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As perceived career plateau is a prevalent but undesirable state which is harmful to employees and organizations, human resource management (HRM) research has devoted efforts to exploring ways of managing it. However, to date, research has largely been limited to variables that reduce perceived career plateau. There is a need to understand what factors increase these perceptions and how/when they do so, to advance theoretical and practical perspectives. This study contributes to the career plateau literature by investigating how and under what conditions work‐role overload can increase employees' perceived career plateau (hierarchical and job content plateaus). Based on a three‐wave survey of employees from the service sector of China, we found that work‐role overload interacted with employees' trait emotional stability and affected their work–life conflict, which had downstream implications on the two types of perceived career plateaus. Specifically, work‐role overload related positively to work–life conflict only when employees had a high (versus low) level of emotional stability. Also, work–life conflict mediated the effects of work‐role overload on perceived hierarchical and job content plateaus for employees with high, but not for those with low, emotional stability. These findings provide new insights into how, by taking into account stressful work contexts and individual differences, HRM professionals may intervene to prevent employees from perceiving career plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical and breast cancers are among the top 4 leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women. This study aimed to examine age-specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers in urban and rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021. Methods: Age-specific mortality data for cervical and breast cancers among Chinese women aged 20–84 years were obtained from China's National Disease Surveillance Points system spanning the years 2009 to 2021. Negative binomial regression models were utilized to assess urban–rural differences in mortality rate ratios, while Joinpoint models with estimated average annual percent changes (AAPC) and slopes were employed to compare temporal trends and the acceleration of mortality rates within different age groups. Results: From 2009 to 2021, there was a relative increase in age-specific mortality associated with the two cancers observed in rural areas compared with urban areas. A rising trend in the screening age of 35–64 [AAPC: 4.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5–7.6%, P = 0.026] for cervical cancer was noted in rural areas, while a stable trend (AAPC: − 0.7%, 95% CI − 5.8 to 4.6%, P = 0.78) was observed in urban areas. As for breast cancer, a stable trend (AAPC: 0.3%, 95% CI − 0.3 to 0.9%, P = 0.28) was observed in rural areas compared to a decreasing trend (AAPC: − 2.7%, 95% CI − 4.6 to − 0.7%, P = 0.007) in urban areas. Urban–rural differences in mortality rates increased over time for cervical cancer but decreased for breast cancer. Mortality trends for both cervical and breast cancers showed an increase with age across 4 segments, with the most significant surge in mortality observed among the 35–54 age group across urban and rural areas, periods, and regions in China. Conclusions: Special attention should be given to women aged 35–54 years due to mortality trends and rural–urban disparities. Focusing on vulnerable age groups and addressing rural–urban differences in the delivery of cancer control programs can enhance resource efficiency and promote health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River Plain (YRP), being regarded as the cradle of Chinese civilization, is traditionally thought to be the locale of the Great Flood, a hazardous flood (or floods) tamed by Yu who started China's first "dynasty", Xia, in ~ 2000 BC. However, by integrating published archaeological data, we propose that the Great Flood in fact impacted the Jianghan Plain (JHP) along the middle course of the Yangtze River. The arguments include: (1) around the era of the Great Flood, the most civilized and populated society in East Asia, named the Jianghan society, was located around the JHP (at that time, the habitation on the YRP remained limited); (2) the Jianghan society lived on river resources (shipping and rice growing) and was thus subject to flood risks (but not for the people inhabiting the YRP); (3) the people in the Jianghan society were experienced in dredging moats/ditches for shipping and irrigation; (4) unlike the floods on the YRP that were characterized by dynamic sedimentation and channel avulsion, those on the JHP typically occurred with slow-moving water manageable to ancient people; (5) the JHP has been associated with lake/wetland systems serving as detention basins during floods. Here, the recorded method for controlling the Great Flood, dredging channels to divert flood water to a "sea", was feasible. Known speleothem paleo-rainfall data from multiple sites show that the climate of the JHP had been wet since the middle Holocene (earlier than the era of the Great Flood) and significantly turned dry after ~ 1850 BC (~ 150 years later than the Great Flood). Thus, the uniqueness of the Great Flood was likely to reflect an increase in land use on the JHP with the expansion of the Jianghan society, and the success in taming this flood was mainly due to the efforts of the society, not by luck. Key points: Floods on the Jianghan Plain were predictable and manageable in ancient times. The most populated society in East Asia was located around the Jianghan Plain. The people in the Jianghan society were experienced in dredging moats/ditches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River Plain (YRP), being regarded as the cradle of Chinese civilization, is traditionally thought to be the locale of the Great Flood, a hazardous flood (or floods) tamed by Yu who started China's first "dynasty", Xia, in ~ 2000 BC. However, by integrating published archaeological data, we propose that the Great Flood in fact impacted the Jianghan Plain (JHP) along the middle course of the Yangtze River. The arguments include: (1) around the era of the Great Flood, the most civilized and populated society in East Asia, named the Jianghan society, was located around the JHP (at that time, the habitation on the YRP remained limited); (2) the Jianghan society lived on river resources (shipping and rice growing) and was thus subject to flood risks (but not for the people inhabiting the YRP); (3) the people in the Jianghan society were experienced in dredging moats/ditches for shipping and irrigation; (4) unlike the floods on the YRP that were characterized by dynamic sedimentation and channel avulsion, those on the JHP typically occurred with slow-moving water manageable to ancient people; (5) the JHP has been associated with lake/wetland systems serving as detention basins during floods. Here, the recorded method for controlling the Great Flood, dredging channels to divert flood water to a "sea", was feasible. Known speleothem paleorainfall data from multiple sites show that the climate of the JHP had been wet since the middle Holocene (earlier than the era of the Great Flood) and significantly turned dry after ~ 1850 BC (~ 150 years later than the Great Flood). Thus, the uniqueness of the Great Flood was likely to reflect an increase in land use on the JHP with the expansion of the Jianghan society, and the success in taming this flood was mainly due to the efforts of the society, not by luck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zokors in the genus Eospalax, which are endemic to northern and western China, are subterranean rodents that inhabit various niches, including grasslands, high-altitude meadows, forests, and farmlands. Six species in Eospalax were described a century ago but their taxonomy and phylogeny remain controversial. In this study, we performed high-depth whole-genome sequencing of 47 zokor samples, comprising all six previously described species. Genomic analyses revealed a reliable and robust phylogeny of Eospalax and supported the validity of the six named species. According to the inferred phylogenetic relationships, Eospalax first divergent into two clades in the early Pliocene (ca. 4.68 million years ago (Ma)), one inhabiting the highaltitude Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions, and the another inhabiting the lowaltitude Loess Plateau and Qinling-Daba Mountains. The most recent divergences occurred between E. baileyi and E. smithii and between E. rufescens and E. rothschildi in the late Pliocene (ca. 2.09 and 2.19 Ma, respectively). We also collected specimens of zokors in the southern Hengduan Mountains (Muli County, Sichuan Province), far from the known distributions of all other zokors. Morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggested that the specimens represent a new species, formally described here as Eospalax muliensis sp. nov. The new species belongs to the high-altitude clade and diverged from closely related species (ca. 4.22 Ma) shortly after the first divergence in Eospalax. Interestingly, Eospalax muliensis sp. nov. possesses more supposedly plesiomorphic characters, suggesting a possible origin of the genus in the Hengduan Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines two sources of workplace learning (via supervisors and via colleagues) as potential mediators accounting for the effects of social support and training on employee wellbeing. Analysis of survey data from 279 Chinese workers reveals that they react to the two sources of learning differently, possibly as a consequence of a high-power-distance culture. Learning from supervisors is the only significant mediator in the relationships between social support and training, on the one hand, and employee wellbeing (physical health, work engagement and job satisfaction), on the other. This demonstrates that different forms of workplace learning can have different antecedents and consequences, and suggests that the supervisor-employee dyad is particularly important for work-related learning in China. The study shows that a learning-based mediation process contributes to job-resources-to-wellbeing relationships, and should be factored into future theorization in the job demands-resources (JD-R) framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the archaeological, chronological, and biological data from multiple karst caves in southern China that date to the late-Paleolithic to early-Neolithic transition. Our review shows that the radiocarbon dates, although having a large quantity, do not align with the known cultural sequences correlated among the cave sites (based on the degree of sophistication of artefact manufacturing) and they conflict with the corresponding paleoclimatic conditions revealed by the biological data. Most of these radiocarbon dates are older than expected, and their samples probably incorporate dead carbon through the reaction with groundwater. We argue that, when correlated with global paleoclimate records, the chronological framework provided by the biological datasets provides a more robust chronology than the available radiocarbon dates. Accordingly, all the Neolithic layers reviewed, with their plentiful biological remains of tropical/subtropical and aquatic/water-loving species, are likely to have been deposited in Holocene, and the Paleolithic cultural layers likely date to the Younger Dryas or the Bølling-Allerød. Our review suggests that the late-to-postglacial climate change helped initiate the development of Neolithic cultures in East Asia. We attribute this development to the growth of creeks/wetlands and their associated ecosystems (including the spreading of wild rice) during the period of climate warming and wetting, which greatly increased accessible food, water, and mud resources, providing opportunities for ancient peoples to recognize wild rice and to invent polishing stone tools and making pinched earthenware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of data on drug-related problems (DRPs) among elderly patients from surgical departments. The current study is aimed at identifying and categorizing types of DRPs and assessing the severities of the DRPs. Medication orders for hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years from six surgery departments were reviewed to determine DRPs over 6 months in a tertiary teaching hospital of Chongqing, China. DRPs were classified based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification V8.02. The severity ratings of the DRPs were assessed using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention classification. A total of 53,231 medication orders from 1,707 elderly patients were reviewed, and 1,061 DRPs were identified. Treatment safety (44.9%) was the most common DRP type. Drug selection (43.1%) and dose selection (43.1%) were the major causes of DRPs. A total of 75.1% of the DRPs were classified into severity categories B to D (causing no or potential harm), and 24.9% were classified as categories E to H (causing actual harm). DRPs are common in hospitalized elderly surgical patients. Pharmacists should provide medication order reviews in this vulnerable patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the job demands-resources and effort-reward imbalance models, this study investigates the mediating roles of intrinsic motivation and distributive justice in the relationships between line-manager support and employee wellbeing (job satisfaction, work engagement and physical health). Responses to a survey of 357 front-line workers in a Chinese manufacturer were analysed through structural equation modelling. We find, in this context, that line managers are a strong determinant of employee wellbeing when they foster the intrinsic motivation of employees and their perceptions of organisational justice. Such findings are helpful for our understanding of attitudes in the Chinese workforce and underline the value of analysing multiple mediating mechanisms and multiple wellbeing outcomes in human resource management-wellbeing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Chinese coronavirus epicenter, Wuhan, 16 cabin hospitals were built to admit patients with confirmed coronavirus infection (COVID-19). These cabin hospitals serve the role of effectively quarantine and treat mild cases of patients infected with COVID-19. Each cabin hospital has pharmacists to provide services and pharmaceutical care to patients. Pharmacists also provide assistance to cabin hospitals through remote internet platforms across China. In this commentary, we describe pharmacy services at cabin hospitals to share our experiences with the international pharmacy community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In southern China, Cd-tainted rice produced in Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils is a serious health concern. Thus, it is essential and urgent to remediate Cd-contaminated soils and reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains for food safety and human health. Materials and methods: Four soil amendments (e.g., lime, biochar, soil conditioner, and seaweed organic fertilizer) combined with two rice cultivars (Yongyou17, YY-17; and Xiushui09, XS-09) with different Cd accumulation abilities were selected to evaluate the efficacy of safe utilization in a slightly moderately Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Results and discussion: Results showed that soil amendments significantly increased soil pH and reduced Cd bioavailability compared with the control. Linear regression analysis showed that the decrease in Cd bioavailability was significantly and positively correlated with soil pH increase (P < 0.001). Soil amendments were efficient in reducing Cd uptake by rice root as well as translocation from root to aboveground plant parts. The Cd concentrations in brown rice of YY-17 and XS-09 were 0.34 and 0.22 mg kg−1 for control treatments, respectively, while the Cd concentrations of rice grain using were reduced by 45 to 88% and 55 to 88% soil amendments for two cultivars. Considering the costs and efficiency of soil amendments, the soil conditioner was the best amendment. Conclusions: In situ immobilization combined with low-Cd-accumulation rice cultivar is an effective approach for food safety in lightly moderately Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Data is lacking on types and severities of drug-related problems (DRPs) in hospitalized surgical patients in China. Objective To identify and categorize types and causes of DRPs, and to assess severities of these DRPs. Setting An academic teaching hospital in Chongqing, China. Method We retrospectively reviewed all medication orders for patients in six surgical departments during a six-month period. DRPs were classified using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification, and the severity ratings of these DRPs were based on the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP) classification. Main outcome measure The number, types, causes and severities of the DRPs. Results A total of 291,944 medication orders in 10,643 patients were reviewed, and 3548 DRPs were identified. The average DRP number per patient was 0.3. The most common problem was treatment effectiveness (39.9%) and the major cause of the problems was dose selection (47.0%). Total 80.1% of the DRPs were rated at severity categories B to D (causing no or potential harm), whereas 19.9% were rated as categories E to H (causing actual harm). Conclusion DRPs are common in surgical patients, and prospective pharmacist medication order review services are needed to improve patients' pharmaceutical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate clinical phenotype and gene mutation of dysferlinopathy. Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory, imaging, neurophysiological examinations, myopathology and genetic test of 3 patients with dysferlinopathy in 2 Chinese families were studied retrospectively. Results Dysferlinopathy has various clinical manifestations and different clinical subtypes which may appear in the same family. Case 1 was diagnosed as Miyoshi myopathy (MM), while her father (Case 2) was asymptomatic high serum creatine kinase (CK). Muscle MRI showed different degrees of fatty replacement. EMG revealed myogenic damage. Histological morphology showed myodystrophy. Immunohistochemical staining showed negative dysferlin expression in membrane of muscle cells. DYSF gene test showed nonsense mutation in exon 4 c.331C > T (p.Gln111Ter; Case 1 and Case 2) and frameshift mutation in exon 54 c.6141delC (Case 1), and nonsense mutation in exon 23 c.2311C > T (p.Gln771Ter) and frameshift mutation in exon 27 c.2870-2874delAGACC (Case 3). Conclusions Dysferlinopathy has clinical heterogeneity, which is easily misdiagnosed or missed in diagnosis. Detailed history inquiry, negative dysferlin expression in muscle biopsy and DYSF mutation are helpful for clear and classification diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Little is known about the extent of drug-related problems (DRPs) in community-dwelling older adult patients with chronic diseases in mainland China. Setting A medication therapy review service at a community health center in Chongqing, China. Objective To identify and categorize DRPs along with pharmacists' recommendations in addressing the DRPs identified. Method The study was conducted between May 2015 and July 2016. A total of 102 community-dwelling older adults were included. MTR was carried out by clinical pharmacists. DRPs and pharmacotherapy recommendations were recorded and analyzed. Main outcome measure The number of drug-related problems and main problem categories. Results The average age of patients was 69.4 years. Patients took an average of 6.3 medications. A total of 489 DRPs were identified (mean of 4.8 per patient). The most common category was under-treated (27.8%) followed by over- or under-dose (18.8%) and monitoring (17.8%). The number of medications taken was the significant associated factor for DRPs. Pharmacists made 526 recommendations to address the DRPs (mean of 1.1 recommendations per DRP). Primary care providers accepted 68.1% of these recommendations, and implemented 60.9% of them. Conclusion The prevalence of DRPs among studied patient population was high. Pharmacists may play a vital role in addressing the DRPs and optimize pharmacotherapy through MTR service located in community health centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Grounded in the theory of person-organisation fit, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which instrumental work values influence the relationship between HR practices and employee well-being (measured by job satisfaction) in a sample of Chinese workers.Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire data for this cross-sectional, quantitative study were collected from 371 front-line workers in a Chinese manufacturer. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses.Findings The results show that work instrumentalism significantly reduces the positive effect of training on job satisfaction while boosting the positive effect of remuneration on job satisfaction. In contrast, there is no evidence for an interaction between instrumentalism and employee involvement.Practical implications The results imply that the degree to which HR practices are effective in promoting job satisfaction among these Chinese workers depends both on their work-value orientations and on the implications of the particular HR practice. Managers concerned about job satisfaction in China need to consider the impact of work values and the goals of particular HR practices.Originality/value China makes an enormously important contribution to world manufacturing output but the authors need a better understanding of how Chinese workers are likely to interpret and respond to HR practices if employee well-being in Chinese enterprises is to be fostered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camellia confuse Craib 1914 is an industrially valuable oil crop from southern China for which little genetic information is available. Here, we found that its complete chloroplast genome is a circular sequence (156,905 bp) with a large single-copy region (LSC) of 67,724 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) of 18,400 bp, and two inverted repeats (IRs). In total, 130 genes were identified, including 86 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNAs, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. confusa is close to C. meiocarpa. These results provide valuable information for accelerating research on the evolution of camellias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy shortage, energy safety, environment pollution and global warming commonly promote the development of biofuels in China. Maize, wheat and rapeseed should be banned gradually as feedstocks. Cassava and sweet sorghum have better environmental benefits for ethanol production and so do jatropha curcas and pistacia chinensis for biodiesel. Evaluation of potential land for the four feedstocks has already been done and they are prior to other sources. Macro polices promote development of fuel ethanol and biodiesel industries. Economic measures including tax cuts, subsidies and compensation mechanisms and sale channels are given to ethanol companies. Rapid development of fuel methanol industry and limited source of feedstocks become the resistance of ethanol industry. Biodiesel can hardly achieve economic supports due to complex sources of feedstocks, variable compositions and different properties. China treats cellulose biomass and microalgae as the best choice for ethanol and biodiesel productions and they are in the research stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is significantly contributing to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Analyzing the emission pattern of GHGs from MSW is essential for formulating appropriate carbon mitigation policies. Based on IPCC Models, GHG emissions from MSW were calculated in Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2021 by landfilling and incineration operations, separately. Landfilling and incineration generated approximately 1271 MtCO 2 -eq and 198 MtCO 2 -eq from 2004 to 2021, respectively. GHG emissions from landfilling increased from 2004 to 2020 and declined in 2021, while GHG emissions from incineration demonstrated an increasing trend with three distinct growth stages. A panel regression model was then employed to identify the key factors influencing GHG emissions. GDP and population are positively related to GHG emissions from landfills, while PCCE is negatively related to GHG emissions from landfills. GDP and PCCE have a positive impact on GHG emissions from incineration, while population showed no significant impact. Multi-expression programming was used to develop an explicit model, forecasting GHG emissions from MSW by 2030. From 2022 to 2024, GHG emissions from landfills will quickly decrease, while GHG emissions from incineration will rapidly increase. Subsequently, the GHG emission rate of incineration will slow down, and GHGs from landfilling will slowly decrease due to no MSW for landfill disposal. The methods and results provide insightful information for policy-makers and waste management sector., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Zokors in the genus Eospalax , which are endemic to northern and western China, are subterranean rodents that inhabit various niches, including grasslands, high-altitude meadows, forests, and farmlands. Six species in Eospalax were described a century ago but their taxonomy and phylogeny remain controversial. In this study, we performed high-depth whole-genome sequencing of 47 zokor samples, comprising all six previously described species. Genomic analyses revealed a reliable and robust phylogeny of Eospalax and supported the validity of the six named species. According to the inferred phylogenetic relationships, Eospalax first divergent into two clades in the early Pliocene (ca. 4.68 million years ago (Ma)), one inhabiting the high-altitude Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions, and the another inhabiting the low-altitude Loess Plateau and Qinling-Daba Mountains. The most recent divergences occurred between E. baileyi and E. smithii and between E. rufescens and E. rothschildi in the late Pliocene (ca. 2.09 and 2.19 Ma, respectively). We also collected specimens of zokors in the southern Hengduan Mountains (Muli County, Sichuan Province), far from the known distributions of all other zokors. Morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggested that the specimens represent a new species, formally described here as Eospalax muliensis sp. nov . The new species belongs to the high-altitude clade and diverged from closely related species (ca. 4.22 Ma) shortly after the first divergence in Eospalax . Interestingly, Eospalax muliensis sp. nov . possesses more supposedly plesiomorphic characters, suggesting a possible origin of the genus in the Hengduan Mountains.

Deep sleep staging networks have reached top performance on large-scale datasets. However, these models perform poorer when training and testing on small sleep cohorts due to data inefficiency. Transferring well-trained models from large-scale datasets (source domain) to small sleep cohorts (target domain) is a promising solution but still remains challenging due to the domain-shift issue. In this work, an unsupervised domain adaptation approach, domain statistics alignment (DSA), is developed to bridge the gap between the data distribution of source and target domains. DSA adapts the source models on the target domain by modulating the domain-specific statistics of deep features stored in the Batch Normalization (BN) layers. Furthermore, we have extended DSA by introducing cross-domain statistics in each BN layer to perform DSA adaptively (AdaDSA). The proposed methods merely need the well-trained source model without access to the source data, which may be proprietary and inaccessible. DSA and AdaDSA are universally applicable to various deep sleep staging networks that have BN layers. We have validated the proposed methods by extensive experiments on two state-of-the-art deep sleep staging networks, DeepSleepNet+ and U-time. The performance was evaluated by conducting various transfer tasks on six sleep databases, including two large-scale databases, MASS and SHHS, as the source domain, four small sleep databases as the target domain. Thereinto, clinical sleep records acquired in Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, were used. The results show that both DSA and AdaDSA could significantly improve the performance of source models on target domains, providing novel insights into the domain generalization problem in sleep staging tasks.

Electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) is an epileptic encephalopathy in children with complex clinical manifestations. It is accompanied by specific electroencephalography (EEG) patterns of continuous spike and slow-waves. Quantifying such EEG patterns is critical to the diagnosis of ESES. While most of the existing automatic ESES quantification systems ignore the morphological variations of the signal as well as the individual variability among subjects. To address these issues, this paper presents a hybrid expert system that dedicates to mimicking the decision-making process of clinicians in ESES quantification by taking the morphological variations, individual variability, and medical knowledge into consideration. The proposed hybrid system not only offers a general scheme that could propel a semi-auto morphology analysis-based expert decision model to a fully automated ESES quantification with biogeography-based optimization (BBO), but also proposes a more precise individualized quantification system to involve the personalized characteristics by adopting an individualized parameters-selection framework. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed method are evaluated on a clinical dataset collected from twenty subjects at Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The estimation error for the individualized quantitative descriptor ESES is 0-4.32% and the average estimation error is 0.95% for all subjects. Experimental results show the presented system outperforms existing works and the individualized system significantly improves the performance of ESES quantification. The favorable results indicate that the proposed hybrid expert system for automatic ESES quantification is promising to support the diagnosis of ESES.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of insomnia by frequency network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials of Chinese patent medicines for insomnia were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library databases from the time of database establishment to October 2020. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane bias risk standard, and the data was analyzed by RevMan 5.3 and Stata/MP 15.1. A total of 11 kinds of Chinese patent medicines in 27 RCTs were included. According to Meta-analysis, in term of the effective rate, Tianmeng Liquid, Zaoren Anshen Capsules, Shumian Capsules, Shensong Yangxin Capsules, Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets, Shugan Jieyu Capsules, Anshen Bunao Liquid and Qiye Anshen Tablets combined with nonbenzodiazepine drugs(NBZDs) were superior to NBZDs alone. In term of the improvement of Pittsburg sleeping quality index(PSQI) score, Tianmeng Liquid, Shumian Capsules, Shensong Yangxin Capsules, Bailemian Capsules, Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets, Shugan Jieyu Capsules, Yangxue Qingnao Granules and Yindan Xinnaotong Capsules combined with NBZDs were superior to NBZDs alone. In terms of the safety, Shumian Capsules, Shensong Yangxin Capsules, Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets and Qiye Anshen Tablets combined with NBZDs were superior to NBZDs alone. In terms of the avoidance of dizziness and headache, Qiye Anshen Tablets combined with NBZDs were superior to NBZDs alone. The results of Network Meta-analysis indicated that in term of the effective rate, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Shugan Jieyu Capsules, combined with Zaoren Anshen Capsules and combined with Shensong Yangxin Capsules in the order from high to low. With the respect of improvement of PSQI score, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Yangxue Qingnao Granules, combined with Tianmeng Liquid and combined with Yindan Xinnaotong Capsules in the order from high to low. In terms of the safety, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Qiye Anshen Tablets, combined with Shensong Yangxin Capsules and combined with Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets in the order from high to low. In terms of the avoidance of dizziness and headache, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Qiye Anshen Tablets, combined with Zaoren Anshen Capsules and combined with Shumian Capsules in the order from high to low. In terms of the avoidance of fatigue, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Shensong Yangxin Capsules, combined with Shumian Capsules and combined with Qiye Anshen Tablets in the order from high to low. In conclusion, Chinese patent medicines combined with NBZDs can effectively alleviate the symptoms of insomnia with a high safety. However, the conclusion of this study needs to be verified by more high-quality studies because of the low methodological quality of the included studies.

In recent years, recovery of metals from electronic waste (e-waste) within China has become increasingly important due to potential supply risk of strategic raw material and environmental concerns. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain lots of valuable metals together with plenty of hazardous materials, which are considered both an attractive secondary resource and an environmental contaminant. Pressure filtration is an effective and environmentally friendly method for separating and recycling comminuted PCBs. Present work is focused on the recovery of metals from PCBs by low-pressure filtration separation. A two-stage separation process was adopted to selectively recover Pb-Sn and Cu alloys at different temperatures. The results showed that the temperature and pressure had great influence on the recovery of metals in the separation process. After the two-stage separation process, the total recoveries of Pb, Sn, Cu and Zn were 79.96%, 89.91%, 88.80% and 68.57% respectively, when the temperature is 1350 °C and the pressure is 0.30 MPa. This is a high-efficiency, short-flow, clean-production, and environmental-friendliness that can improve the recovery of metals and realize the reuse of waste resources., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The widely validated Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram for gastric carcinoma (GC) was developed based on patients who received R0 resection only. The purpose of the current study was to assess the performance of this nomogram in Chinese patients who received postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) after an R0 resection for GC. From 2006 to 2015, the clinical data of 150 eligible patients were retrospectively collected from the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and used for external validation. The nomogram was validated by means of the concordance index (CI) and a calibration plot. The CI for the nomogram was 0.657, which was lower than the CI of the nomogram for patients who received surgery alone (0.80). In the calibration plot, the gap between the observed and the predicted survival gradually increased as the predicted 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) decreased. Thus the MSKCC nomogram for GC significantly underestimated the survival of patients in the FUSCC cohort, especially the survival of patients whose predicted 5-year DSS was less than 50%. The current study indicates the potential for the nomogram to be developed as an ideal tool to identify target patients for postoperative CRT.

Background: The University of Wisconsin colloid based preserving solution (UW solution) is the most efficient preserving solution for multiorgan transplantation. Unfortunately, unavailability of delayed organ preserving solutions hindered further progression of cardinal organ transplantation in China. In this study, we validated an organ preserving Changzheng Organ Preserving Solution (CZ-1 solution) and compared it with UW solution., Methods: A series of studies were conducted on how and how long CZ-1 solution could preserve the kidneys, livers, hearts, lungs and pancreas of New Zealand rabbits and SD rats. Morphology of transplanted organs was studied by visible microscopy and electron microscopy; biochemical and physiological functions and the survival rate of the organs during prolonged cold storage were studied., Results: There was no significant difference between CZ-1 and UW solutions in preserving the kidneys, livers, hearts or lungs of rabbits; kidneys, livers, intestinal mucosa or pancreases of SD rats or five deceased donors' testicles. In some aspects, such as preserving rabbits' hearts, rats' intestinal mucosa and pancreases, the effect of CZ-1 solution was superior to UW solution. CZ-1 could safely preserve kidneys for 72 hours, livers for 24 hours, hearts for 18 hours and lungs for 8 hours for SD rats. Twelve kidneys preserved in cold CZ-1 solution for 22 - 31 hours were transplanted successfully and the mean renal function recovery time was (3.83 +/- 1.68) days., Conclusions: CZ-1 solution is as effective as UW solution for organ preservation. The development of CZ-1 solution not only reduces costs and improves preservation of organs, but also promotes future development of organ transplantation in China.