assessments. The findings of this study will boost better water resource management policies for the plain., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

The purpose of this study is to identify at what extent multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) diseases effect on environmental health issues in selected provinces of Chinese hospitals. In survival analysis approach, this study employs the Cox proportional hazard model (CPM) to incorporate the duration of event, probability of occurrence of an event, and the issue of right censoring. An advantage of using CPM is that one does not need to specify the distribution of baseline hazard H 0 (t) as it considers a common value for all units in population. The results indicate that male and travel expenditures have negative association with the duration of cure. Furthermore, the medical expenditures and the spatial characteristic of time expenditure have positive association with the duration of cure of MDR-TB patients. The inconsistent behavior of males in taking medicines as compared to females and males is also more prone to tuberculosis (TB)., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Context: A completely unique coronavirus (2019-nCoV), formally referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), appeared in China. SARS-CoV-2 is an etiological mediator of coronavirus 2 (COVID-19), characterized by pneumonic contagion in human beings. In spite of forceful suppression, this virus has spread worldwide. No specific drugs have been approved by the FDA for treating COVID-19 patients., Objective: The study intended to examine the data from studies on clinical management of COVID-19., Design: The research team performed a literature review, searching relevant literature databases. The sources of data included bioRxiv, medRxiv, Google Scholar, Embase, PsychINFO, WanFang Data, and PubMed. The search terms were treatment of the novel coronavirus, management of nCoV-19, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine., Setting: The study took place in the main library of the University of Sargodha in Sargodha, Pakistan., Results: The study identified 42 unique studies that had reported and confirmed over 1500 cases of nCoV-19 by April 21, 2020. The studies found that clinical management, for patients who presented with symptoms, included supportive care and control measures that comprised mechanical ventilator support and supplementary oxygen., Conclusions: There have been intensive attempts to explore drug therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during this COVID-19 pandemic. Several drugs have been identified which including remdesivir, two antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) and immunosuppressive agents. The effects of most drug interventions are currently highly uncertain and several drugs and vaccines are under trail for the effective treatment of COVID-19 virus, until an effective treatment will discover social distancing and physical hygiene should be practiced strictly.

CO 2 emissions tend to increase more rapidly in underdeveloped economies as compared to developed countries mainly in China, India, and Asia. One of the aspects that accounts for the increasing CO 2 emissions is urbanization (UR) and it is increasing all over the world particularly in Asian and African regions. The present study examines the impact of energy use and UR on carbon emissions over the period 1995 to 2018 while using the extended STIRPAT model for Asian countries. Panel co-integration techniques and Granger causality test are applied on selected variables. FMOLS and DOLS methods are also applied to check for robustness. Findings confirm the presence of long-run co-integration among variables. The outcomes propose that energy consumption and UR have positive impact on CO 2 emissions and output. Outcomes also reveal that financial development (FD) has negative effect on emissions of CO 2 but positive effect on economic growth. Results of Granger causality technique indicate that long-run causality association exists among emissions of CO 2 , economic growth, and UR. In the short run (SR), bidirectional causal relationship has been found between trade openness and FD.