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During the republican era, China’s Central Iron and Steel Works comprised two enterprises: the Ma’anshan Central Iron and Steel Works, headquartered in Anhui Province, which served as the industrial and commercial arm of the company, and the Xiangtan Central Iron and Steel Works, located in Hunan Province, which oversaw the processing and management of natural resources for the company. The Xiangtan branch of the company has been the subject of ample research; the Ma’anshan branch, in comparison, has received little scholarly attention. This article, utilizing material housed in the China Number Two Historical Archives, in Nanjing (and just north of the city of Ma’anshan), examines that material, sifting through it to find the most valuable sources, and offers comments on how the archival collection might be used for those who wish to do more specific research. [ABSTRACT FROM CONTRIBUTOR]