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The soil permeability and underground water level greatly affect the performance of low-impact development (LID) practices. Shanghai is located in the area of estuary and is characterized by its high groundwater level and low soil infiltration rate. The LID practices in Fuxing Island Park, Shanghai, including a bioretention cell, swales, a permeable pavement, and a combined LID practices were studied in the present paper. The performance of LID practices during the period of eight rainfall events was evaluated in terms of hydrology and water quality. Due to the detention of the LID practices, a significant delay between the peak rainfall and the peak surface runoff was observed. On-site tests show it is suitable for the applicability of LID in a rainy city with low soil infiltration rate and high groundwater level. Moreover, the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was also used to compare the hydrologic effects before and after these four LID practices application in the park. Results indicated the LID practices could effectively reduce the runoff volume and the peak flow in the park. Furthermore, the runoff water quality evaluation showed the pollutants were effectively removed by these four LID practices due to both runoff treatment and flow volume reduction. The bioretention system proved to be effective as a result of its larger facility area while the swales had the obvious reduction volume both per facility area and per catchment area.

Objective: To investigate the pathogen spectrum distribution and drug resistance of febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical isolates from the febrile neutropenic patients hospitalized in the departments of hematology in 12 general hospitals in Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2014. The drug susceptibility test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility data. Results: A total of 1 260 clinical isolates were collected from the febrile neutropenic patients. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 33.3% and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 66.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.5%) , Escherichia coli (9.1%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (6.6%) , Staphylococcus aureus (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecium (5.0%) were ranked in the first 7 of all pathogens. In the respiratory tract secretions specimens, non-fermented strains accounted for 56.2%. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accounted for 15.2%. Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for 42.3% (104/246) and 32.6% (85/246) respectively in blood samples. Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus bacteria accounted for 39.4% (76/193) and 28.5% (55/193) respectively in pus specimens. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) were 54.3% and 82.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus bacterial strain was not found to be resistant to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The detection rate of Enterococcus vancomycin-resistant strains was 8.9%. Enterococcus was not detected resistance to oxazolidinone strains. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were highly sensitive to carbapenems. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem was 34.1% and 15.8%, respectively. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was more sensitive to minocycline hydrochloride, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii only to cefoperazone-sulbactam was less than 10.0%. The antibiotic resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii to most of common antibiotics was lower than that of the CHINET surveillance. Conclusions: The pathogenic strain distribution in common infection sites of febrile neutropenic patients was characterized. Bacterial resistance surveillance was better than the CHINET nationwide large sample surveillance in China.

Objective: To determine cagA/vacA dominant genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in patients suffering from chronic gastritis (CG) or peptic ulcer (PU), and to understand the correlation of different genotype H. pylori infection, coinfection and the gastroduodenal diseases., Methods: H. pylori strains were isolated from antrum and corpus samples on 42 patients with CG and 36 patients with PU. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect cagA and the s and m regions of vacA in 156 H. pylori isolates from both antrum and corpus. The distribution of H. pylori genotypes and coinfection in CG and PU was analyzed., Results: Almost all of the isolated H. pylori strains were cagA positive. In region of vacA, only one genotype of signal region (s1a) and four genotypes of the middle region (m1, m2, m1b and m1b-m2) were found. The proportions of s1a/m1, s1a/m2, s1a/m1b, s1a/m1b-m2 and coinfection of multiple H. pylori strains in 78 isolates from antrum samples were 6.4%, 55.1%, 26.9%, 1.3% and 3.8%; and the related proportions of those from corpus samples were 6.4%, 53.8%, 25.6%, 3.8% and 5.1%, respectively. Sixteen (20.5%) patients had multiple H. pylori strains with different cagA and vacA genotypes, and multiple samples were better than single sample taken from one stomach to increase the positive proportion of coinfection., Conclusion: cagA(+) s1a/m2 was the dominant genotype of H. pylori in the CG or PU patients followed by cagA(+) s1a/m1b in the Zhejiang area of China. Some of the patients were coinfected with multiple H. pylori strains of different cagA and vacA genotypes. However, there was no significant correlation between the genotypes or mixed infection with multiple strains, CG or PU.