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As part of its ambitious Belt and Road initiative, the Chinese government, cognizant of the fact that establishing strong people-to-people bonds locally, regionally, and internationally will be key to the initiative's success and that languages will play a pivotal role in facilitating this, has called for the diversification of language programmes beyond English at the tertiary and pre-tertiary levels. The aim is to boost the plurilingual and pluricultural competence (PPC) of Chinese citizens, who are often already multilingual because of their knowledge of Chinese dialects and minority languages. This article reports on a study involving 248 university students from over 20 provinces in China that explored the interactions between their reported PPC, translingual dispositions, interculturalism, orientations toward cultural differences, and identity-related views. The results revealed that the participants' translingual dispositions entailed engaging in language negotiation practices to a greater extent than in resisting linguistic norms or exploring language. Moreover, the more multilingual the participants were, the more fluidly they reported moving between languages and the greater was their PPC, which was also positively and statistically significantly predicted by their age, ethnic background, acceptance of cultural differences, and views about their personal identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between the concepts of humility and competition in Confucianism and Daoism, and discusses their relevance to contemporary education. It argues that while both philosophical traditions value humility and caution against excessive competition, they do not outrightly reject competition; instead, they advocate for a harmonious balance between humility and competition through yielding (rang) and showing reverence (gong) or acting through non-action (wei-wu-wei) to resolve conflicts and promote healthy competition. The insights gleaned from this exploration carry significant implications for the moral development and mental well-being of students, particularly in the context of high-stakes testing cultures in China and other countries. They also offer valuable support in nurturing students' qualities such as openness to learning, humble leadership, and appreciation of diversity and multiculturalism essential for success in a diverse and interconnected world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the panorama of international education development in China from a retrospective policy mapping perspective. In China, international education is closely linked with educational internationalization and opening to the outside world. The internationalization of education in China refers to the cross-border communication, cooperation, and integration of educational undertakings of different countries to realize the understanding and respect of multicultural society. In general, the international education policy in China includes four stages: From 1949 to 1976, the international education policy is the exploratory stage, from 1976 to 2000, the steady development stage of the international education policy in the reform and opening up period, from 2000 to 2012, the comprehensive development stage of the international education policy in the new century, and from 2012 to now, the new international education policy under the background of 'One Belt and One Road' and the new policy challenges under the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the conclusion and implication are offered in the last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research finds that going far from home has many positive psychological outcomes such as enhanced creative thinking, and research on creativity reveals that nonconformity can be a useful tool to stimulate innovation. Merging these findings, we theorise that foreign experiences increase nonconformist attitudes and behaviours. In Studies 1 and 2, surveys of Chinese university students and non-student adults consistently showed that multicultural experiences were negatively related to conformity tendencies. Study 3 found that American students who were studying in China demonstrated a lower conformity tendency than American students without multicultural experiences, which suggests that the multicultural experience – conformity link cannot be accounted for by the effects of culture. Results from Study 4 indicated that compared with participants who had planned to go abroad but had not left their home country yet, participants who had lived abroad reported lower levels of conformity. Lastly, experimentally manipulating a focus on foreign experiences (vs. home experiences) facilitates non-conforming ways of thinking in terms of product preference (Study 5). Together, these findings provide evidence that exposure to diverse cultures not only produces divergent psychological consequences as have been found by other researchers, but also leads to the emergence of nonconformity attitudes and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its thriving economy, well‐crafted policies, diverse and lively multicultural society, and advanced infrastructure, the United Arab Emirates plays a significant role in the Middle East. It has become strategically and economically important to both the United States and China, and both countries have established strong strategic partnerships with the Gulf state. As the UAE is a small yet ambitious state, both powers are crucial to its strategy for maintaining security and diversifying its economy. Thus, to secure its interests, the UAE has adopted a strategy of balancing its relationships with Washington and Beijing. This article examines the strategy and aims to predict its direction in light of the increasing competition and rivalry between the two global powers. The analysis is part of a special issue examining the responses of Gulf countries to rising Sino‐American competition, edited by Andrea Ghiselli, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, and Enrico Fardella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the Australian experience of Lunar New Year, a festival originating in mainland China that has allowed its participants to navigate the identity politics of the private sphere alongside the national politics of the public sphere. For the Chinese-Australian community, it has been a means to reaffirm ancestral traditions and forge new transnational identities. Local councils have further capitalised on celebrations to unify cities under a broader social image of multicultural harmony during Australia's post-imperial disorientation and subsequent search for a new sense of nationhood. Finally, as Australia continues to navigate a turbulent relationship with China, Australian politicians have adopted the vibrant rhetoric of the festival to ground Australia's regional identity in the Asia Pacific. The festival thus exists as a lively, contemporary focal point used to hone, reconstruct and complicate a range of Australian identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a qualitative participatory action research study applying critical cosmopolitan literacies principles with pre-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers to address global human rights issues through international English youth literature. Using literary works on sociopolitical issues alongside critical pedagogy engagements and teaching practicum in various educational settings, the author as a teacher-researcher attempts to raise the student teachers' critical awareness to issues of power, privilege, and social justice embedded in the multicultural and multimodal texts. Analysis of the qualitative data indicates important outcomes in terms of an enhanced understanding of critical human rights issues pertaining to the formation of student teachers' identities as global-conscious and socially responsible educators. Meanwhile, with explicit guidance from the teacher educator, the student teachers also develop communicative intercultural competence, high-order thinking skills, and learning agency by engaging in multiliteracies practices within a cosmopolitan liteacies orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A writer much ahead of her time, Pearl S Buck spent her childhood and early years of youth in China, and her writings about the East helped it in developing cultural ties with the West. Buck dealt with many multicultural issues, including race, immigration, women, and minority rights. She was a political activist who had a deep insight and understanding of world politics particularly American politics, and very well gauged the need to bring about a radical change in the global political scenario. Her works explicitly deal with these issues, which, in the 1990s and beyond, became focal points around which the philosophical discourse on multiculturalism was constructed. She believed in "cultural competence"--"the ability of a person to effectively interact, work, and develop meaningful relationships with people of various cultural backgrounds." This paper presents a multicultural reading of Buck's oeuvre and her work as a cultural and social activist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multicultural approach has been advocated in school music education in China to heighten the sense of ethnic identity among students from diverse backgrounds, but research has shown that inadequate teaching approaches have been a major challenge in implementing multiculturalism. To facilitate students' development of their sense of ethnic and cultural identity, international educators have advocated the use of culturally responsive teaching (CRT), which can provide Chinese teachers with pedagogical guidance to put multiculturalism into practice. A mixed methods intervention approach was adopted to explore the impact of CRT on the ethnic identities of Yi, Han, Mongolian and Tibetan students in a multi-ethnic school in Sichuan Province, China. The quantitative results revealed that after participating in the CRT music course, the students demonstrated statistically significant improvement across the four dimensions of ethnic identity. The qualitative findings attributed the improvement in the students' ethnic identities to the use of ethnic music and native languages, multiple roles of the local music teacher and collective musical engagement. This study contributes to research on pedagogical strategies that help facilitate cultural diversity in school music education in China, and it serves as a reference for the use of CRT worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "EDITORIAL" from the magazine Tiempo de Paz addresses the change in global geopolitics and the transition towards a new order. It mentions that the fall of the Berlin Wall and the disintegration of the Soviet Union marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the era of globalization led by the United States. However, currently, there is a shift towards a multipolar world, with the rise of China and other countries from the global South, which is affecting the weight of the West in the world. The article reflects on the challenges that the transitioning world faces, such as climate change, the pandemic, and conflicts, and the need for institutional and normative transformations. It also analyzes the confrontation between Israel and Palestine and the role of Russia in the current context. The text presents different reflections on international issues and current concerns, such as the Arctic, the environment, gender equality, and international humanitarian law. It mentions the proposal of a Summit of the Future to strengthen global governance and analyzes the growing leadership of China and India in the transitioning world. The article invites reflection on these topics and shows an optimistic outlook towards the future. [Extracted from the article]

In my inquiry, I explore Chinese urban youth culture under the one-child policy through analyses of two Chinese Internet subcultural artifacts—A Bloody Case of a Steamed Bun and Du Fu Is Busy. Using Douglas Kellner's multiperspectival cultural studies (i.e., cultural studies, critical theory, and critical media literacy) as the theoretical framework, and diagnostic critique and semiotics as the analytical method, I examine three general themes—resistance, power relations, and consumerism. The power of multiperspectival cultural studies, an interdisciplinary inquiry, lies in its potentials to explore Chinese urban youth culture under the one-child policy from multiple perspectives; explore historical backgrounds and complexity of cultural artifacts to understand contradictions and trajectories of Chinese urban youth culture; recognize alternative medias as a space for urban Chinese youth to express frustrations and dissatisfactions, to challenge social injustices, and to create dreams and hopes for their futures; recognize that the intertexuality among cultural artifacts and subcultures creates possibilities for Chinese urban youth to invent more alternative media cultures that empower them to challenge dominations, perform their identities, and release their imagination for the future; invite Chinese youth to be the change agents for the era but not to be imprisoned by the era; and overcome misunderstanding, misrepresentation, or underrepresentation of Chinese urban youth cultural texts to promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a multicultural, multilingual, and multiracial world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interpretative phenomenological analysis explored the experiences of former Chinese international students trained as counselors in a United States‐based program (n = 9), both with respect to training and work experiences upon returning to China. Themes included strong counselor identity, struggles with adapting to mental health policies in China, and complications acclimating to training in the United States. Suggestions for educators include emphasis on international education and adjustments to hiring practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of big data and wireless communication technology has expanded the channels for Western culture to enter China. Diversified teaching forms make us dizzy, which has a great impact on traditional English teaching. This paper aims to study the dilemma and countermeasures of English teaching reform based on multiculturalism under the background of big data and wireless communication. It analyzes the connotation of multiculturalism, the characteristics of the era of big data, the problems existing in college English teaching, and the necessity of college English teaching reform. On the basis of feasibility, in order to understand the current situation of English teaching in colleges and universities, this paper takes teachers and students of a college in this province as the research object, conducts a questionnaire survey on them, and finds out how to better use the background of big data and wireless communication through data analysis. Combined with the multicultural trend of the times to carry out English teaching, the study concluded that under the current technological background, our English teaching must adhere to the student-centered approach and take the improvement of teachers' quality as an important means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study draws on data collected from Chinese language textbooks to investigate the ways in which ethnic minority cultures and languages are represented in primary school textbooks in China. Drawing on the methods of thematic and comparative analysis, we specifically analyse how the representation of ethnic minorities in Chinese textbooks has changed across different periods in history. The analysis reveals that the representation of ethnic minority cultures and languages is largely limited to the contributions approach and additive approach to multicultural curriculum development. The findings show a largely selective, traditional, and stereotypical representation of ethnic minority cultures and languages in school textbooks, which focus primarily on cultures from representative ethnic groups. Although an accurate and equitable representation of ethnic minorities is still mostly lacking in Chinese language textbooks, a multicultural approach to ethnic diversity has been gaining ground over the past four decades. Interestingly, increasing interest in a multicultural approach has been accompanied by decreasing tolerance towards ethnic multilingualism in textbooks over the past four decades. Such observable trends towards monolingualism and multiculturalism in the representation of ethnic and linguistic diversity in textbooks echo the continuous changes in national education policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world economic integration development, the development of cultural pluralism and diversity has become a major trend of social development in this era. In the process of development of the times, China's vocal singing is constantly adapting to and meeting the growing and changing aesthetic needs of people, while also constantly seeking its own perfection and development and releasing its unique artistic tension. Accordingly, the author explores the inheritance and development of China's vocal singing from the background of multiculturalism, explores the main characteristics of China's vocal singing through an in-depth interpretation of the concept of multiculturalism, analyzes and studies the emotional characteristics of vocal singing from the perspective of multiculturalism, and constructs an effective classification method for vocal singing under the value of multiculturalism, in order to bring enlightenment to promote the better development of China's vocal singing The purpose is to bring enlightenment for the better development of vocal singing in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the conditions of multiculturalism, Chinese vocal art has formed its own unique theoretical system based on the characteristics of vocalization, articulation, diction, and breathing. The aims of the study are to identify singing features in Chinese popular and traditional music, as well as to determine the ways in which musical genres influence vocals. Two teachers of modern vocal, two teachers of traditional vocal, 30 students of the Vocal Arts Department of Beijing University, art historians from the Central Conservatory of Music and Lishui University took part in the study. According to the study purpose, it was found that in traditional Chinese vocal arts, the main technique is falsetto (58%), mixed techniques (21.2%), vibrato (13.2%), overtone singing (6.1%), and glissando (1.5%) are also used. In popular singing the key technique is splitting (33.6%), also used: subtone (20.2%), vibrato (17.7%), drive (12.1%), glissando (11.1%), vocal fry register (9.2%), falsetto (3.3%), overtone singing (2%). As a result of the correlation analysis the dependence of popular singing techniques on traditional singing was determined. The coefficient of determination was 33.5%. It was also determined that when performing pop music, vibrato is controlled; noises and growling tones are used in rock music; uncontrolled vibrato, falsetto, and mixed techniques are used in opera; nasal sounds and minimal vibrato are in folk/country music; clear diction, articulation, slides, and scatting in blues/jazz; rhythmic and nasal sounds in hip-hop. The experiment results can be used in pedagogy for teaching vocals in China and abroad, as part of cultural activities related to the organization of events such as festivals, concerts, tourist programs, theatrical performances, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018 the government of the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan elevated certain Chinese languages, Taiwanese Indigenous languages, and Taiwan Sign Language to the status of national languages, seemingly marking the latest stage in an evolution of language education policy away from the long-standing focus on Mandarin. This paper analyses this evolution by comparing approaches to language education policy in contemporary Taiwan with those in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It focuses on how notions of multiculturalism, deployed to legitimate policy, have taken on different meanings in these divergent political contexts. I argue that in both the PRC and Taiwan, multiculturalism primarily signifies symbolic recognition of minority and non-dominant languages, involving limited redistribution of power. The continued centrality of Mandarin reflects the powerful legacy in both the ROC and the PRC of discourses of national identity centred around Han Chineseness, despite significant differences in the deployment of multicultural rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the issue of multiculturalism in China's journalism practice through the analysis of news coverage on the Sino-US trade war in China Daily (CD) and the South China Morning Post (SCMP). Following a corpus-based critical discourse analysis approach, the study compares thematic dimensions as well as recurring semantic patterns associated with them that denote two newspapers' evaluative positioning. The findings reveal that CD's reporting seems to be nationalistic-centric with overly positive representation of China's practices and policies, while SCMP's representation is multiculturalism-oriented with the representation of multiple discourses and articulation of competing and diversified viewpoints towards the evaluation of China's market access and economic reform. The study concludes by recommending China's official media practice continues to explore a multiculturalism approach to build dialogues with the international community in tandem with efforts made in promoting political, economic and cultural power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Face for Mr. Chiang Kai-shek, one of the most influential Chinese plays to have garnered attention in recent years, serves as a reminder of the importance of campus theatre in the formation and development of modern Chinese spoken drama from the early twentieth century onwards. As an old-fashioned high comedy that features witty dialogues and conveys philosophical and political ideas, it stands in opposition to such other forms of theatre in China today as the extravagant, propagandistic 'main melody' plays, as well as the experimental theatre of images. This article argues that the play's focus on Chinese intellectuals of the Republican era and their ideas encodes nostalgia both in its dramatic content and theatrical form: the former encodes nostalgia for the Republican era through a nuanced representation of Chinese intellectuals of that period, while the latter encodes nostalgia for orthodox spoken drama (huaju) in the form of a comedy of ideas. Yuan Li (first author) is Professor of English in the Faculty of English Language and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. She has published extensively on contemporary Chinese and Anglo-Irish drama, theatre, and cinema. Tim Beaumont (corresponding author) is Assistant Professor at the School of Foreign Languages at Shenzhen University. His research is primarily philosophical, and it is currently focused on the relationship between nineteenth-century liberal nationalism and contemporary multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two studies, we investigated how Hong Kong university students reacted to descriptions of China as multicultural vs. assimilatory, examining effects on emotions, prejudice toward Mainland Chinese, attitudes toward Hong Kong/China culture mixing, and cultural identities. Study 1 compared a multicultural priming condition to a control condition and found that the multiculturalism prime significantly reduced desire to socially distance from Mainland Chinese. Study 2 compared multiculturalism, assimilation, or control primes' effects, and found that the multiculturalism prime, through increased positive emotions, indirectly reduced social distancing from Mainland Chinese and disgust toward culture mixing, and increased Chinese ethnic identity and multicultural identity styles; the assimilation prime had the opposite indirect effects through increasing negative emotions. Results show new evidence of the importance of emotion in how non-immigrant regional groups, who are both minority and majority culture members, react to different diversity models. Multicultural frames increased positive emotions, with downstream positive effects on both intergroup attitudes and integrated identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the cultural contents in one textbook series, which is currently in use for English as a foreign language (EFL) education among ethnic Mongol junior high students in Inner Mongolia, China, to understand the representations of multiculturalism and underlying power relations that appear in them. Applying Kachru and Nelson's model of English spread and their categorisation into Inner, Outer and Expanding circles, this critical content analysis investigates which countries are introduced and how multicultural variables including race/ethnicity, gender/sexuality, social class, and people with disabilities are represented. The results show that representations of cultures of three circle countries and multicultural variables are shown in an unbalanced, stereotypical way and lack diversity. Additionally, we present the tensions within power relations among different countries, race/ethnicity, social classes, and gender/sexuality. The findings suggest that a critical multicultural perspective not only helps students and educators recognise both the international and internal diversity, but also urges educators and textbook writers to emphasise the importance of cultural knowledge of EFL textbooks to better serve ethnic Mongol students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from direct contact, people also familiarize themselves with other groups through indirect information. For example, as previous studies have revealed, indirect information on personality traits of outgroup members have influences on intergroup attitudes. Extending existing work, the current study specifically examined the effects of such indirect information on people's endorsement of multiculturalism, a set of attitudes regarding the attainment of harmonious coexistence among diverse cultural groups. Based on the Stereotype Content Model, two experiments were conducted to investigate how media coverage and social consensus information about moral, social and competence-related traits of foreign residents in China would affect local people's endorsement of multiculturalism. In experiment 1, when participants learned from the news that foreigners in China possessed high competence, they expressed more appreciation towards the cultural diversity that foreigners brought to the local society, but less support for foreign residents maintaining their own cultural traditions. In experiment 2, participants who learned that other local people perceived foreign residents as having high sociability, morality or competence showed more appreciation towards cultural diversity and more support for maintaining such diversity. Furthermore, in both experiments, perceived anxiety played a mediating role in how indirect trait-related information affected local people's support for maintaining cultural diversity. Lastly, possible explanations for some unexpected findings and implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a multicultural field experience for pre-service teachers in China. Allowing pre-service teachers to work directly with multicultural students in multicultural contexts, the multicultural field experience was found to impact positively on pre-service teachers' culturally responsive teaching (CRT) beliefs and practices. Implications for initial teacher education are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the World Refugee Day in 2017, Yao Chen, a Chinese actress, philanthropist, and social media influencer, posted messages in her Weibo in support of the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Yet, social media users quickly interpreted this supportive message of the refugee program as encouraging people to "accept and receive refugees" (jieshou nanmin) into China. Particularly, the category of Middle Eastern refugees elicited most criticism in China's cyberspace. As the inclusion of refugees is an integral part of immigrant multiculturalism, this article examines the limits of multicultural imagination of refugees--particularly those from the Middle Eastern and North Africa--in contemporary China. I argue that the limits of multicultural imagination in contemporary China is profoundly shaped by an intricate interweaving of domestic policies and global imaginaries toward refugees. By deploying a mixed methodology, such limits are examined from legal-institutional, ideological, and sociocultural perspectives. More specifically, three interrelated aspects will be highlighted in the article: (1) the global circulation of right-wing populism imaginaries, and their entanglements with the anti-Muslim sentiments in contemporary China; (2) the current insufficiency of the legal-institutional framework regarding refugees and asylum-seekers, which needs to be contextualized in China's modern history of dealing with refugee issues; (3) population politics, the rise of Han-centric nationalism, and their constraining impact on the interpretation of historical events related to cultural diversity. In conclusion, this article also offers potential implications for further examining the different yet potentially intersected genealogies of multicultural imaginaries beyond the Middle Eastern and North African refugees in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous scholars from different fields ranging from history, political science, ethnic and cultural studies, sociology, and anthropology have discussed ethnic and racial identity issues in the People's Republic of China. Most have noted that there are competing narratives regarding the conceptions of race and ethnicity. Much of the scholarship has been based on social constructivist orientations. This essay is directed towards a merger between social constructivist and cognitive science approaches on essentialism that may open the doors for further research and investigation of this important topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant-sending states are connecting systematically with their emigrants and diasporic descendants through policies known as "diaspora strategies." Underlying diaspora strategizing are the manifold ways in which states capitalize on past migration and present mobility patterns to advance national developmental agendas. Such agendas are conceived in terms of economic and (soft) political power, respectively referred to as "diaspora-and-development" and "diaspora diplomacy." This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the diaspora strategies by China and Singapore to ask critical questions about, first, the connectivities between migrant-sending states. Doing so elicits the multidirectional migration flows that connect nation-states, showing how the diaspora outreach of one affects the other. Second, the article examines the (multi)cultural logics that underpin diaspora strategizing and its possible impacts on domestic agendas. Such an approach urges researchers to study the race/ethnicity politics that underpin diaspora strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls for complementing, modifying and 'decolonising' the conceptualisation and implementation of Diversity Education (e.g. multicultural, intercultural, and/or social justice education) are currently being heard in the 'West'. This paper explores some of the characteristics and benefits of Chinese Minzu Education as a potential addition to the field. Our starting point is that Chinese education is often misrepresented and that knowledge about diversity in China (which includes, amongst others, minority groups and Han people), and especially about how people are educated for and through it, is scarce and negatively evaluated in the 'West'. Taking a university specialising in Minzu studies as a case study (which should not be generalized to other Minzu institutions), we problematise formal and informal aspects of Minzu education that could be inspiring to, e.g. interculturalists and multiculturalists in 'Western' education. Fieldwork notes, student interviews about Minzu education and models of Minzu Diversity Learning co-constructed by Minzu students, illustrate the characteristics of Minzu education in higher education. The paper ends on a call for exploring other 'unknown' perspectives on diversity in education emerging from the so-called peripheries of the 'West'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the discourses of desire featured on the online queer reality TV program Ailaibulai. The show aired on LeTV in 2016 and was co-produced by a Chinese corporation—Blue City—that targets queer groups. This paper illuminates the hierarchized masculinities and widespread effeminophobia that are represented on the show. My analysis suggests that the show's participants use the discourse of (bu)ziran—"(un)naturality" in English—to distinguish and hierarchize masculinities through physicality, performance, and gender identification. Naturality is deemed a necessity for desirable masculinity, while perceived unnatural features marginalize participants' masculinities. It also complicates the case by defining two types of unnaturality as the results of being damaged/polluted and being polished/elevated, respectively. Unnaturality as a result of polishing natural materials can nevertheless increase sexual capital, which can be achieved through men's personal features such as a muscular physique. Additionally, this paper demonstrates how Chinese queer people contest certain types of white masculinity in the transnational context, because Ailaibulai participants only value a particular white masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Norton's conception of identity and Harré and Moghaddam's positioning theory, the current study examines how a group of Tibetan students' situated context affects their identity (re)construction in a traditionally non-multiethnic interior university in China. Drawing from interview, biographies, document, and artefact data, our findings suggest that the construction and negotiation of ethnic Tibetan students' identities is a complex, power driven, and unstable process. In particular, the participants' identity positioning at the host university is inextricably linked to stereotypical images of Tibetans, linguistic integration in the interior academic environment via English, Putonghua, and Tibetan language, and larger institutional practices. Tangible pedagogical implications are discussed, such as providing critical multicultural and multilingual education at the university are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speculative fiction has long escaped the label of 'frivolous' literature, garnering respect in its continuous urge towards self-reflection through contrastive narratives. Given that the created languages of fiction, regardless of genre, are written with the overt purpose of being analyzed as intrinsic constituents of the fictional universes to which they belong, the intention behind created languages strips the narrative of an organic language development component, thus leaving behind only a language imbued with purpose reflected in the paradigm, the shifting syntax, vocabulary, and word choice, which aims to aid in the fleshing out of the fictional universe in which it resides. The present paper aims to analyze the language of the Ariekei (known as Language) in China Miéville's Embassytown and the implications presented by the occurrence of a language functioning within the parameters of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and the strain it poses on the interaction between cultures. As this paper is part of a doctoral thesis, the scope of the paper is restrained, to account for the present limitations. As such, the analysis will aim to highlight the main aspects of Language and Host culture and perception, and how these elements interact with the perceived notion of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their essay on East Meets West, Chen and Miller argue that the relational philosophy rooted in the East and in particular China has much to offer for managers in both the East and the West. They suggest, however, that managers must avoid dangerous extremes and that an "ambicultural" approach that combines elements of Eastern and Western philosophies is likely to be far more effective than either approach in isolation. This commentary challenges some of Chen and Miller's contextual assumptions about the East versus the West. At the same time, it also lends support to their central tenet—that is, the imperative for an ambicultural approach. I do this by providing an in-depth analysis of the two contrasting philosophies (the relational and the transactional perspectives) and note that, while each approach has major advantages, each also suffers from some serious—almost pathological—limitations. Importantly, however, the advantages and limitations of the two approaches complement each other. Thus, an integrated approach has the potential to significantly mitigate the hazards associated with either approach in isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the caries status and oral health-related behaviors of three- to five-year-old Chinese children by their ethnic background, and to identify potential determinants of caries experience. Materials and Methods: Across-sectional survey was undertaken in a multi-ethnic province (Guangxi) in Southern China. Representative samples of preschool children from two ethnic groups (Han and an ethnic minority Zhuang: 487 Han and 470 Zhuang children) were examined using decayed, missing, filled teeth/surface (dmft/dmfs) indices. The children's general information as well as their personal oral hygiene practices and dietary habits were collected based on a structured questionnaire. Results: Overall, 60% of children had caries with a mean dmft value of 3.01. Zhuang children had a significantly higher prevalence of rampant caries (13% vs. 9%), mean dmft (3.36 vs. 2.66) and mean dmfs (5.10 vs. 3.76) than the Han children. Decayed teeth/surfaces dominated the dmft/dmfs indices for both Han and Zhuang children. Multiple regression analysis showed that ethnicity and drinking fruit juice from feeding bottles during babyhood were significantly related to dmft. Conclusion: There was a higher level of caries experience in the Zhuang ethnic minority than in Han preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the pessimistic Chinese cosmopolitanism. It cites the film "The World," directed by Jia Zhangke, whose story revolves around the contrast between the celebratory, multicultural cosmopolitan life on stage and the poor lives of exploited migrant workers off the stage. The author informs that pessimism is depicted in the film, which complicates the optimistic discourse of cosmopolitism in contemporary China.

During the past decades, studies of acculturation and ideology have received great attention in social psychology, especially among western countries. But few such investigations have been conducted in Asia. In this study, we measured personal and normative support of three intergroup ideologies in the context of mainland China, and explored their mediating roles between social dominance orientation and prejudice. Surveys were conducted among 158 Chinese university students in Hangzhou, China. Results of the present study showed that the dominant societal ideology among Chinese respondents was multiculturalism, rather than assimilation or colorblindness. Moreover, based on the proposition that support for different ideologies was likely to have different effects in different countries, mediation model of personal support for ideologies was examined in the current context. As revealed, when the social norms were salient, personal support for multiculturalism mediated the relationship between social dominance orientation and prejudice, while personal support for assimilation or colorblindness did not. The present study provided additional evidence to the previous theory, implications and suggestions were further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving foreign human and financial capital through landed property is not a new phenomenon in Sydney. It is a recurring geopolitical strategy that is replete with intercultural tension and deep colonial roots. In contemporary Australia, there is an assumption in public policy and media rhetoric that there is a high level of public concern about foreign investment. However, there is little empirical data that examines public perceptions. In this study, we are interested in whether the dominant voices in this debate represent broad public views about this issue. We sought to fill this gap by conducting a survey of almost 900 Sydney residents, looking at their perceptions of foreign and Chinese investment. We find high levels of public concern and discontent about foreign investment amongst Sydneysiders, with Chinese investors being a key target of this discontent. In the context of high housing prices in Sydney, there were widely held concerns about housing affordability. Survey respondents had a sophisticated understanding of what influences house prices, but with an overemphasis on the role of foreign investment. There is a general lack of support for policy that encourages foreign investment, and a lack of confidence in how the government is regulating foreign investment. Half of our participants reported that they would not welcome Chinese foreign investment in their suburb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay initiates elements of a Daoist stance as regards the basic assumptions and principles involved in debates on multiculturalism. This is to be achieved via an examination of Z hang Taiyan's 章太炎 mid-term political philosophy, which is shaped by his interpretation and further development of Daoist thinking, especially the notion of no-thing and the idea of 'achieving equality by leaving things uneven' ( buqi er qi 不齊而齊). After explicating the basic tenets that point toward a Daoist stance on what is now called multiculturalism, I discuss Zhang's concrete proposals concerning the relation between the Han 漢 lineage and the other four major ethnic groups in the to-be-established Republic of China. I then investigate Zhang's unique theory of the state. Lastly, I explore the discordance in Z hang Taiyan's thinking despite his privileging of Laozi 老子 and Zhuangzi's 莊子 ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ways in which the ethnic minority group the Tujia in Enshi, China, engages with heritage tourism, as a complex project of designing authenticity. Authenticity is taken as part of the chronotopic phenomena of identity making: the complex interplay of multiple, nonrandom timespace frames of discourses and semiotic performances which condition and offer new potentials to the meanings of authenticity. We show ethnographically the chronotopic nature of the local production of "authentic" heritage for tourism in Enshi. This leads to a historical grounding of the Tujia in China's nationbuilding and state politics of multiculturalism, which uncovers the anxiety of inauthenticity experienced by the Tujia in Enshi with their own minority status and cultural heritage, as well as their strategic chronotopic incorporation of both "authentic" and "inauthentic" aspects of local identity practices into a new order of authenticity afforded by heritage tourism as a form of new economy. Through such practices, we argue, the Tujia in Enshi chronotopically shift away from the periphery towards a new and reconfigured center of meaning-making, although this reappropriation of authenticity still must be understood within the "cunning of recognition" scheme, i.e. within the constraints of late modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors designed a qualitative, multiple case study that employed the photovoice method to explore how enculturation is experienced by three Chinese adolescents living with their families in a nonethnically dense cultural community. A total of 18 one-on-one interviews were conducted with three youth and their parents. Photos were also used as elicitation tools to understand the meaning of enculturation for each individual. Case descriptions of each adolescent are presented, followed by five cross-case themes: (a) Self-Identifying as Chinese, (b) Parental Strictness, (c) Multiple Groups of Comparison, (d) (Not) Having a Chinese Community, and (e) Messages to Excel. The findings provide a descriptive understanding of how adolescent enculturation is shaped by the family, community, and their intersections. Implications for research and practice, such as the continued need to understand enculturation as a dynamic phenomenon and process, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representations of dancing minorities have often been viewed in contemporary Chinese studies as examples of a broader discursive practice of “internal Orientalism,” a concept developed by anthropologists in the mid-1990s, based on fieldwork conducted in the 1980s and early 1990s. A historical examination of state-sponsored minority dance in the early PRC (1949–54) suggests that internal Orientalism may not be a generalizable explanatory framework for minority dance and its relationship to PRC nationality discourse. During a time when external military threats to the nascent PRC loomed large, long-standing ethnic stereotypes were perceived as a vulnerability to national security and targeted for reform through new policies of state multiculturalism. Thus, rather than portraying minorities as exotic, erotic, and primitive, early PRC dance constructed minorities as models of cultural sophistication, civility, and respectability. Likewise, rather than envisioning a developmental hierarchy between Han and minority dance, national performing arts institutions established during this period constructed Han and minority dance as parallel modes of ethnic performance categorized together as a new genre, “Chinese folk dance.” [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]