Search

Firstly, the current situation of China's current marine science and technology talent ecological chain was analyzed, and then the problems in talent training were discussed. Finally, countermeasures to improve the talent ecological chain were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having number of scientific research institutions, number of scientific researchers, and new product R&D expenses as the input indices of R&D performance and new product sales revenue, number of patent application, and number of valid patents as the output indices, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied in this study to calculate the input and output based technical efficiency of five categories of industries in high-tech industry in China. Besides, the projection analysis is combined for the empirical research. The results reveal that, under the same scientific research output rate, the inputs of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry are comparatively higher than those of the other four industries that it requires further optimization. Finally, targeting suggestions are proposed according to the research conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructed an accurate employee satisfaction factors model for measuring employee satisfaction. An employee satisfaction scale with 30 indicators is designed and tested in Chinese Resource-based State-owned Enterprises. Satisfaction surveys are administered and first-hand data of 3,029 respondents are obtained from 27 units. Exploratory factor analysis is used for extracting four employee satisfaction factors from final 29 satisfaction indicators. The four factors are attributed to the culture, job, management, and welfare of the enterprises. Job positions and education level are found to have significant impacts affecting employee satisfaction. Influences of the four factors are discussed with suggestions made to the management. In future research, the relationship between satisfaction, stress, and performance needs further exploration, in addition to the influence of employee stress and factors from other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China currently faces increasingly serious social conflicts. In the past, China's approach to resolving social conflicts was 'social management'. Now, however, it is turning to the development of 'social governance'. This change reflects the inability of government acting alone to recognise and to address comprehensively the type of social problems that require co-ordination of social forces. Our research identifies three dimensions of governance and provides a comparative framework allowing us to illuminate how social governance as conceived in China differs from that in Western countries. Under China's current conditions, the strengthening and development of social governance is a holistic process. Neither market-centrism nor state-centrism is pursued, and pure social-centrism is not the favoured direction of development; the path chosen is rather a state-led social pluralism. The implications we see for the Government are that it should first transform its own functions to achieve a substantially higher quality of public service. This would put it in a position to empower (civil) society to mobilise multiple and varied social forces to participate so that social conflict can be optimally addressed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, public policy is put into a multi-stakeholder rather than adversarial perspective: we argue that there is a role for multi-stakeholder involvement in both the development and implementation of public policy; these are separate processes that can involve different patterns of stakeholder involvement (stakeholders have different skills and levels of interest in public policy) in either one or both the development and implementation phases. We need new models, approaches and examples of such multi-stakeholder public policy, and in this Special Issue, we focus on China, where such research is only slowly emerging. We present and analyse six papers that fall naturally into three categories: (1) corporate social responsiveness and societal relationships; (2) public affairs (particularly reputation management) and citizen involvement; and (3) public-management-oriented, data-based analyses. These articles, taken together, increase our understanding of multi-stakeholder research and practice, but equally as important, they give us insights into how Chinese public policy academics research and report public policy. This window into academic research and thinking offers us an opportunity to expand and deepen our understanding of public policy and its implications for public affairs in China. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By precipitating a clustering effect and encouraging the establishment of links among firms and academic and research institutions (the so-called triple helix), science parks are expected to have both direct and indirect effects on promoting regional technological capacity. Based on a provincial-level panel dataset over the 1997–2009 period together with adopting patents as an indicator of innovative capacity, this study's empirical results show that science parks, in terms of various measures, indeed have a significantly positive impact on regional patenting. More importantly, science parks play a key role in coordinating research and development (R&D) collaboration across various R&D performers within the region and indirectly contribute to upgrading the regional technological ladder. Moreover, we find a positive innovation-enhancing effect brought about by R&D cooperation between industries and universities, rather than research institutes, highlighting both the importance and inherent problems of China's regional innovation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Knowledge of awareness, behavior and barriers to putting carbon management in place is particularly useful for policy-makers in providing favorable conditions in support of firms’ climate change adaptation measures. According to unique data from in-depth interviews with firms from the most fossil fuel-intensive industries in Fujian, China, the present study indicated that the firms were relatively well informed of the knowledge and value of carbon management, and had a strong willingness to act. Nevertheless, there was no indication of actual behavior by these firms to enact carbon management, and a striking gap existed between awareness and behavior. The results also indicated the barriers, which were categorized into structural, regulatory, contextual and cultural. These barriers and their mutually reinforcing effects hampered the process of translating awareness into actual behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper analyses the spatial configurations of knowledge networks and their overlap with spatial concentrations, such as urban agglomerations. It proposes a typology of spatial concentrations in knowledge networks, and uses data from academic coauthorships in the field of optical technology and complex network analysis to show how China's regions and research organisations are located in national and international knowledge exchanges. This spatial representation and analysis of a large- scale knowledge network provide an enhanced view of the quality of network structures. Access to different pools of knowledge is unevenly distributed, allowing some regions to combine knowledge and create learning opportunities that do not stem from a spatial concentration of activity in science, but rather from their positions in the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the limited amount of research in the realm of programme marketing in the Chinese higher education sector. Original field research examines the emergence of marketing principles and strategies with specific reference to the experience of three higher education institutions in China. The development and promotion of executive and professional education courses provides the focus for each case. The analysis considers the benefits to be gained from a more proactive and business approach to the marketing of university programmes in this field. It also explores the challenges encountered, and problematic implications for the university sector as a whole. While the case studies are informative in their own right, the research also helps to reveal and understand a number of broader issues and dilemmas relating to the marketisation and commercialisation of higher education in China and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to provide an overview of the reorientation of education in China in the period 1998–2009 with regard to development issues. During this time, the focus has shifted gradually from the environment and health to education for sustainable development. The article centres on highlighting the main interventions and strategies adopted by China’s schools to make this reorientation possible, including: the introduction of new visions of sustainable development and project planning; the establishment of organisational mechanisms and capacity-building measures for their implementation in the field; the integration of ESD into teaching and learning processes; the maintenance of an action-research mechanism for innovations; and the sharing of lessons with both the national and the international community in order to make the implementation of ESD more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a decade, 50,000 Chinese students have come to study each year in the UK, and the majority of them have since returned and settled back in China. An understanding of their return journey and how relevant their overseas learning is to their home life and work environment is a key to the re-visioning of the internationalisation of higher education in the UK. Using in-depth qualitative and narrative interviews carried out in China with eight Chinese postgraduates, this research explores these individuals' overall experience of homecoming, including what motivated them to return, their readjustments to life in China, and their perceptions of the impact of learning from studying overseas on their current life and work in China. This article looks particularly at the change in the graduates' sense of identity. The idea of intercultural identity is developed to explain the phenomenon of these returnees' emerging sense of self, one that is expansive and embraces sources of influence beyond the conventional cultural roots of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study investigates the individual differences of job seekers as the antecedents of Internet job search behaviors using the push and pull theories and theory of planned behavior. Data based on a sample of 361 Hong Kong employed individuals confirm the importance of the two dimensions of the Internet job search behaviors: job search intensity and job sources. By conducting structural equation modeling analysis, the results show that individual differences could be conceptualized as three hypothesized antecedents: motivation, opportunity and job change intention. The results also reveal that motivation is the strongest predictor of job search intensity; opportunity is the strongest predictor of job sources; job change intention is a partial mediator of Internet job search behaviors via motivation, but not via opportunity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The study examined the internationalization of 29 hospitality and tourism management programs in Guangdong Province, China. The current situation and problems of internationalization of tourism higher education were investigated from various aspects including internationalization of faculty, students, research, and exchange programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study conducted in the People's Republic of China sought to determine the managerial knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that are perceived as important for the Chinese market economy. Questionnaire responses were collected from 145 business students in 2001 (before China's WTO entry) and 141 business students in 2006 (after China's WTO entry). The identified set of eight managerial knowledge, skills, and abilities included: business area knowledge and skills, communication skills, creativity/adaptability, ethics, leadership, problem solving, teamwork, and work habits. For each time period examined, the mean score for “importance” of each KSA was significantly higher than the mean score for “presence.” The differences between the importance mean and the presence mean for each KSA was denoted as a “gap.” This study revealed that five of the eight KSAs had a significantly smaller gap in 2006 than in 2001. This suggests that the business education system in China is enabling the development of more effective managers for the Chinese market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers highlights from the recent research published writings. The scientists from the Kunming Institute of Precious Metals in Kunming, China suggested a proposal on detection of gold in precious metal alloys using a potentiometric titration method. The scientists from the University of Melbourne School of Physics in Victoria presented an investigatory project on roughness determination for surface structure and internal inhomogeneity of the thin, nano-structured and opaque materials. The scientists from the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Unidad in Ixtapalapa, Mexico featured a research study on determination of gold size particles in gold metal alloys through carbon monoxide solution, hydrogen chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) spectroscopy.

This study focuses on comparison of the importance of product-brand personality and importance of company-brand personality characteristics as well as on investigation of product-/company-brand congruity and self-image congruence on purchase intention, within the context of Chinese Mainland's automobile industry. Results reveal that product-brand personality is more significant in affecting purchase intention than company-brand personality. Furthermore, it is found that congruity between product-brand personality and company-brand personality acts as a moderating variable between product-/company-brand personality and purchase intention. Of equal importance, it is found that self-image congruence with product-/company-brand personality positively affects purchase intention, at a statistically significant level, and plays a moderating role between product-/company-brand personality and purchase intention. Implications for research, as well as for business practices, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Credit scoring has become a critical and challenging management science issue, as the credit industry has been facing fiercer competition in recent years. Many methods have been suggested to tackle this problem in the literature. In this paper, we proposed hybrid support vector machine technique based on three strategies: (1) using CART to select input features, (2) using MARS to select input features, (3) using grid search to optimize model parameters. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid SVM model, one credit card dataset provided by a local bank in China is used in this study. Analytic results demonstrate that the hybrid SVM technique not only has the best classification rate, but also has the lowest Type II error in comparison with CART, MARS and SVM and justify the presumptions that SVM having better capability of capturing nonlinear relationship among variables. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study that examines the Chinese scientific literature on HIV/AIDS and parasites between 1986 and 2006 in order to highlight neglected research areas, and to substantiate or refute claims that it has been neglected. It notes that interactions between HIV and other infective agents, including parasites, which influence the health status of people living with HIV/AIDS has long been recognized. It identifies a total of 24,511 citations dealing with HIV/AIDS and 15,398 parasite-specific publications in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). It suggests a need to enhance research in the field of opportunistic parasitic infections and parasitology in general.

The study examines the features and process of social work supervision in Hong Kong. A successful client outcome is the main objective, but supervisors perceive supervision as a rational and systematic process, whereas supervisees expect emotional support and teamwork. The supervisory relationship is both personal and professional. Tension is reduced by the traditional Chinese cultural values of reciprocity: qing, yuan, and 'face'. The strategy of using supervisory authority is 'consensus by consultation and consent' - which reduces conflict and gains acceptance. The journey of this study charts the interactions among my personal, professional, and academic identities. In order to conduct the research, I have to be more 'academic'. However, without my professional experience, I could not interpret the information in a meaningful manner. When I reviewed the data on the effects of traditional Chinese values, my personal self was reminded that I am also Chinese and that I share these beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]