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This study investigated learning adaptability in the English language academic engagement of 17,341 middle school students from 17 provinces (cities) in China. We used the following scales in our study: learning adaptability, foreign language classroom anxiety, English learning self-efficacy, and English academic engagement. Our research resulted in two key findings. First, learning adaptability positively predicted English academic engagement. Second, foreign language anxiety and English learning self-efficacy played separate and sequential mediating roles between learning adaptability and English language academic engagement. These findings indicated that learning adaptability, foreign language anxiety, and English learning self-efficacy play key roles in Chinese middle school students' English academic engagement. Therefore, in order to improve the level of middle school students' English academic engagement, teachers and parents can carry out educational activities by cultivating student's learning adaptability, reducing their foreign language anxiety, and improving their English learning self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the present situation of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections among obstetrics and gynecological outpatients in southwest China.Methods: A total of 3225 urogenital swabs were included in this study. All swabs were tested by RNA-based simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) methods. Routine analysis of leucorrhea smear and drug susceptibility were performed in UU positive patients.Results: Of these 3225 outpatients, the positive rate was 27.07% for UU, 4.99% for CT, 3.10% for MG, and 0.09% for NG. UU, CT, and MG infections were more common in women of reproductive age (aged 25-34 years), while NG infection was more prominent in women aged 30-34 years and over 40 years. Overall, the infection rate of UU was significantly higher than that of the other three infections, and UU also played a major role even in the mixed infections. 65.07% of the UU positive patients had negative results on routine leucorrhea smear analysis, and the remaining patients may have bacterial vaginitis (15.79%), fungal vaginitis (11.48%), trichomonas vaginitis (0.96%) or other vaginal inflammation (6.70%). We have observed that maternal UU infection can lead to low birth weight, neonatal pneumonia, and premature delivery. The results of the drug susceptibility test of UU showed a higher sensitivity to pristinamycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, clarithromycin, and josamycin (100%, 97.0%, 96.4%, 95.9%, and 95.3%, respectively), and lower sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (2.4% and 4.7% respectively).Conclusions: This study could contribute to a better understanding of the current epidemiological features of UU, CT, MG, and NG among obstetrics and gynecological outpatients in southwest China, and thus facilitate to development of the more effective intervention, prevention, and treatment of reproductive tract infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnolia patungensis (Magnoliaceae) is an endangered tree species endemic to China. To facilitate analysis of its genetic variability, we developed novel polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers using transcriptome data. In total, 37 774 SSRs amounting to 91.52 Mb were identified from 131 132 unigenes, with the frequency of 28.81% and the average density of 2.42 kb. Mononucleotide (50.81%) and dinucleotide (34.12%) were the most abundant repeat types. We randomly selected 102 putative loci to test the amplification efficiency and the degree of polymorphism using three populations from which 15 individuals per population were sampled. The successful amplification rate was 36.27% and the polymorphism rate 12.75%. The 13 polymorphic SSR marker primers selected were used to characterize the genetic diversity of M. patungensis. A total of 40 alleles were identified for the species, ranging from 2 to 5 per locus. At the population level, the mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.9 to 2.5, and the mean observed and expected heterozygosity values from 0.308 to 0.446 and 0.304 to 0.424, respectively. Significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.286) and low gene flow (Nm = 0.627) among populations were discovered. Transferability of the markers was tested in five congeneric species. Nine loci were successfully amplified in M. dandyi, eight in M. insignis, M. fordiana and M. hookeri, and seven in M. conifera. These new EST-SSR markers will be an essential tool for the conservation of this endangered species as well as for investigating the evolutionary history for M. patungensis and its congenerics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the long-term application of wastewater to vegetable production fields, there is concern about potential health risks of heavy metals contaminating the edible parts of vegetables grown in contaminated soils in the suburban areas of Baoding City, China. The average concentration of elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated soil was the highest (153.77 mg kg), followed by Pb (38.35 mg kg), Cu (35.06 mg kg), Ni (29.81 mg kg), and Cd (0.22 mg kg) which were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than those in the reference soil. The results showed that long-term sewage irrigation had led to a growing accumulation of heavy metals in the soils, especially for Cd, Zn, and Pb. Furthermore, the concentrations of elemental Cd, Zn, and Ni in vegetables (e.g., Beassica pekinensis L., Allium fistulosum L., Spinacia oleracea L.) collected from the wastewater-irrigated soils exceeded the maximum permissible limits, and this also increased the daily intake of metals by food. However, compared with the health risk index of <1 for heavy metals, the ingestion of vegetables from the soils irrigated with sewage effluent posed a low health risk. Nevertheless, heavy metal concentrations should be periodically monitored in vegetables grown in these soils together with the implementation effective remediation technologies to minimize possible impacts on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six undescribed compounds (1-6) and twenty-three known analogues (7-29) were isolated from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. The structures of the compounds (1-29) were established through the application of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 18, 21, 22, 25, and 28 exhibited excellent anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity. The potential mechanistic pathway of 3 was also investigated, whose results indicate that compound 3 ameliorate TGF-β1 induced BEAS-2B cell injury via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Five undescribed eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, remophilanetriols E-I (1-5), along with seven known compounds (6-12) were isolated from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and their absolute configurations were determined by comparing their calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and experimental ECD spectra. The anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities of all compounds were evaluated in vitro by MTT methods, and compounds 2, 8, 10, and 12 exhibited excellent anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities. In addition, compound 2 can reduce the levels of ROS and apoptosis in TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Currently, various guidelines and documents on the prevention of pressure injuries have been published, but there are many serious lags in the actual practice in nursing homes. So some interventions are required to promote the implementation of normative practices. There was a review of preventive interventions for pressure injuries in long-term care facilities, but there is no systematic review of how to promote the implementation of preventive measures. This review aims to summarise interventions that promote the implementation of pressure injuries prevention measures in nursing homes, explore the research scope and gaps in this field and provide evidence and striving direction for global nursing homes to improve existing preventive behaviours., Methods and Analysis: This scoping review will combine the Arksey and O'Malley framework with further clarification and advice of the scoping review by Levac et al as methodological guidance. Systematic retrieval of relevant literature databases, grey literature and references included studies will be conducted. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts independently, and then screen the full text of potentially relevant articles to determine final inclusion. After that, two reviewers will extract data based on a predesigned data extraction table independently. Inductive analysis and narrative analysis will be used to collate, summarise and report the results. Finally, managers of nursing homes in China will be consulted for additional information and their viewpoints on the research findings., Ethics and Dissemination: Since the scoping review is a secondary analysis of the literature, there is no need to apply for ethical approval. Our goal is to share the results with key stakeholders to help them find the direction of effort and improve clinical practice. Therefore, dissemination plans include publication in international journals and sharing it at conferences to inform more healthcare workers about the scope and gaps of the studies., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: The fetus has no actual respiration, and the newborn begins to breathe after birth. We assume that the first breath dominantly generated by hypoxia. In this study, the changes and lowest limit of blood oxygen partial pressureof umbilical artery (PuaO 2 ) after chemoreceptor were analyzed to explore the mechanism of neonatal spontaneous breathing. Methods: With signed consent form by all fetal parents before birth, 14 newborns successfully completed the umbilical artery or vein catheterization and drawn blood according to the heartbeat. All blood samples analyzed by blood gas analyzer,calculated and analyzed the similarities and differences between umbilical vein(Puv) and umbilical artery(Pua). Results: Although we completed 14 newborns, there were only 9 cases of umbilical artery samples and 8 cases of umbilical vein samples were collected. Only 3 cases collected both Pua and Puv blood samples at the same time (see serial paper II). PuaO 2 in gradually decreased with time (heartbeat frequency), until Pua contracted after spontaneous breathing produced about 8~10 heartbeats, and then could not get enough blood samples. Only 3 newborns were able to take blood samples after spontaneous breathing for 8~10 heartbeats, and their PuaO 2 were jumped to 186.0, 137.0 and 93.8 mmHg respectively. The mean value of PuaO 2 was (25.94±6.79, 18.04~37.51)mmHg, the highest value was (29.11±6.46, 23.00~45.90)mmHg, and the lowest value was (21.34±5.54, 14.00~33.60)mmHg. Although PuvO 2 decreased gradually with time (heartbeat) too, most of them also showed the tendency of alternately rising and falling with the regularity of mother's respiration. The mean value of PuvO 2 was (53.35±21.35, 32.56~100.73)mmHg, the highest value was (90.38±48.44, 43.40~153.00)mmHg, and the lowest value was (36.96±14.90, 24.80~73.80)mmHg. Although there were large individual differences, the mean, highest and lowest values of PuvO 2 were significantly higher than those of PuaO 2 (P<0.05); although PuvCO 2 slightly lower than PuaCO 2 , it was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: PuaO 2 decreases gradually with time before spontaneous breathing after the delivered fetus as a newborn, and it induces the first inhalation to start spontaneous breathing when it reaches the threshold of triggering breathing.

Objective: In order to explore the mechanism of neonatal spontaneous breathing, the difference of oxygen and carbon dioxide between umbilical cord arteries and veins before the start of spontaneous breathing after birth has been analyzed among people. In this part, the related information is analyzed individually. Methods: After all fetal parents signed the informed consent before birth, and before the newborn was born and did not breathe, the umbilical cord was exposed as quickly as possible, and the heparinized arterial indwelling needle was inserted into the umbilical artery and umbilical vein in the direction of newborn and placenta, and then blood was taken continuously. Although dozens of mothers were selected,but only 3 cases were collected from Pua and Puv blood samplers at the same time for blood gas analysis and determination, and the differences and dynamic changes of umbilical vein and umbilical artery were calculated and analyzed. Results: In all 3 none spontaneous breathing newborns,PuvO 2 was significantly higher than PuaO 2 at the same time (P<0.01), with an average difference of (24.17±7.09) mmHg; while PuvCO 2 was significantly lower than PuaCO 2 (all P<0.01), with an average difference of (-7.67±3.70) mmHg.The difference of Puv-uaO 2 was significantly higher than those of Puv-uaCO 2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: PuaO 2 decreases gradually with time (heartbeat frequency) before spontaneous breathing after the delivered fetus as a newborn, and it induces the first inhalation to start spontaneous breathing when it reaches the threshold of triggering breathing.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a kind of chronic inflammatory condition with carbohydrate metabolism disorder. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) plays an important role in inflammatory response, but its role in GDM development remains unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between Interleukin 1beta (IL1B) rs1143623 and rs16944 polymorphisms and susceptibility to GDM.In total, 300 pregnant women with GDM and 261 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. In both groups, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1143623 and rs16944 were analyzed by using snapshot technology. IL-1β serum values were determined by ELISA.Serum IL-1β levels involvement in GDM development. According to the results, we found the association between the IL1B rs1143623 polymorphism and susceptibility to GDM. In further analysis, IL1B rs1143623 GG genotype had a higher level of total cholesterol (TCHO) and lower level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in GDM patients compared with the CC/GC genotypes. However, there were no statistically significant difference between the GDM and healthy control groups in terms of rs16944 polymorphism.Our results indicated that rs1143623 in IL1B gene may lead to GDM in the southwest of china. However, no significant difference was found between GDM and rs16944. The rs1143623 genotype may significantly impact the fat metabolism, especially the levels of TCHO and HDL. We believe that our findings will contribute to understanding of the etiology and possible novel prognostic markers for GDM.

Due to the increasing use of immunosuppressant therapy, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has become an emerging concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study of 96 hospitalized patients with PJP from January 2015 to June 2019 at three tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Southern China. Information was collected regarding patient demographics, clinical manifestations, risk factors, laboratory analyses, radiological images, and treatment outcomes. PJP infection was most commonly found in middle-aged men. Kidney diseases (35.5%) and connective tissue diseases (38.7%) were the predominant risk factors for PJP. About half of the patients (48.4%) received glucocorticoid, immunosuppressant, and/or chemotherapy in a low dose or in a short-term (< 3 months). None of the patients had previously received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for PJP prophylaxis. All patients had two or more clinical manifestations (cough, dyspnea, fever, and chest pain). Biochemical investigations of CRP, ESR, PaO 2 , LDH, and KL-6 showed that over 90% of the patients exceeded the reference range of indicators. Our analyses revealed the dominant risk factors (HIV, kidney diseases, and connective tissue diseases) and the most consistent biochemical indicators (LDH, BG, and KL-6) for PJP. Moreover, early prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment should contribute to improve the survival of these PJP patients.

Objective: To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the root of Chloranthus multistachys Pei., Methods: The compounds were isolated by column chromatography, semi-preparative thin layer chromatography and related techniques, their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses., Results: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as: lupeol (I), cycloeucalenol (II), isofragidin (III), daphnin (IV), umbelliferone (V), palmitic acid (VI), stigmasterol (VII), beta-sitosterol (VIII), beta-daucosterol (IX)., Conclusion: Except VI, all compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

The purpose of this study was to investigate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable segment-I (HVS-I) C-stretch variations and explore the significance of these variations in forensic and population genetics studies. The C-stretch sequence variation was studied in 919 unrelated individuals from 8 Chinese ethnic groups using both direct and clone sequencing approaches. Thirty eight C-stretch haplotypes were identified, and some novel and population specific haplotypes were also detected. The C-stretch genetic diversity (GD) values were relatively high, and probability (P) values were low. Additionally, C-stretch length heteroplasmy was observed in approximately 9% of individuals studied. There was a significant correlation (r=-0.961, P<0.01) between the expansion of the cytosine sequence length in the C-stretch of HVS-I and a reduction in the number of upstream adenines. These results indicate that the C-stretch could be a useful genetic maker in forensic identification of Chinese populations. The results from the Fst and dA genetic distance matrix, neighbor-joining tree, and principal component map also suggest that C-stretch could be used as a reliable genetic marker in population genetics.