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Purpose: To examine sleep disturbances in older adults in Macau and Guangzhou, China and their associated factors. Design and Methods: Four‐hundred and thirty seven subjects in Guangzhou and 244 subjects in Macau were interviewed. Findings: In total, 681 older adults participated in the study, and 27.8% reported sleep disturbance, with 43.9% in Macau and 18.8% in Guangzhou. Physical quality of life was negatively associated with sleep disturbances. Severe depressive symptoms were positively related but living in Guangzhou was negatively related to sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances are more common in Macau compared to Guangzhou. Practice Implications: Appropriate screening and treatment strategies are needed to address sleep disturbance in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An igneous hydrocarbon reservoir had been found in the Zhanhua depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. Two doleritic sills successively intruded into the immature source rock of the third member of the Shahejie Formation ( Es3). The heat released from the magma changed the mineral composition of wall rocks and accelerated the maturity of organic matter. Thin hornfels and carbargilite zones were found next to the sills. The vitrinite reflectances (% Ro) of these heated wall rocks increased to at least 1.4% near the contacts (<50 m), and accumulation of oil was found in the hornfels zone and dolerite bodies. With the aim of understanding the influence of the sills on the hydrocarbon generation process, a complex heat conduction model was used to simulate the thermal history of the organic-rich wall rocks, in which both the latent heat of crystallization of intrusions and vapourization heat of pore water in wall rocks were considered. The simulation results suggested that the cooling of each sill continued for about 0.1 Ma after its emplacement and the temperature of wall rocks was considerably raised. The peak temperature ( Tpeak) that wall rocks experienced can reach 460-650°C in the region of 10 m away from the contacts. The thermal model was qualitatively verified by comparing the experimental data of vitrinite reflectances and mineral geothermometers of the wall rocks with the simulation results. Furthermore, we modelled the hydrocarbon generation of the source rocks based on the simulated thermal history. In the region of about 100 m from the contacts, the organic matter was heated and partially transformed into hydrocarbon within only a few 1000 years, which was significantly faster than the normal burial generation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Sleep patterns and sleep problems in children are not only influenced by a large number of biological and psychologic factors but also by cultural and social factors. Little is known about similarities and differences in sleep patterns and sleep problems among children across countries. We attempted to compare sleep patterns and sleep problems among schoolchildren from 2 countries with distinctive cultural contexts: the United States and China. Methods. The data come from 2 cross-sectional surveys in 3 elementary schools of Jinan City, People's Republic of China, and 3 elementary schools from a suburban school district in southeastern New England, United States. The Chinese sample consisted of 517 elementary school children (grades 1 to 5), and the US sample consisted of 494 elementary school children (grades kinder-garten through 4). We used the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to assess children's sleep patterns and sleep problems as reported by parents. Parents of the Chinese sample completed a Chinese version of the CSHQ. Results. For children in both the US and Chinese samples, reported bedtime was delayed and sleep duration decreased with increasing age. Compared with the US children (grades 1-4), Chinese children went to bed approximately half an hour later (9:02 vs 8:27 PM) and woke up half an hour earlier (6:28 vs 6:55 AM), resulting in an average sleep duration that was 1 hour less (9.25 vs 10.15 hours). Chinese children were rated significantly higher than the US children on almost all CSHQ scales, indicating more sleep problems in Chinese children. Common sleep problems observed for all children were difficulty falling asleep, having a fear of sleeping in the dark, sleep talking, restless sleep, teeth grinding during sleep, and daytime sleepiness. Shorter daily sleep duration was associated with difficulty falling asleep, struggling at bedtime, and trouble sleeping away for the US children, and with going to... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited available data on elder abuse and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in China. This study investigated the prevalence of elder abuse in nursing homes and its associated demographic, clinical factors and QOL in Macau and Guangzhou, China. A total of 681 subjects (244 in Macau and 437 in Guangzhou) were consecutively recruited. The prevalence of elder abuse was 11.48% and 8.24% in Macau and Guangzhou, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that having a religion and depressive symptoms were independently and positively associated with elder abuse. No significant association between elder abuse and any QOL domain was found. Elder abuse is common in nursing homes in both Macau and Guangzhou. Appropriate strategies and educational programs should be developed for health professionals to reduce the risk of elder abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is a prevalent and intricate manifestation of schizophrenia (SCZ) that may be associated with distinct clinical factors and the presence of antioxidants, which relationship is unclear. The study aimed to investigate cognitive function and its influencing factors in Chinese patients with SCZ., Methods: A group of 133 patients with SCZ and 120 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was utilized to evaluate cognitive ability, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess clinical symptoms. Levels of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum albumin (ALB) and uric acid (UA) were assessed., Results: Compared with HCs, patients with SCZ exhibited lower cognitive performance as indicated by MCCB scores, including the dimensions of speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, and visual learning. In the SCZ group, total PANSS scores were negatively associated with all MCCB dimensions (all p < 0.05), except for the attention/vigilance score. The PANSS-negative and PANSS-cognitive subscores were negatively associated with speed of processing, verbal learning, and visual learning scores (all p < 0.05). The PANSS-excited subscores showed a negative correlation with working memory and visual learning scores (all p < 0.05). ALB levels significantly decreased, and their UA and SOD levels were notably elevated compared to HCs (all p < 0.05). ALB levels and PANSS-negative factors were correlated with to speed of processing, working memory, and visual learning dimensions. SOD levels were independent contributors to the attention/vigilance dimension., Conclusion: The cognitive function was decreased in SCZ. The degree of cognitive impairment was closely related to ALB, SOD levels and negative clinical symptoms., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study procedures were carried out in accordance with the Declarationof Helsinki.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affliated BrainHospital of Guangzhou Medical University, approval number: AF/SC-08/02.1. Prior to participating in the research, all participants and their guardians signed an informed consent form. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Study Objectives: To examine sleep habits, insomnia, and hypnotic use in the elderly in China., Design and Setting: A cross-sectional survey in 5 cities of Shandong, mainland China in 1997., Participants: Among 1,820 individuals aged 65 and older who were sampled, 1,679 (92.2%) were interviewed at home, including 770 men and 909 women., Measurements: Asleep and demographic questionnaire that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used for interviews., Results: Average bedtime of participants was 9:18 PM (SD = 2.2 hours), and morning rise time was 5:42 AM (SD = 1.0 hour). Reported night sleep duration was 7.1 hours (SD = 1.6) without age and sex differences. Regular napping was more common in men than in women (44.2% vs 28.0%). Of the sample, 32.9% reported frequent insomnia symptoms, and 8.9% had insomnia symptoms with daytime consequences. Multivariate analysis indicated that age 75 years and older (odds ratio = 2.0), female sex (odds ratio = 1.4), unmarried status (odds ratio = 1.7), frequent napping (odds ratio = 1.5), and poor perceived health (odds ratio, = 2.1) were associated with elevated risks for insomnia. Hypnotic use during the past month was reported by 6.5% of the sample; women were 2 times as likely as men to use hypnotics., Conclusion: Sleep patterns in Chinese elderly may be characterized by going to bed early and waking up early. Insomnia symptoms are as common among Chinese as among Western elderly. Further study is warranted to examine the association between insomnia and aging per se in Chinese elderly.

Study Objectives: This study examined the association between bed sharing, sleep habits, and sleep problems among Chinese school-aged children., Design and Setting: A questionnaire survey of school-aged children was undertaken in Jinan city, People's Republic of China, in 2001., Participants: A total of 517 elementary-school children (mean age, 10.5 years; 47.4% boys) participated in the survey., Measurements: The parents completed the Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and a number of questions that asked about bed sharing and characteristics of the family and child., Results: The prevalence of regular bed sharing in Chinese school-aged children was as high as 18.2%. The rate of bed sharing did not differ between boys and girls but significantly decreased with age from 55.8% in 7-year-olds to 7.2% in 11- to 13-year-olds. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, poor physical health of the child, and crowded housing were associated with an increased likelihood for the child's bed sharing with parents. Bedtime and total sleep duration did not significantly differ between children who shared beds and those who slept alone. Children who shared beds with their parents were reported to have more sleep anxiety and daytime sleepiness than children who slept alone. Bed sharing was not associated with parasomnias and breathing problems during sleep., Conclusions: Regular bed sharing in Chinese school-aged children was very common and significantly decreased with age. Crowded housing and poor physical health of the child increased the likelihood for children and parents to share beds. Bed sharing may exert influences on sleep quality rather than sleep quantity.