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Chronic diseases are associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. However, the mechanism of this relation is not clear. In this study, we explored the mediating role of instrumental activities of daily living and the moderating role of area of residence in the relationship between chronic diseases and depression. The data was from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. Results showed that chronic diseases were positively correlated with depression, and negatively associated with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Moreover, IADLs mediated the relationship between chronic diseases and depression. In addition, area of residence (rural/urban) moderated the relation between IADLs and depression, such that this negative relation was stronger for old adults lived in rural area than for urban area. These results have important significance for prevention and intervention of depression in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Less information is available about the temporal relationship between depression in the elderly and cognitive decline. In the current study, we (1) evaluated the temporal association between depression and cognitive decline in older adults over a 4-year period; (2) indicated which cognitive domains have a strong temporal relationship with depression.Methods: Using data from China Family Panel Studies, we examined the relationship between depression and cognition among adults aged 65 and older with a cross-lagged design.Results: The results showed that initial depression affected subsequent cognitive function, especially immediate and delayed recall, but that cognition decline did not predict depression over time.Conclusion: The findings suggest that depression precedes cognitive decline in older adults, which is of great significance for the future research of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the spatiotemporal nitrate retention in streambed is essential for developing management practices in reducing nitrate enrichment. However，the process of nitrate change in the profile of streambed at an elevated nitrate across a watershed scale is still not sufficiently investigated. In this study, we used a combination of hydraulic and hydro‐geochemistry methods to quantify total nitrate retention in streambeds of an agriculture‐intensive watershed in Central China. To conduct surface and groundwater measurements, we collected 1440 water samples for nitrate analysis from 40 shallow drilled wells during the dry and wet seasons from 2018 to 2020. The results showed a clear spatiotemporal variation of nitrate retention in streambed in the watershed. Spatially, nitrate retention in the midstream and downstream reaches was higher than that of the upstream reach. The lowest point of nitrate retention in downstream both in dry and wet seasons was at the depth of 0.75 m. While the lowest nitrate retention was found in midstream and upstream reaches, both in the dry and wet seasons at the depth between 1.5 and 2.5 m. Temporally, nitrate retention was higher in the wet season (1.56 μg N m−2d−1) than in dry season (1.41 μg N m−2d−1). DO min at 3 mg/L was found to the nitrate retention zero threshold in up and midstream. Water change fluxes and nitrate retention both have positive and negative relationship at watershed scale. Nitrate retention at the watershed scale was strongly affected by streambed lithology, precipitation, surface water ‐ groundwater exchange, and human activities. Those findings can provide reference for nitrate removal in international important agricultural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrate pollution in groundwater has become a global concern for agriculture and regional ecology. However, tracing the spatiotemporal groundwater nitrate pollution sources, calculating the total nitrogen loading, and assessing contamination at the watershed scale have not been well documented. In this study, 20 groundwater samplings from 2020 to 2021 (in dry and wet seasons) on the Yiluo River watershed in middle China were collected. Tracing groundwater nitrate pollution sources, calculating total nitrogen loading, and assessing contamination using dual isotopes (18ONO3 and 15NNO3), conservation of mass, and the nitrate pollution index (NPI), respectively. The results indicated that there were three nitrate sources in groundwater: (1) manure and sewage waste input (MSWI), (2) sediment nitrogen input (SNI), and (3) agriculture chemical fertilizer input (ACFI) in the Yiluo River watershed. ACFI and SNI were the main groundwater nitrogen pollution sources. The average nitrogen loading percentages of ACFI, SNI, and MSWI in the whole watershed were 94.7%, 4.34%, and 0.96%, respectively. The total nitrogen loading in the Yiluo River watershed was 7,256,835.99 kg/year, 4,084,870.09 kg/year in downstream areas, 2,121,938.93 kg/year in midstream areas, and 1,050,026.95 kg/year in upstream areas. Sixty percent of groundwater in the Yiluo River watershed has been polluted by nitrate. Nitrate pollution in midstream areas is more severe. Nitrite pollution was more serious in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of this study can provide useful information for watershed-scale groundwater nitrogen pollution control and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mining changes groundwater environment, results in deterioration of water quality and endangering human health in the mining area. However, the comprehensive study of groundwater evolution and its potential impact in mining area is still insufficient. In this study, 95 groundwater samples were collected from 2019 to 2020 in a typical mining area of China. Ion ratio coefficients, isotopic tracing technology, Entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) and human health risk assessment model (HHRA) were applicated to investigate the hydrochemical variation reasons, groundwater quality and its potential health risk in the study area. Results showed that the groundwater hydrochemical types changed from HCO 3 ∙SO 4 –Ca∙Mg type to SO 4 –Ca∙Mg and SO 4 ∙Cl–Ca∙Mg type. Water-rock interaction, agricultural activities, manure and sewage input, precipitation and evaporation controlled the groundwater hydrochemical composition. Groundwater quality showed a trend of fluctuation with an average EWQI of 59.23, 68.92, 63.75, 58.02 and 64.92, respectively. 91.6% of the water samples was fair and acceptable for drinking. The groundwater health risk of nitrate in the study area ranged from 0.03 to 17.80. Infants had the highest health risk and nitrate concentration was the most sensitive parameter. The results will present a comprehensive research of groundwater evolution and potential impacts through a typical mining area example. Thereby offering valuable insights into the influencing factors identification, hydrochemical processes evolution, protection and utilization of groundwater in global mining areas. • Groundwater types changed from HCO 3 ∙SO 4 –Ca∙Mg to SO 4 –Ca∙Mg and SO 4 ∙Cl–Ca∙Mg. • Calcite, dolomite, feldspar, halite and gypsum dissolution occurred in the aquifer. • Agricultural and mining activities, manure or sewage input influenced water quality. • Most of the groundwater samples are acceptable for drinking. • The human health risk of nitrate was high in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface water resources of the Dingbian Plain in China are limited because of the arid nature of the climate, and consequently, the local population relies on groundwater for water supply. The present study was carried out to assess the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater of both Quaternary strata and Cretaceous strata, which form the crucial aquifer for water supply. Groundwater samples from phreatic and semi-confined aquifers in the area are alkaline and their overall hardness is high. The following main ion concentrations were found in descending order: cations: Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+; anions: SO42− > Cl− > HCO3− > NO3−. Na+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42− primarily originate from the evaporative concentration of rainfall recharge and the dissolution of sulfate minerals, Ca2+, Mg2+, F−, and HCO3− originate from the dissolution of fluorite and carbonate minerals, and NO3− originates from artificial pollution. The chemical types of groundwater in the study area are SO4·Cl–Ca·Mg type, SO4·Cl–Na type, HCO3–Na type, and HCO3–Ca·Mg type. The influence of water–rock interaction on water chemistry characteristics exceeds 78.52%, and the influence of artificial pollution is 10.75%. Rock weathering, evaporation, and concentration are the main formative factors of groundwater chemical characteristics during water–rock interaction. F− and Cr(VI) in groundwater are the main chemical constituents associated with health concerns, and residents of different age groups face different risks: For F−, teenagers > children > adults; for Cr(VI), children < teenagers < adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial source tracking (MST) technology represents an innovative approach employed to trace fecal contamination in environmental water systems. The performance of primers may be affected by amplification techniques, target primer categories, and regional differences. To investigate the influence of these factors on primer recognition performance, a meta-analysis was conducted on the application of MST in water environments using three databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed (n = 2291). After data screening, 46 studies were included in the final analysis. The investigation encompassed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)/quantitative PCR (qPCR) methodologies, dye-based (SYBR)/probe-based (TaqMan) techniques, and geographical differences of a human host-specific (HF183) primer and other 21 additional primers. The results indicated that the primers analyzed were capable of differentiating host specificity to a certain degree. Nonetheless, by comparing sensitivity and specificity outcomes, it was observed that virus-based primers exhibited superior specificity and recognition capacity, as well as a stronger correlation with human pathogenicity in water environments compared to bacteria-based primers. This finding highlights an important direction for future advancements. Moreover, within the same category, qPCR did not demonstrate significant benefits over conventional PCR amplification methods. In comparing dye-based and probe-based techniques, it was revealed that the probe-based method's advantage lay primarily in specificity, which may be associated with the increased propensity of dye-based methods to produce false positives. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the HF183 primer was not detected in China, Canada, and Singapore respectively, indicating a low likelihood of regional differences. The variation among the 21 other primers may be attributable to regional differences, sample sources, detection techniques, or alternative factors. Finally, we identified that economic factors, climatic conditions, and geographical distribution significantly influence primer performance. [Display omitted] • Meta-analysis for primers and impact factors to their recognition performance. • Viruses-based primers showed a better specificity and recognition ability. • Regional differences of HF183 was not observed in China, Canada, and Singapore. • The influence factors from sample to environment of 21 primers had been listed. • Meta-analysis of economy, climate, and geographic zone on the primers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Poyang Lake reached light eutropher in 2018. • Industrial sewage, manure and agricultural input were main anthropogenic inputs. • Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers influenced trophic level. • Land use change influenced Poyang Lake eutrophication. Human activities have become one of the vital influence factors resulting in eutrophication in the large fresh water lake. However, few studies have been conducted in a large fresh water lake basin to research the influence of industrial and agricultural activities on lake eutrophication through a systematic hydrogeochemical perspective. In this study, 36 samplings were collected in dry and wet season from 2017 to 2018 in China's largest fresh water lake (Poyang Lake). Hydrogeochemical methods (comprehensive trophic level index, entropy-weighted water quality index, ion ratio coefficient, land use/cover change analysis) and hydrogeochemical reverse simulation were used to investigate the anthropogenic causes of lake eutrophication. The results showed that the trophic level index of Poyang Lake increased from 46.08 to 56.38 and achieved the light eutropher level. Ion ratio coefficient analysis revealed the influence of industrial sewage, manure input and agricultural input on the lake. Reverse simulation results showed the urea increased 5.244e-5 mmol/l and the calcium superphosphate decreased 1.554e-8 mmol/l in dry season. While the urea decreased 3.719e-5 mmol/l and the calcium superphosphate decreased 5.381e-7 mmol/l in wet season. Additionally, the cultivated land and construction land area increased 74.4 km2 and 46.31 km2 from 2017 to 2018, which aggravated the eutrophication. TN/TP also affected water quality in Poyang Lake. These results will be helpful to reveal the anthropogenic influence on eutrophication in large fresh water lakes so that put forward targeted treatment measures. Providing the reference for water resources utilization and pollution control in the similar large fresh water lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Acute postsurgical pain is common and has potentially negative long-term consequences for patients. In this study, we evaluated effects of presurgery sociodemographics, pain experiences, psychological influences, and surgery-related variables on acute postsurgical pain using logistic regression vs classification tree analysis (CTA). Design The study design was prospective. Setting This study was carried out at Chongqing No. 9 hospital, Chongqing, China. Subjects Patients (175 women, 84 men) completed a self-report battery 24 hours before surgery (T1) and pain intensity ratings 48–72 hours after surgery (T2). Results An initial logistic regression analysis identified pain self-efficacy as the only presurgery predictor of postoperative pain intensity. Subsequently, a classification tree analysis (CTA) indicated that lower vs higher acute postoperative pain intensity levels were predicted not only by pain self-efficacy but also by its interaction with disease onset, pain catastrophizing, and body mass index. CTA results were replicated within a revised logistic regression model. Conclusions Together, these findings underscored the potential utility of CTA as a means of identifying patient subgroups with higher and lower risk for severe acute postoperative pain based on interacting characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infection curve of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) using the back-projection method was reconstructed for the SARS outbreak period (from March 1, 2003 to June 20, 2003) in Beijing to assess the effectiveness of the intervention measures. There were 2,521 confirmed SARS cases with a population size of 13 million. The SARS outbreak pattern corresponded well with the major events timeline over the SARS outbreak. Despite the limited resources with such a large population size, the intervention measures taken by the Beijing Municipal Government seemed to be effective in containing the SARS epidemic in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Beijing, China, experienced the world's largest outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beginning in March 2003, with the outbreak resolving rapidly, within 6 weeks of its peak in late April. Little is known about the control measures implemented during this outbreak. Objective: To describe and evaluate the measures undertaken to control the SARS outbreak. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data were reviewed from standardized surveillance forms from SARS cases (2521 probable cases) and their close contacts observed in Beijing between March 5, 2003, and May 29, 2003. Procedures implemented by health authorities were investigated through review of official documents and discussions with public health officials. Main Outcome Measures: Timeline of major control measures; number of cases and quarantined close contacts and attack rates, with changes in infection control measures, management, and triage of suspected cases; and time lag between illness onset and hospitalization with information dissemination. Results: Health care worker training in use of personal protective equipment and management of patients with SARS and establishing fever clinics and designated SARS wards in hospitals predated the steepest decline in cases. During the outbreak, 30 178 persons were quarantined. Among 2195 quarantined close contacts in 5 districts, the attack rate was 6.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%-7.3%), with a range of 15.4% (95% CI, 11.5%-19.2%) among spouses to 0.36% (95% CI, 0%-0.77%) among work and school contacts. The attack rate among quarantined household members increased with age from 5.0% (95% CI, 0%-10.5%) in children younger than 10 years to 27.6% (95% CI, 18.2%-37.0%) in adults aged 60 to 69 years. Among almost 14 million people screened for fever at the airport, train stations, and roadside checkpoints, only 12 were found to have probable SARS. The national and municipal governments held 13 press conferences about SARS. The time lag bet... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic on campus, universities in outbreak areas in China can implement closed-loop management. Objects: This study aimed to explore the relationship between mindfulness and mental health of college students under closed-loop management. Measures: 11,939 college students from a university in Changsha, China participated in the online survey during the closed-loop management period. The Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Cognitive Reappraisal, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire were administered to the college students. Results: We found that mindfulness was negative association with mental health during the closed-loop management period. Perceived stress mediated the relationship between mindfulness and mental health. Cognitive reappraisal moderated the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress. Specifically, when the level of mindfulness is the same, individuals with more cognitive reappraisal tend to experience a less perceived stress. Conclusion: The results of this study are of great significance to improve the mental health of college students during closed-loop management period. • Research conducted during closed-loop management period in universities • A large sample of 11,542 college students • Anxiety and depression levels were higher during the closed-loop management period. • The mediating role of perceived stress between mindfulness and mental health • The moderating role of cognitive reappraisal between mindfulness and perceived stress [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between groundwater and surface water, including their recharge relationship and ratio, is crucial for water cycling, management, and pollution control. However, accurately estimating their spatiotemporal interaction at the watershed scale remains challenging. In this study, we used dual stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H, d-excess , and lc-excess) and hydrochemistry methods to rethink spatiotemporal interaction at the Yiluo River watershed in central China. We collected 20 groundwater and 40 surface water samples over four periods in two seasons (dry and wet). Our results showed that in the downstream region, groundwater recharged surface water in the dry season while surface water recharged groundwater in the wet season, with average recharge ratios of 89.82% and 90.02%, respectively. In the midstream region, surface water recharged groundwater in both seasons with average ratios of 93.79% and 91.35%. In contrast, in the upstream region, groundwater recharged surface water in both seasons with ratios of 67.35% and 76.89%. Seasonal changes in the recharge relationship between surface water and groundwater in the downstream region also been found. Our findings provide valuable insights for watershed-scale water resource and pollution management. Title Comprehensive dual isotopes and hydrogeochemistry method to rethink the interaction between groundwater and surface water at watershed scale. [Display omitted] • Study on spatiotemporal interaction at surface water-groundwater system at watershed-scale. • Using dual isotopes and hydro-geochemistry to analysis Groundwater-surface water interaction. • Recharge style changing in different seasons in Yiluo River watershed. • Groundwater and surface water interaction displayed significant seasonal variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Runoff forecasting is extremely important for various activities of water pollution research and agricultural. Data-driven models have been proved an effective approach in predicting daily runoff when combining deep learning methods (DLM). However, predicting accuracy of daily runoff still need improved. Here, we firstly proposed a combined model of Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Residual Network (ResNet) and compared with one shallow learning method (Back Propagation Neural Network, BPNN) and one deep learning method (GRU) with data from 2010 to 2020 in three stations in daily runoff forecasting in the Yiluo River watershed. The results showed that the combined model with precipitation data and runoff data as input has the highest prediction accuracy (NSE = 0.9325, 0.8735, 0.9186, respectively). Input data with precipitation have higher prediction accuracy than that without. The performance of the model was better in the dry season than the wet season. The topographic and geomorphic factors may also the main factors affecting runoff forecast. Those results of this study can provide useful strategies to predict short runoff and manage watershed scale water resources especially in the important agriculture region., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Nitrogen-nitrate contamination has been recognized as the main threaten to the large lake surrounding with the intensive agriculture activities. However, there are still insufficient studies on the interannual evolution of nitrogen-nitrate, source and its impact on the environment and human health in the large fresh water lake. In this study, 248 samplings were collected in Poyang Lake from 2013 to 2018, multi-methods (mathematical statistics method, grey correlation analysis, person correlation analysis and human health risk assessment) to investigate the spatiotemporal variations, impact factors and potential health risks of NO 2 - -N, NO 3 - -N and NH 4 + -N. The results showed that the middle region had the highest NO 2 - concentration (mean 0.04μg/l), the northern region had the highest NO 3 - concentration (mean 1.12 mg/l), and the southern region had the highest NH 4 + concentration (mean 0.48 mg/l). For NO 3 - and NH 4 + , the concentration was higher than in the wet season. While the concentration of NO 2 - had the reverse trend. Grey correlation analysis and person correlation analysis results indicate that nitrogen fertilizer, waste water, pH, CODMn and temperature were main factors affecting the nitrogen concentration in Poyang Lake. Health risk assessment results revealed that potential hazards in the study area were acceptable (HR < 1). NO 3 - provided the highest health risks, and oral ingestion is the major source of local nitrogen health risk. Those results can provide the reference for developing the treatment methods of the international large freshwater lake., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The reference value of urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) has racial disparities. The ACR reference value in a healthy Beijing population is reported., Methods: A reference Beijing population was sampled via a multistage, clustered complex sampling method. By excluding subjects with self-reported kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, obesity or underweight condition, overt proteinuria, hematuria, or pyuria, as well as those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 200ml/min/1.73m2 or < 60ml/min/1.73m2, apparently healthy subjects (1260 males, 2305 females, aged 18-84y) were selected to be included in the current analysis. Urine albumin was measured using the immunoturbidimetic method, creatinine was measured using Jaffe's kinetic method on a morning spot-urine sample, and ACR was calculated. The 95th percentile of ACR was used as the normal upper limit. The association between ACR and each of gender, age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, serum glucose, lipids, and eGFR was examined., Results: The normal upper limit of ACR was 14mg/g (1.58mg/mmol) for males and 20mg/g (2.26mg/mmol) for females. Females had higher ACR values than males, and age, systolic blood pressure, and eGFR were positively correlated with ACR., Conclusions: The ACR reference value in the healthy Beijing population is lower than that of the Western population. Age, systolic blood pressure, and eGFR were found to correlate with ACR.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a serious worldwide public health problem, but data from developing countries are extremely limited., Study Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting and Participants: A representative sample of 13,925 adults in Beijing, China., Predictors: Age (18 to 39, 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and >70 years), sex, urban or rural area, history of chronic respiratory infection and cardiovascular disease, hepatitis B virus infection, smoking, family history (diabetes, hypertension, and CKD), nephrotoxic medications, central obesity, diabetic and hypertension status, and dyslipidemia., Outcomes and Measurements: CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or markers of kidney damage. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by using calibrated serum creatinine level and a formula specific for China. Persistent albuminuria and hematuria were considered markers of kidney damage., Results: The prevalence of CKD in adults in Beijing was 13.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9 to 14.2). It therefore was estimated that the number of adults in Beijing with CKD was 1.43 million. In subjects aged 18 to 39, 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and older than 70 years, prevalences of CKD were 10.0% (95% CI, 8.9 to 11.3), 14.2% (95% CI, 13.0 to 15.4), 20.8% (95% CI, 18.1 to 23.9), and 30.5% (95% CI, 26.6 to 34.7), respectively. Factors independently associated with decreased kidney function included older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.22 per 10-year increase), nephrotoxic medications (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.97), rural area (versus urban area; OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.78), history of cardiovascular disease (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.38), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 40 mg/dL (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.39 to 6.51), and hypertension status (with duration > 10 years; OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.88)., Limitations: Kidney function and indicators of kidney damage were based on single measurements., Conclusions: CKD is a public health burden in Beijing.

The largest outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) struck Beijing in spring 2003. Multiple importations of SARS to Beijing initiated transmission in several healthcare facilities. Beijing's outbreak began March 5; by late April, daily hospital admissions for SARS exceeded 100 for several days; 2,521 cases of probable SARS occurred. Attack rates were highest in those 20-39 years of age; 1% of cases occurred in children <10 years. The case-fatality rate was highest among patients >65 years (27.7% vs. 4.8% for those 20-64 years, p < 0.001). Healthcare workers accounted for 16% of probable cases. The proportion of case-patients without known contact to a SARS patient increased significantly in May. Implementation of early detection, isolation, contact tracing, quarantine, triage of case-patients to designated SARS hospitals, and community mobilization ended the outbreak.