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This paper selected administration and public services, residential areas, roads, green space, parking areas, industrial areas and commercial and business facilities in Wuxi city, China, to analyze the characteristics of pollution accumulation, wash-off and potential risk areas of pollutants over different urban land uses and pavement surface materials. Results showed that green space, residential areas and roads sequestrated higher pollutants than that of other land uses. Materials of masonry and cement pavement accumulated higher pollutant concentration than that on the marble and asphalt pavement. The potential risk areas of non-point source pollution were located in the old residential areas in the downtown region. The results of wash-off simulation showed that the first flushing effect was obvious during the initial period of rainfall. Eighty percent of the accumulative total nitrogen or total suspended solid could be washed-off during the first 25.6–50.2% period of the rainfall events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequence and timing are critical for understanding the geologic evolution. Here we performed detailed crater size-frequency distribution measurements within the Von Kármán crater, where China's Chang'E-4 (CE-4) mission landed, and its surroundings including Alder and Finsen craters, to understand the geologic evolution of the landing zone. The formation time of Von Kármán crater was estimated to be ~ 4. 2 - 0. 03 + 0. 03 Ga, approaching the age of South Pole-Aitken basin. Three major layers under the landing site were dated: The ejecta from Alder crater was considered to be ~ 3. 5 - 0. 2 + 0. 01 Ga old, belonging to Imbrian. The floor of Von Kármán crater was divided into mare basalt units and Finsen ejecta unit based on spectral differences. Two mare basalt units were estimated to be ~ 3. 2 - 0. 1 + 0. 07 and 3. 3 - 0. 2 + 0. 08 Ga old (Imbrian), respectively, while Finsen crater and its ejecta, where CE-4 landed, were estimated to be ~ 3. 1 - 0. 5 + 0. 3 Ga (Eratosthenian). The chronological sequence established above indicates that the CE-4 landing zone has experienced a very complex evolutionary history. • The chronological sequence of the Chang'E-4 landing zone was established. • Von Kármán crater was estimated to be ~4.2 Ga old, belonging to pre-Nectarian. • The Chang'E-4 landing zone was estimated to be ~3.1 Ga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is crucial for hydrological modeling. However, precipitation products based on a single source have their advantages and disadvantages. How to effectively combine the advantages of different precipitation datasets has become an important topic in developing high-quality precipitation products internationally in recent years. This paper uses the measured precipitation data of Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) and in situ rainfall observation in the Taihu Lake Basin, as well as the longitude, latitude, elevation, slope, aspect, surface roughness, distance to the coastline, and land use and land cover data, and adopts a two-step method to achieve precipitation fusion: (1) downscaling the MSWEP source precipitation field using the bilinear interpolation method and (2) using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method and tri-cube function weighting method to achieve fusion. Considering geographical and human activities factors, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation errors in MSWEP is detected. The fusion of MSWEP and gauge observation precipitation is realized. The results show that the method in this paper significantly improves the spatial resolution and accuracy of precipitation data in the Taihu Lake Basin.