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The amplification effect of anthropogenic‐biogenic interactions on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation remains debated, particularly regarding the impact of anthropogenic emissions on biogenic SOA (BSOA) formation in forests near megacities. This study concurrently measured typical biogenic and anthropogenic SOA tracers during day and night at the summit (1,690 m a.s.l.) and foot (200 m a.s.l.) of the Nanling mountains, a large subtropical forest adjacent to the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in southern China. Results revealed unexpectedly high concentrations of BSOA tracers (149.9 ± 70.5 ng m−3 at the summit and 109.7 ± 51.2 ng m−3 at the foot), surpassing those at most other background sites worldwide. Daytime BSOA tracer levels at the foot were consistent with nighttime levels, whereas the summit showed significantly higher concentrations at night. Nighttime correlations between O₃ and BSOA tracers at the summit suggest that high O₃ levels stimulate BSOA formation. Conversely, a negative correlation between O₃ and isoprene derived SOA (SOAI) tracers at the foot indicates that other oxidants may also influence SOAI formation. BSOA tracer concentrations rose significantly with the arrival of anthropogenic pollutants (e.g., SO₂ and NO₂), indicating that anthropogenic pollution amplifies BSOA formation by enhancing aerosol acidity (pH < 3). This amplification effect could be mitigated by the reduction of aerosol acidity due to increased NH₃ and relative humidity (RH). Our findings provide valuable insights into the interactions between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on SOA formation and vertical distribution in forests surrounding megacities. Plain Language Summary: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) makes up a significant portion of global submicron‐sized atmospheric organic aerosols (OA), reaching up to 90% by mass. Understanding its composition and sources is essential for improving air quality and adapting climate change. However, the role of interactions between human‐made (anthropogenic) and natural (biogenic) emissions in enhancing SOA formation is still debated, especially near megacities. To investigate this, we measured biogenic and anthropogenic SOA tracers simultaneously at the summit (1,690 m a.s.l.) and foot (200 m above sea level) of the Nanling mountains, a subtropical forest near the PRD in southern China, during both day and night. Our results showed unexpectedly high concentrations of SOA tracers compared to most global sites. Isoprene‐derived SOA tracers were predominant at the summit, while monoterpene‐derived SOA tracers were more prevalent at the foot. Interactions between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions can enhance biogenic SOA formation in forested areas near megacities, although this effect can be mitigated by increase of ammonia (NH3) and RH. Also, ozone played a crucial role in nighttime biogenic SOA formation at the summit. These findings highlight the impact of anthropogenic‐biogenic interactions on SOA formation and its vertical distribution in urban‐adjacent forests. Key Points: Diurnal patterns of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers were simultaneously investigated at the summit and foot of Mt. NanlingSOA tracer concentrations were found to be significantly higher than those at most other background sites worldwideInteractions between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions amplified SOA formation in forests near megacities, particularly during pollution periods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apples are rich in vitamins and dietary fiber and are one of the essential fruits in people's daily diet. China has always been a big apple consumer, and with the improvement of people's life quality, nutrition, and health requirements, the demand for high-quality apples has increased year by year. Apple mold heart disease is one of the main diseases affecting apple quality. However, this disease cannot be easily detected from the surface, so it is difficult to detect mold heart disease. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of seven non-destructive detection technologies, including near infrared spectroscopy technology, hyperspectral technology, Raman spectroscopy technology, electronic nose technology, acoustic technology, electrical technology, and magnetic technology, summarizes their application status in the detection of apple mold heart disease, and then analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Combined with the current rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, this paper proposes the future development trends of using non-destructive technologies to detect apple mold heart disease. It is expected to provide basic theory and application references for the intelligent detection of apple mold heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the aging population growth in the world, the prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is rapidly increasing and receiving widespread attention. Although there are numerous articles on the topic, the research status and hotspot analysis are unclear. Objective: The goal of this study is to identify trends in the OVCF field and to analyze the most highly cited original articles published in the Web of Science Index on OVCF using bibliometric analysis. Methods: All OVCF data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, and the number of citations, institutions, journals, countries, and years of publication in this field were visually analyzed using VOSviewer, the bibliometrics online analysis platform, and Excel software. Simultaneously, the top 100 most cited articles were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 756 publications were related to OVCF were included from 1900 to 2022. In recent years, the number of articles on OVCF significantly increased. They are mainly from 41 countries/regions and 202 journals, led by China and the United States. Among all countries, China had the most significant contribution on OVCF (n = 363), and it also was cited most often (n = 3337). The institution with the most articles was Soochow University (n = 40). Osteoporosis International was the journal with most studies and has published 50 on this field. The journal of Spine was cited most often (n = 1968). The most productive periods were from 2016 to 2020, which received 294 articles and 4868 citations. After the analysis, the "vertebroplasty" and "kyphoplasty" of OVCF have been the most common research hotspots. Conclusion: This study represents an updated bibliometric analysis of OVCF. The aim is to identify current research hotspots and future trends to guide clinicians and researchers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (TomoSAR) is a breakthrough of the traditional SAR, which has the three-dimentional (3D) observation ability of layover scenes such as buildings and high mountains. As an advanced system, the airborne array TomoSAR can effectively avoid temporal de-correlation caused by long revisit time, which has great application in high-precision mountain surveying and mapping. The 3D reconstruction using TomoSAR has mainly focused on low targets, while there are few literatures on 3D mountain reconstruction. Due to the layover phenomenon, surveying in high mountain areas remains a difficult task. Consequently, it is meaningful to carry out the research on 3D mountain reconstruction using the airborne array TomoSAR. However, the original TomoSAR mountain point cloud faces the problem of elevation ambiguity. Furthermore, for mountains with complex terrain, the points located in different elevation periods may intersect. This phenomenon increases the difficulty of solving the problem. In this paper, a novel elevation ambiguity resolution method is proposed. First, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) are combined for point cloud segmentation. The former ensures coarse segmentation based on density, and the latter allows fine segmentation of the abnormal categories caused by intersection. Subsequently, the segmentation results are reorganized in the elevation direction to reconstruct all possible point clouds. Finally, the real point cloud can be extracted automatically under the constraints of the boundary and elevation continuity. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations and experiments. Based on the airborne array TomoSAR experiment in Leshan City, Sichuan Province, China in 2019, the 3D model of the surveyed mountain is presented. Moreover, three kinds of external data are applied to fully verify the validity of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry, with significant implications for air quality and human health. However, the mechanisms by which anthropogenic emissions influence the formation of BSOA in the real atmosphere have not been fully understood. In this study, fine aerosol (PM 2.5) samples were collected during both the wet and dry seasons at a high-altitude (1690 m) background site in the Nanling Mountains. Eleven typical secondary organic aerosols (SOA) tracers derived from isoprene (SOA I), α/β-pinene (SOA M), β-caryophyllene (SOA S), and toluene (SOA A), as well as water-soluble inorganic ions and the ambient concentrations of isoprene and its two primary oxidation products, were measured. The results showed that the concentrations and composition of SOA tracers exhibited significant seasonal variations. The total concentration of SOA tracers in the wet season (159 ± 100 ng m−3) was almost three times higher than that in the dry season (61 ± 68 ng m−3). SOA I dominated in both seasons, followed by SOA M , SOA S , and SOA A. Compared with other studies, the concentrations of SOA I and SOA A in the wet season were relatively high, which was mainly attributed to the rapid oxidation of their precursors due to the higher atmospheric oxidative capacity. C 5 -alkene triols had a significantly higher proportion in SOA I species than in other mountaintop sites. Temperature was the main factor causing the seasonal difference in the concentration of SOA I. Anthropogenic pollutants significantly promoted the formation of SOA I in the wet season. The influence of anthropogenic pollutants on the reaction pathway of IEPOX was consistent in both seasons, favoring the formation of C 5 -alkene triols. Our study provides vital insights into the molecular characteristics and formation mechanisms of BSOA in a high-altitude background region. It also highlights that the complex air pollution not only affects BSOA concentrations but also the reaction pathways of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) transforming into BSOA. • BSOA tracers were firstly measured in Nanling Mountains. • Quick oxidation of locally emitted isoprene was the main contributor to isoprene SOA. • Strong atmospheric oxidation capacity in Mt. Nanling was evidenced by low isoprene and high SOA tracer levels. • In the wet season, anthropogenic pollutants markedly enhanced isoprene SOA formation. • C5-alkene triols were more prevalent in isoprene SOA tracers at our site than at other mountaintops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The water quality degradation rate conforms to Pearson III distribution. • The optimized curve fitting method performs best among the three parameter optimization methods of distribution function. • The risk and threshold of water quality were defined from the probability of harmful events. • The risk level of water quality in the next one month is calculated by univariate evaluation method. The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China (MRSNWDPC) is the most important inter-basin water diversion project. This study screened out 8 water quality indicators, including pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N), fecal coliform (F. coli), dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (PI), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), fluoride (F-), sulfate (SO 4 2-), which were from monthly monitoring data of 29 sections between January 2016 and December 2018, and analyzed the probability distribution characteristics of water quality deterioration rate (WQDR) samples, compared the advantages of three kinds of probability density function parameter optimization method, then the probability density model of each water quality indicator is constructed. By defining the section water quality risk and setting the threshold, the risk level of harmful water quality events (" degradation "or" standard exceedance ") in the next one month was calculated based on the real-time monitoring data. The main conclusions include: (1) The probability density of WQDR samples in the MRSNWDPC basically corresponded to the p-III distribution, and the optimum line method can be used as the parameter optimization method of the distribution function. (2) The water quality risk assessment method proposed in this paper could calculate sectional risk based on real-time monitoring data of water quality and play an early warning role in the occurrence of harmful water quality events in the next one month. (3) From 2016 to 2018, water quality deterioration existed in the MRSNWDPC, and the probability of pH, DO and BOD 5 with higher risk level was higher than other indicators. However, further research is needed to confirm whether a stable trend of water quality deterioration exists. This study redefines the concept of risk of sectional water quality from the perspective of the probability of occurrence of harmful events and sets the threshold value of risk level in combination with the water body function, so as to predict the future water quality risk level in the next month, which plays a good warning role in the water quality management of the MRSNWDPC and can help relevant management departments to make response plans in advance. It is worth mentioning that the method proposed in this paper has been applied to the water quality monitoring and early warning integrated management platform of the main canal of the MRSNWDPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The coexistence of hypertension and elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels has a mutually reinforcing impact on the susceptibility to cardio-cerebrovascular disease., Objective: The aim was to assess the prevalence, clinical correlation, and demographic characteristics of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) within the Chinese urban population with hypertension., Methods: A cohort of 473 individuals with hypertension were selected from four communities in Shenzhen, China. Demographic attributes, clinical profiles, and lifestyle behaviors were gathered and compared between individuals with and without HHcy. A logistic regression model was employed to examine potential factors associated with the prevalence of HHcy. Correlation between Hcy levels and clinical characteristics was assessed through multiple linear regression analysis., Results: The prevalence of HHcy in the population with hypertension was 31.3%. In comparison to individuals without HHcy, those with HHcy exhibited a higher proportion of males, a higher prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption, and a higher proportion of cases with the homozygous (TT) genotype at the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Moreover, individuals with HHcy had lower levels of folic acid (FA), and lower fruit and vitamin B12 intake. Furthermore, the risk factors for HHcy were male ( B = 1.430, OR = 4.179) and MTHFR (TT) ( B = 1.086, OR = 2.961). In addition, the multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between Hcy levels and gender ( B = -2.784, P = 0.004), MTHFR genotypes ( B = 1.410, P = 0.005), and FA levels ( B = -0.136, P = 0.030)., Conclusion: The high prevalence of HHcy among hypertensive patients in this Chinese urban population underscores the necessity for interventions targeting modifiable risk factors such as dietary choices and lifestyle practices., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xu, Feng, Zhang, Li, Chi and Ren.)

With the increased risk of complications associated with traditional spinal fusion for the treatment of degenerative disc disease, total disc replacement (TDR) has received increasing attention in recent years. Despite the rapid development of its related research fields, its research status and the hotspot analysis are still unclear. Our goal was to identify and analyze the global research trends on TDR using bibliometric tools. All TDR data were obtained from the WoSCC. The information of research field was collected, including title, author, institutions, journals, countries, references, total citations, and years of publication for further analysis. From 1993 to 2022, a total of 1167 articles and 11,348 references were included in this field. These publications are mainly from 53 countries/regions and 174 journals, led by the United States and China. According to the citation report, the US was absolutely in the leading position in this research field. The most contribution institution and author were Sichuan University and Liu H. Spine and European Spine Journal were the most active journal on TDR research, with 205 and 118 articles. Meanwhile, they were also the most frequently cited journals. The "bone loss," "cervical arthroplasty," "hybrid surgery" were the most frequently cited areas of TDR research. Meanwhile, the latest research hotspots and directions were "cervical disc arthroplasty," "7 year follow up," "heterotopic ossification." The scientific research on TDR has increased considerably in recent years. This study clarifies the current research status and future development trends in order to guide clinicians and researchers in the field of TDR. It can be inferred that cervical disc arthroplasty and bone loss will be the research focus in the future., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Imidazoles are important constituents in atmospheric brown carbon and have gained increasing attention in the past decade. Although imidazoles have been studied widely in laboratories, the sparse field observations severely limit the understanding of imidazole's abundance and sources in the atmosphere. In this study, we measured particle-bound imidazoles and their precursors at a background forest site in the Nanling Mountains of southern China. The average concentration of imidazoles (4.17 ± 3.76 ng/m 3 ) was found to be significantly higher than other background sites worldwide. Further analyses revealed that a majority of imidazoles (59.1%) at the site originated from secondary formation through reactions of dicarbonyls (e.g., glyoxal and methylglyoxal) and reduced nitrogen species, with relatively minor contributions from regional transport (32.8%) and biomass burning (8.1%). In addition, the key factors influencing secondary formation of imidazoles, such as relative humidity, water-soluble inorganic ions, and pH, were analyzed. Our results indicated that the secondary formation of imidazoles can be greatly enhanced under high humidity conditions, particularly during fog events. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into potential sources and influencing factors of ambient imidazoles in background atmospheres., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Timely analysis of the laboratory characteristics associated with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) can assist with clinical diagnosis and prognosis. This study is a collection of clinical data from 54 hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Zhongfa Xincheng district of China at Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 28, 2020 to February 11, 2020. The average age of the patients was 61.8 ± 14.5 years, and the predominant age group was 50-79. The proportion of critical-type patients with comorbidities was higher than that of severe-type patients. Lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced in routine bloodwork for all patients, but significantly lower in critical-type patients than that in severe-type patients. Prolongation of prothrombin times (PT) and elevation of fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimers (D-Ds) were detected in coagulation function tests, and more significant changes were observed in critical-type patients compared to severe-type patients. Serum ferritin levels were sensitive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection but could not be used for disease assessment. In addition, levels of two inflammatory factors, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased in all patients, but higher in critical-type patients than in severe-type patients. Moreover, kidney injury was the second-most common organ affected by COVID-19 followed by heart and liver. Kidney and heart injury were more severe in critical-type patients than in severe-type patients. All of the 31 severe-type patients recovered. Of the critical-type patients, six died and 17 recovered. The length of hospital stay for critical-type patients was significantly longer for severe-type patients. In summary, increased lymphocyte counts, prolonged PT, secondary increases in fibrinolytic activity and increases in sIL-2R and IL-6 are typical features of COVID-19 and are associated with disease severity.