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This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in preventing myopia shift and myopia onset in premyopic children. A prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, and crossover trial was conducted over 13 months. Sixty premyopic children aged 6–12 years with cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) > − 0.75 D and ≤ + 0.50 D in both eyes were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one drop of 0.01% atropine or placebo once nightly for 6 months (period 1), followed by a 1-month recovery period. Then, the 0.01% atropine group was crossed over to the placebo group, and the latter was crossed over to the 0.01% atropine group for another 6 months (period 2). The primary outcomes were changes in SER and axial length (AL), and the secondary outcomes were the proportion of myopia onset (SER ≤ − 0.75D) and fast myopic shift (change in SER ≤ − 0.25D) in the two periods. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model performed a statistically significant treatment effect of 0.01% atropine compared with placebo (pSER = 0.02, pAL < 0.001), with a mean SER and AL difference of 0.20D (− 0.15 ± 0.26D vs. − 0.34 ± 0.34D) and 0.11 mm (0.17 ± 0.11 mm vs. 0.28 ± 0.14 mm) in period 1, and 0.17D (− 0.18 ± 0.24D vs. − 0.34 ± 0.31D) and 0.10 mm (0.15 ± 0.15 mm vs. 0.24 ± 0.11 mm) in period 2. The GEE model showed that the proportion of myopia onset (p = 0.004) and fast myopic shift (p = 0.009) was significantly lower in the 0.01% atropine group than that in the placebo group. The period effect was not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). A total of 0.01% atropine significantly prevented myopic shift, axial elongation, and myopia onset in premyopic schoolchildren in central Mainland China. Conclusion: Within the limits of only two consecutive 6-month observation period, 0.01% atropine eye drops effectively prevented myopic shift, axial elongation, and myopia onset in premyopic children. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2000034760). Registered 18 July 2020. What is Known: • Minimal studies on interventions for pre-myopia, despite the International Myopia Institute stating that preventing myopia is an "even more valuable target" for science and practice than reducing progression after onset. What is New: • A total of 0.01% atropine eye drops may safely and effectively reduce the proportion of myopia onset and fast myopic shift in premyopic schoolchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive research on rural–urban disparities in the association of hyperuricaemia (HUA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China, especially among minority groups, is limited. We explored the HUA-CVD relationship between rural and urban areas within ethnic Chinese groups. We included Dong, Miao, and Bouyei adults in Southwest China from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between HUA and CVD in both residences. We performed stratified analyses by sex and age. The study population included 16,618 people (37.48% Dong, 30.00% Miao, and 32.52% Bouyei) without a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. We identified 476 (188 Dong, 119 Miao, and 169 Bouyei) and 175 (62 Dong, 77 Miao, and 36 Bouyei) CVD cases in rural and urban areas. Compared to urban residents, an at least 49% increased CVD risk (adjusted OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06–2.08 for the Dong ethnic group; 1.55, 1.07–2.25 for the Bouyei ethnic group) and a 1.65-fold elevated coronary heart disease risk (1.65, 1.03–2.64) related to HUA was present in rural residents. Moreover, HUA was positively associated with increased risk of CVD and coronary heart disease in rural women (2.05, 1.26–3.31; 2.11, 1.19–3.75) and rural older adults (1.83, 1.22–2.75; 2.32, 1.39–3.87) among the Bouyei ethnic group, respectively. We found rural elderly individuals with HUA among the Dong ethnic group had a 52% elevated risk of CVD (1.52, 1.05–2.21); furthermore, an at least 79% increased risk of stroke related to HUA was observed in women (2.24, 1.09–4.62) and elderly people (1.79, 1.02–3.13) in rural areas among the Dong ethnic group. But a positive association was not found among the Miao ethnic group. Screening early-onset HUA patients may be helpful for the control and prevention of CVD in rural residents, especially for women and older adults living in a rural community, among the Dong and Bouyei ethnic groups in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: ToRCH infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus) have long been known to be associated with bad obstetric outcomes. Little information is available about the impact of ToRCH infection on reproduction in china nearly for ten years. We designed a prospective study among 1863 pregnant women to investigate the association of ToRCH infection and congenital malformations.Study Design: All participants had set up a maternal health Handbook and were managed through the maternal and child health care system. They underwent regular pregnancy check-up, including physical measurements (weight, abdominal circumference and blood pressure), laboratory examinations (blood, urine) and ultrasound scan. ToRCH IgM antibodies were tested by chemiluminescence immunoassay.Results: 102 participants were infected with ToRCH and the total infection rate was 6.06% (102/1683). CMV infection rate (3.15%, 53/1683) was the highest. The positive rate of ToRCH IgM antibodies increased significantly in participant with upper respiratory tract infection (14.6%, 32/219) or with adverse pregnancy history (4.8%, 70/1464). Among 85 ToRCH infected participants, adverse pregnancy outcome were observed in 57 cases which included abortions (31.8%, 27/85), premature births (8.2%, 7/85), congenital malformations (12.9%, 11/85), and stillbirths (9.4%, 8/85). Furthermore, congenital malformations was much higher than that in those without ToRCH infection (1.1%, 17/1598) (P＜0.001).Conclusion: ToRCH infection was a significant risk factor of severe damage to the fetus, especially congenital malformations. ToRCH screening for pregnant women can reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy and prevent birth defects in china. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate and compare sex-specific differences between metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO) and the risk of hypertension among Dong, Bouyei, and Miao adults in southwest China., Methods: MHOO was diagnosed when the patient had a body mass index ≥24 kg/m 2 and the presence of ≤1 component of metabolic syndrome. The main outcome was the occurrence of hypertension after the diagnosis or measurement by a physician at the baseline survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between MHOO and the risk of hypertension., Results: We enrolled 16,433 Chinese Dong, Bouyei, and Miao adults. Using the metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) as a reference and after adjusting for confounders, the association between MHOO and the risk of hypertension was stronger in Dong (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-2.00) and Miao (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.48-2.85) men and did not exist in Bouyei men (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.81-1.60). After adjusting for the age, the association between MHOO and the risk of hypertension was stronger in men than in women among Dong adults aged 30-59 years (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.12-2.40) and did not differ between men and women among Dong adults aged 60-79 years or among Miao or Bouyei adults., Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated sex-specific differences in the association between MHOO and the risk of hypertension and that sex-specific differences further differed among Dong, Bouyei, and Miao adults., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the components of dyslipidaemia and their dose-response relationships have not been thoroughly explored. This study assessed the relationship between SUA and each dyslipidaemia component in Dong, Miao, and Bouyei populations in Guizhou by sex and ethnicities and investigated the dose-response relationship., Methods: In total, 16,092 participants aged 30-79 years from The China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study were examined. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationship between SUA and each dyslipidaemia component by sex and three ethnicities. The dose-response associations between SUA and various dyslipidaemias were investigated using restricted cubic spline regression., Results: After controlling for confounding factors, the SUA level in total participants positively correlated with each dyslipidaemia component, and women had higher odds ratios (ORs) for each dyslipidaemia component than men (P for trend < 0.001). At the SUA level > 6.37 mg/dL, ORs (95% CI) for dyslipidaemia in the Dong, Miao and Bouyei were 2.89 (2.00-4.19), 2.43 (1.70-3.48), and 3.26 (2.23-4.78), respectively. When the SUA concentration increased by 1 mg/dL, the ORs (95% CI) for total dyslipidaemia was 1.31 (1.24-1.37). A positive dose-response but nonlinear association was found between SUA and total dyslipidaemia, high total cholesterol, and low HDL, whereas an inverse U-shaped association was found between SUA and high LDL-C ( P-nonlinear< 0.0001)., Conclusion: The SUA level was positively correlated with each dyslipidaemia component in Dong, Miao, and Bouyei adults, and sex and ethnic differences were also found. A nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between SUA levels and dyslipidaemia and its components. Further research is warranted to investigate the causal link between SUA levels and dyslipidaemia incidence., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: The association between hyperuricemia (HUA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is not fully elucidated., Objective: To assess the relationship according to factors of sex and age in the Chinese ethnic groups., Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study in a multi-ethnic population from southwestern China. HUA patients were identified by serum uric acid ≥7 mg/dL in men and 6 mg/dL in women. The outcome was composite prevalent CVDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and arrhythmia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, estimating odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were applied to evaluate the HUA-CVDs relationship., Results: We included 16,618 people (37.48% Dong, 30.00% Miao, and 32.52% Bouyei) aged 30-79 years without a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . CVDs developed in 250 Dong, 196 Miao, and 205 Bouyei adults. Among women, HUA was positively associated with the risk of stroke in Dong ethnicity and CVDs in Bouyei ethnicity (ORs (95% CIs) 2.02 (1.07-3.81) and 1.66 (1.06-2.59)) compared with non-HUA. In the age-specific analysis, HUA was related to the risk of CVDs (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.00-5.38) and CHD (5.37, 1.61-17.89) among Miao people aged < median age, CVDs (1.52, 1.11-2.08) and stroke (1.67, 1.02-2.72) among Dong adults aged ≥ median age, and CVDs (1.67, 1.16-2.40) and CHD (1.77, 1.13-2.77) among Bouyei ethnicity aged ≥ median age. After stratification by sex and the median age, for women aged > 50 years, a 55% (1.55, 1.00-2.39) and 65% (1.65, 1.02-2.66) increased risk for CVDs was observed in Dong and Bouyei ethnicities., Conclusions: HUA may be related to an increased risk of CVDs among women in the Dong and Bouyei ethnic groups in China, especially women aged > 50 years., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s).)