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Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of two common heavy metals, Cd and Pb, in urban rivers in plains, and analyze the impact of weak hydrodynamics on the transport of heavy metals, and guide their ecological risk assessments in these regions. Materials and methods: Two field surveys (wet and dry seasons) were conducted at a total of 36 sites in the tributaries of Gehu Lake, located in a plain region in China. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extraction method was employed to analyze the components of Cd and Pb. The Nemello index and ecological risk index were calculated to assess their pollution levels and ecological risks. Results and discussion: Cd primarily accumulated at the river mouths, while Pb was predominantly concentrated near the discharge sources. The mobile fractions of Cd were more likely to be released and migrate downstream, and thus the total Cd content demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with these mobile forms (p < 0.05). In contrast, although Pb had a greater proportion of mobile fractions, they were readily re-adsorbed onto particles and settled near the source. The source area displayed notable pollution with Pb, whereas the downstream river mouth area posed a high risk of Cd pollution. Conclusions: The results indicated that the weak river hydrodynamics within plains amplify the impact of heavy metal mobility on their behaviors, producing a "screening effect" on Pb and Cd and resulting in distinct distribution patterns in sediments. These findings can guide the ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems within plains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid evolution of the rural digital economy, analyzing the impact of digital literacy level on farm households' formal borrowing is crucial for easing credit constraints and fostering rural economic growth. Leveraging the data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPSs) and applying binary probit models and the Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method, this study delineates the positive correlation between the digital literacy level and increased formal borrowing among farm households. The findings, which were robust against endogeneity and robustness tests, underscore the role of digital literacy level in augmenting farmers' earnings and social networks, with a notably stronger mediation by earnings. The effects are particularly significant for middle-aged and older, less educated males in the central and western regions, in contrast with younger, highly educated females in the east. This research advocates for enhancing rural digital infrastructure and education, alongside financial system reforms, to advance rural financial development and support sustainable rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2010 was an important turning point for China's economy, and the digital economy has become its new feature. In the digital economy wave, digital transformation and innovation are two essential starting points for enterprise development. Few studies have examined the effect of companies' digital transformation on disruptive innovation, neglecting the role of entrepreneurship. This study aims to address this research gap by developing an analytical framework for digital transformation, entrepreneurship, and disruptive innovation. Based on China's A-listed firms from 2010 to 2021, we use Python to create indicators for digital transformation and examine its impact on disruptive innovation and the role of entrepreneurship using a double fixed-effects model. The results demonstrate that digital transformation significantly promotes disruptive innovation, and entrepreneurship positively moderates this relationship. Furthermore, heterogeneity analyses show that digital transformation's positive effects of disruptive innovation and entrepreneurship are more pronounced in non-SOEs, companies in growth and decline stages, and nonmanufacturing companies. However, in SOEs and manufacturing firms, entrepreneurship was unable to moderate this relationship. The conclusions reflect the exploration of the realization mechanism and micro-foundations of the current, in-depth digital transformations, and the findings provide reference guidelines for enabling enterprises to realize digital transformation and disruptive innovation and, relevant experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the interaction patterns between economic growth and atmospheric environment (EG-AE) in China is important to achieve the "carbon neutrality" target. A conceptual framework of air pollutant emission in urban economic growth (APEUEG) was proposed to explore the interaction patterns in China from 2007 to 2017. The empirical analysis revealed that a N-shaped EKC exists between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and gross domestic product (GDP), with inflection points of $5000 and $27,000, respectively. Therefore, we speculated that when GDP per capita of a city exceeded $5000, the AOD gradually decreased. However, when GDP per capita of a city gained over $27,000, the economic growth and the atmospheric environment would be coordinated steadily. The interaction of EG-AE experienced three stages—pollution, improvement, and coordination—in China. Spatially, the interaction patterns of EG-AE presented five clusters, which were associated with the spatial distribution of city levels. China's prefecture-level cities have undergone the cluster of low AOD-low GDP (LL), the cluster of high AOD-high GDP (HH), and the cluster of low AOD-high GDP (LH), as urban level improves. By 2017, about 44% of Chinese cities had not completed the coordinated development yet. We found that policymakers should formulate differentiated urban greener economic development policies to reduce APEUEG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a leak detection and repair program was conducted on five pharmaceutical factories in China to analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission characteristics of leaking equipment. The results indicated that the monitored components were mainly flanges, accounting for 70.23% of the total, and open-ended lines were the components most prone to leaks. The overall percentage of VOCs emissions reduction after the repair was 20.50%, and flanges were the most repairable components, with an average emission reduction of 47.5 kg/a for each flange. In addition, atmospheric predictions were conducted for the VOCs emissions before and after the repair of the components at the research factories. The atmospheric predictions showed that emissions from equipment and facilities have a noticeable impact on VOCs concentration at boundary and the emissions are positively correlated with the pollution source strength. The hazard quotient of the investigated factories was lower than the acceptable risk level set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The quantitative assessment of the lifetime cancer risk showed that the risk levels of factories A, C, and D exceeded the EPA's acceptable risk level, and the on-site workers were exposed to inhalation cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and timely detection of river change attaches importance to regional ecological security. Since river change is a complex and dynamic process, there are difficulties to describe it properly. Inspired by geographic events research, river pattern events are innovatively proposed to quantify river change process, combining multi-dimensional information thoroughly. First, inter- and intra- events are defined by comparing typologies changes of river patterns. Afterwards, a river pattern events model (RPEM), integrating "Event types-Spatial locations-River patterns-Morphological features-Hydrological attributes", was proposed to maximally characterize river change process. River pattern events were detected using the object increment difference (OID), and were interpreted as the semantic information in realistic rivers. Experimental results in the Lower Yellow River (LYR) demonstrated that the proposed method achieves good performance in assessing the morphological and hydrological change process. River pattern events are expected to support rapid detection and dynamic analysis of regional and global river change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, ozone pollution has been increasing in some parts of the world. In this study, we used the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan (BJ-TJ-TS) urban agglomeration region as a case study and used satellite remotely sensed inversion data and hourly ground monitoring observations of surface ozone concentrations, meteorological data, and other factors from 2016 to 2019 to explore the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of surface ozone concentration and its pollution levels. We also investigated their coupling relationships with meteorological factors, including temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind velocity, and sunshine duration, in order to support the development of effective control measures for regional ozone pollution. The results revealed that the surface ozone concentration throughout the BJ-TJ-TS region from 2016 to 2019 exhibited an overall pattern of high values in the northwest and low values in the southeast, as well as an obvious difference between built-up and non-built-up areas (especially in Beijing). Meanwhile, a notable increasing trend of ozone levels was discovered in the BJ and TJ areas from 2016 to 2019, whereas this upward trend was not evident in the TS area. In all three areas, the highest monthly average ozone values occurred in the summer month of June, while the lowest monthly average levels occurred in the winter month of December. Their diurnal variation values reached a maximum value at approximately 3:00–4:00 p.m. and a minimum value at approximately 7:00 a.m. It is clear that high temperature, long sunshine duration, low atmospheric pressure, and weak wind velocity conditions, as well as certain relative humidity levels, readily led to high-concentration ozone pollution. Meanwhile, the daily average values of the five meteorological factors on days with Grade I and Grade II ozone pollution displayed different characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Erlian basin is one of the most important basins in northern China to host sandstone-type uranium deposits (SUDs), in which Bayanwula, Saihangaobi, and Hadatu are under development, to name a few. Issues such as the metallogenic mechanism and mineralization of these deposits need to be addressed throughout the mining process. Over the past several decades, 2D and 3D seismic reflection surveys have been carried out to study these typical SUDs. The seismic technique has become the most effective geophysical tool of uranium (U) exploration, and it is used to develop our understanding of the stratigraphic configuration, faults, and sandstone contents of target layers in uranium environments. In addition, seismic interpretation could yield useful suggestions regarding the subsequent drilling program in the work area. There are two seismically predictable patterns of SUDs, named "Big depression + fault" and "Large-angle unconformity + fault", which have been established following detailed seismic research in this basin. The characteristics of these faults are as follows: (1) the "'U'-shaped formation" is conducive to the inflow of O-U-bearing groundwater into the target sandstone; (2) the "Big depression of reductive formation" provides plenty of organic matter (containing reducing media and U pre-enrichment) to promote redox reaction mineralization; (3) "Large-angle unconformity" is favorable to the migration of reducing substances, consequently leading to an enhancement in redox U mineralization; (4) "faults with long-term activity" become rising channels for reducing the presence of fluids and gases at depth; and (5) "sandstone and its scrambled seismic facies". The results also offer indirect evidence of a connection between hydrothermal fluids and U mineralization; a hypothesis of "hydrothermal effusion" mineralization is proposed accordingly. In conclusion, seismically produced images of geological structures and sandstone distribution could yield important information for U prospecting and mine planning; it is worth considering seismic technologies in the future exploration of SUDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neoadjuvant and adjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment has been increasingly noticed. To summarize the global landscape of these clinical trials will provide essential data for all the stakeholders of drug development. Based on the Trialtrove database, a total of 668 clinical trials initiated by the end of 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. We found that a rising capability of global neoadjuvant and adjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 clinical development has been achieved. High prevalent cancer types were extensively studied though the priorities in China and the United States were different. However, a lack of phase III trials and industry-sponsored trials was addressed. The confirmatory neoadjuvant trials were particularly insufficient, and the combination strategy mainly focused on chemotherapy. Thus, more public funding and accelerated regulatory strategies are needed in this field. Efforts should be made to confirm the benefit of neoadjuvant treatment and explore novel combination strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design for poverty alleviation (DPA) is becoming an active promoter and effective practice form of rural social innovation. This study aims to explore the sustainable, collaborative design path of rural poverty alleviation. Based on actor network theory, this study analyzes the poverty alleviation process of rural actor network construction and participatory translation through the perspective of design integration. The case study chooses the traditional Chinese handicraft, Shengzhou bamboo weaving, to discuss the key links and elements of sustainability such as the role, benefits, and interaction of multiple actors. The staged effectiveness and social impact of the design integration are evaluated by questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, qualitative and quantitative data collections, a logistic regression model was used to test for significant effects while adjusting for multiple factors simultaneously. The analysis shows that although DPA is difficult to realize the fundamental adjustment of the rights and interests of rural craftsmen, it plays a key role in guiding the development of industrial goals, expected economic and social benefits, brings huge driving force and implementation effect to rural social innovation. The actor network theory solves the problem of separation between the individual and network attributes of DPA among stakeholders, and provides an innovative basis for rural social innovation to choose effective design intervention and mechanisms to balance the rights and interests of various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auricularia auricula-judae is an edible nutrient-rich mushroom, which is a traditional medicinal resource in China. It is known that environment stimuli will affect the production of melanin by A. auricula-judae , but the mechanism of the effects of freezing treatment on melanin accumulation remains unknown. In the present study, the synthesis of melanin in A. auricula-judae was analyzed by physiological assays and a proteomics approach. Our findings showed that a longer freezing treatment causes a lighter color of A. auricula-judae fruiting bodies. The proteomic analysis showed that proteins involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tyrosine metabolism, ribosome, and arginine biosynthesis might contribute to the color differences in the A. auricula-judae after freezing treatment. This work will be expected to provide valuable information on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of freezing treatment on the color quality of A. auricula-judae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanisation is accompanied by drastic urban sprawl and populations gathering in cities. The new urban districts in China have gradually become the most effective form of built-up area expansion, but the corresponding human activities within these built-up areas have not increased at the same rate, which has led to the emergence of urbanisation-related problems, such as ghost cities. However, few studies have focused on the evolution of this inconsistency within a city, especially at multiple scales. Based on Landsat images and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Programme-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) data, our study calculated the barycentre, the agglomeration degree and the consistency index to quantitatively analyse the spatio-temporal consistency between built-up areas and human activities within a city from 1993 to 2013. A mainstream urban example in China, Zhengzhou, which accepted financial and policy support from the government and underwent rapid urbanisation, was chosen as a case study. The results of this study showed that (1) the consistency between built-up areas and human activities was characterised by an approximately S-shaped curve that divided the city's development into three stages, namely, relative stability (1993–1998), rapid development exhibiting inconsistency (1998–2008) and the optimisation and matching of spatial factors (2008–2013); (2) the inconsistency stage had two diametrically opposed patterns: the increase in human activities lagged behind the expansion of built-up areas, and the opposite occurred in older areas, which resulted in the emergence of ghost cities in new districts and crowded populations in the old cities; and (3) the inconsistency stage occurs easily; thus attention should be paid during the promotion of urbanisation processes in rapidly developing cities such as Zhengzhou; however, as the urban population increases, under economic development and a policy of unceasing expansion, the area of inconsistency was mitigated after 2010. Our findings illustrated the influence of consistency on built-up areas and human activities in terms of coordinated development within cities and provided a better understanding of the urbanisation process in Chinese cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound XiongShao Capsule (CXSC), a traditional herb mixture, has shown significant clinical efficacy against diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, its multicomponent and multitarget features cause difficulty in deciphering its molecular mechanisms. Our study aimed to identify the key active ingredients and potential pharmacological mechanisms of CXSC in treating DPN by network pharmacology and provide scientific evidence of its clinical efficacy. CXSC active ingredients were identified from both the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, with parameters of oral bioavailability ≥ 30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18, and the Herbal Ingredients' Targets (HIT) database. The targets of those active ingredients were identified using ChemMapper based on 3D-structure similarity and using HIT database. DPN-related genes were acquired from microarray dataset GSE95849 and five widely used databases (TTD, Drugbank, KEGG, DisGeNET, and OMIM). Next, we obtained candidate targets with therapeutic effects against DPN by mapping active ingredient targets and DPN-related genes and identifying the proteins interacting with those candidate targets using STITCH 5.0. We constructed an "active ingredients-candidate targets-proteins" network using Cytoscape 3.61 and identified key active ingredients and key targets in the network. We identified 172 active ingredients in CXSC, 898 targets of the active ingredients, 110 DPN-related genes, and 38 candidate targets with therapeutic effects against DPN. Three key active ingredients, namely, quercetin, kaempferol, and baicalein, and 25 key targets were identified. Next, we input all key targets into ClueGO plugin for KEGG enrichment and molecular function analyses. The AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and MAP kinase activity were determined as the main KEGG pathway and molecular function involved, respectively. We determined quercetin, kaempferol, and baicalein as the key active ingredients of CXSC and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and MAP kinase activity as the main pharmacological mechanisms of CXSC against DPN, proving the clinical efficacy of CXSC against DPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CS-U@PS was firstly used to remediate industrial site soil contaminated by PAHs. • Urea not only forms the release channels but also promotes the generation of 1O 2. • CS-U@PS has excellent long-term release performance for sodium persulfate. • The release rate can be controlled by adjusting the dosage of glutaraldehyde. The eco-friendly slow-release material for persulfate (PS) using chitosan (CS) and urea (U) composite as frame structure (CS-U@PS) was firstly used to remediate the site soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Hefei city, China. The influences of glutaraldehyde dosage and urea dosage on the slow released properties of CS-U@PS was investigated and a longer release time of 190.0 d to 591.0 d was achieved, indicating the promising tunability according to the contents of pollutants in site soil. The effects of various factors (cross-linking agent dosage, initial PAHs concentration, CS-U@PS dosage, hydrogen peroxide dosage, etc.) on the degradation of soil spiked with PAHs (80 and 8 mg·kg−1) by CS-U@PS were studied, and the degradation pathway of PAHs was speculated. According to the EPR results, urea played an important role in promoting the 1O 2 generation, which was the main reactive oxidative species. Finally, the long-term remediation of the industrial site soil with total PAHs of 553.2 mg·kg−1 was performed using 50 mg·g−1 soil CS-U@PS and 90.22% removal rate was obtained after nine months. Moreover, the monitoring results of soil respiration gas show that, in addition to CO 2 , there is no additional greenhouse gas generated in the process of soil remediation, suggesting that the remediation of site soil using CS-U@PS has an excellent application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auricularia auricula is one of the most popular edible mushrooms in China. Limited information is available regarding genes and proteins related to A. auricula development from mycelium to mature fruiting body and response to environmental stimuli. With the development of proteomics, this technology platform for addressing this problem is available. A critical step of a good proteome is protein extraction which can gives the best quality and a wide coverage of total proteins. To establish an effective protein extraction protocol suitable for proteomics analysis in mycelium and fruiting body of A. auricula, four previously reported protein extraction protocols including direct extraction, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation, TCA/acetone precipitation and phenol-based extraction, were compared based on the protein yield and 2-DE patterns. The efficiency of the four methods was evaluated by comparing protein yield and 2-DE patterns. Of the four methods, both TCA precipitation and phenol-based extraction method for A. auricula mycelia protein extraction yielded the good protein separation pattern and higher number of protein spots in 2-DE analysis. Furthermore, phenol-based extraction is superior to the other tested methods for A. auricula fruiting body proteome analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the spread of the Internet of Things in the construction industry, non-invasive thermal adaptive behavior recognition provides a new method for the real-time assessment of the indoor thermal environment. Pioneering research on non-invasive measurements of thermal discomfort for thermal preference prediction based on occupants' adaptive behavior recognition was undertaken. Questionnaire surveys on the thermal adaptive behavior of office building users in five climatic regions of China were undertaken. From 654 valid questionnaires, 14 thermal adaptive behaviors related to thermal discomfort were clustered. Then experiments were conducted to collect thermal discomfort adaptive behavioral video data from 8 views (front, rear, left, right, left-front, right-front, left-rear, and right-rear) at two heights (1.5 m and 2 m). A large-scale dataset for thermal adaptive behavior recognition with 27,504 video samples was developed. Two adaptive behavior recognition models were constructed based on the neural network model Two-Stream Inflated 3D ConvNet (I3D) and SlowFast. The results show that there is no significant difference in the types of indoor thermal adaptive behaviors among office users in different climate zones of China. The established I3D and SlowFast recognition models adopt an end-to-end approach for recognition, which overcomes dependence on human key point recognition and enables the models to utilize more environmental information. The average prediction accuracy of both models reaches 95% or above, even when complex background and human key points are partially obscured. Additionally, the recognition time of the two models is at the millisecond level, which can support real-time thermal adaptive behavior recognition. • 14 thermal adaptive behaviors related to thermal discomfort were studied. • A large-scale dataset for thermal adaptive behavior recognition was developed. • Two models based on I3D and SlowFast to recognize thermal adaptive behaviors were constructed. • A binary-classification algorithm to distinguish thermal adaptive and non-adaptive behaviors was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microwave scatterometer on the Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) satellite is designed to provide global sea surface wind field data. The accuracy of HY-2A scatterometer wind retrievals is determined through various comparisons with moored buoys and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) reanalysis data. These comparisons were made in wide regions, including open sea and coastal areas, over a four-month period from January to March 2012 and August 2012. The retrieved wind speed results agree well within situobservations and model data with respective biases −0.19 m s−1and 0.01 m s−1and root mean square error 2.02 m s−1and 1.81 m s−1. However, the wind direction errors are a little higher. The overall bias and root mean square deviation of wind direction are −2.24°, 1.74°, and 40.28°, 38.56°, respectively. The wind speed and direction residuals are higher in low- and high-wind speed ranges. In addition, the wind speed and direction are relatively more accurate for open sea than those in coastal regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring new thermal preference prediction models or methods to precisely analyze occupants' unconscious feedback on the thermal environment without disturbing them is essential for increased building efficiency, comfort and productivity. In this study, we propose a novel method for developing a comfort model that uses occupant self-adjusting behavior to predict thermal preference. The model development draws from field data including thermal self-adaptive behaviors, environmental parameters, and thermal preferences collected from 34 occupants in a single multi-occupancy room in a research office in a university in south-east China, and it employs four machine learning algorithms including Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree. The results indicate that there is a close relationship between thermal preference and thermal self-adaptive behavior. The highest prediction accuracy of thermal preference using a single set of input parameters is 0.81, obtained using self-adaptive behaviors. When the input parameters increase to four sets or more, the highest median accuracy of thermal preference prediction (0.85) does not change significantly. When it is difficult to obtain personal information (gender, height, and weight) and data on clothing thermal resistance, it is recommended to use a combination of three sets of parameters (self-adaptive behavior, indoor temperature and relative humidity (T/RH), and outdoor T/RH) or a combination of four sets of parameters (self-adaptive behavior, indoor T/RH, outdoor T/RH, and globe temperature) as the input parameters of the thermal preference prediction model based on Random Forest, which results in an expected prediction accuracy of 0.84 and 0.85, respectively. • An environment experiment in a multi-occupancy office was conducted. • Thermal preference prediction models based on adaptive behavior were developed. • Close relationship between thermal preference and self-adaptive behaviors. • Model of behavior, temperature and relative humidity has high prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Wheat anthesis date is an important turning point for wheat from vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage, which is crucial for wheat to adapt to environment and increase grain yield. In this study, a panel of adaptive wheat varieties including historical varieties from the 1940s and current varieties was used to understand the contribution of growing season, genotypes and their interaction effects to anthesis date. Based on our results, we can conclude that growing seasons contributed tremendously to the anthesis date of wheat. In future wheat breeding, more consideration should be given to growing seasons, and the gene combination with the strongest adaptability to the growing seasons should be selected. Quantitative studies on the effects of growing season, genotype (including photoperiod genes and vernalization genes), and their interaction (GGI) on the anthesis date of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are helpful to provide a scientific reference for selecting or developing adaptive varieties in target environments. In this study, we collected 100 winter wheat varieties with ecological adaptability in North China and identified the anthesis date under field conditions for three consecutive years from 2016 to 2019 with mapped photoperiod and vernalization alleles. Our results showed that the number of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele increased with variety replacement, while the haplotype Ppd-A1b + Ppd-D1b + vrn-D1 (A4B2) decreased from the 1940s to 2000s. The anthesis date of A4B2 was significantly delayed due to the photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-A1b and Ppd-D1b. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and GGI biplot analysis were used for data analysis. A large portion of the total variation was explained by growing seasons (66.3%), while genotypes and GGIs explained 21.9% and 10.1% of the anthesis dates, respectively. The varieties from the 1940s and before had a great influence on the anthesis date, suggesting these germplasms tend to avoid premature anthesis and could facilitate the development of phenological resilient varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is great potential for building performance optimization (BPO) in the early design stage, but there is still a lack of methods, algorithms, and tools to support the BPO process in this stage. Through a comprehensive review, this study identified three critical issues that affect the implementation of the BPO process in the early design stage: model integration, real-time performance analysis, and interactive optimization design. This study provides a systematic solution to these three critical issues. In terms of model integration, a feature-based and graph-based 3D building space recognition algorithm is proposed to automatically convert the computer-aided design (CAD model) into a computer-aided engineering model (CAE model). In terms of real-time performance analysis, a simplified physical method, an HPC-accelerated method, and an AI-based method are explored, and a real-time energy modeling module and a real-time daylighting analysis module are developed. In terms of the interactive optimization design, a preference-based multi-objective BPO design algorithm that can consider user preferences is proposed to make full use of the decision-making ability of humans and the computing power of machines and significantly improve the optimization efficiency and result satisfaction. Based on the systematic solution, a multi-objective BPO design software, MOOSAS, is developed. MOOSAS allows real-time performance feedback, dynamic parameter analysis, and interactive optimization, supporting the BPO process in the early design stage. The innovations of this study are as follows: first, this study proposes a systematic solution to the three critical issues of the BPO process, i.e., model integration, real-time performance analysis, and interactive optimization design; second, this study develops a multi-objective BPO design software (MOOSAS) for the early design stage. • This study proposes a systematic solution to the three critical issues of the BPO process in the early design stage: model integration, real-time performance analysis, and interactive optimization design. • This study develops China's first multi-objective design software, MOOSAS, to support the BPO process in the early design stage. • The potential of MOOSAS is presented through multiple application scenarios: real-time building performance feedback, parameter analysis, and design recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The first self-designed 500 W@ 2 K superfluid helium system including three cold compressors was operated stably in China. • Measuring the enthalpy difference between inlet and outlet helium gas can obtain the static heat leakages of cold compressors. • Reducing external heat leakages enhanced the isentropic efficiencies of cold compressors obviously. A superfluid helium refrigeration system is a necessity for the cooling equipment in many large-scale scientific facilities. As an essential device, a type of cold compressor is designed and manufactured in this paper. It mainly consists of motor, bearings, compressor components, and heat insulation. After conducting tests at both ambient temperature and low temperature, the target of long-term stable operation at 500 W@2 K was finally achieved. The structure and test results of the cold compressor are summarized. The isentropic efficiencies of cold compressors were between 50% and 70%, and the heat leakage was less than 40 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is being built at Haizi Mountain, Sichuan province of China at an altitude of 4410 m. One of its main goals is to survey the northern sky for very-high-energy gamma ray sources via its ground-based water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA). 900 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) CR365-02-1 from Beijing Hamamatsu Photon Techniques INC. (BHP) are installed in the WCDA, collecting Cherenkov photons produced by air shower particles crossing water. The design of the PMT base with a high dynamic range for CR365-02-1, the PMT batch test system, and the test results of 997 PMTs are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of socio-emotional selectivity, this study examines the effect of digital engagement on the mental health of older individuals using data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The results show that digital engagement has a significant effect on the mental health of older individuals, manifested by a decline in depression and an enhancement of cognitive abilities. The results are robust by Using instrumental variables to solve endogenous problem and the propensity score matching method to solve selective bias. The analysis of heterogeneity demonstrates that digital engagement can significantly reduce the depression level of older people without chronic diseases and at lower ages and promote the cognitive ability of older adults without chronic diseases and older adults of higher ages. Mechanistic analysis shows that digital engagement can reduce depression in older adults by alleviating loneliness and improving emotional well-being and cognitive performance by enhancing social support. Therefore, digital engagement gives older people a more positive emotional experience and more social support and thereby improves mental health, delivering proactive answers to the problems an aging population brings., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Liu, Li. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

This study explored the safety of COVID-19 vaccine (Aikewei) and the role of clinical pharmacists in the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 2305 hospital employees in Children's Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China received the COVID-19 vaccine. The whole process of vaccination was monitored by clinical pharmacists, and the occurrence, types, severity of adverse reactions were recorded in detail. Through the investigation and analysis on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination of the 2305 people, the important role and value of clinical pharmacists in the vaccination process was elaborated. Common adverse reactions included local pain, dizziness and fatigue, with the incidence rates of 2.09%, 0.67% and 0.49%, respectively. Others such as headache, nausea, skin itching, cough, palpitation, dry mouth, hand anesthesia, local induration, muscle soreness, local rash, and chill had incidence rates of less than 0.30%. Three cases of serious adverse events that occurred in this vaccination returned to normal after treatment, with no subsequent discomfort. Clinical pharmacists played an important role in the safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination. The safety of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is good. Most of the common adverse reactions were mild and tolerable, with generally low incidence. The work of clinical pharmacists is important and can be expanded in the future to ensure the safety of vaccination and to provide better health care service.

Native skin repair requires wound care products that not only protect the wound from bacterial infection, but also accelerate wound closure and minimize scarring. Nanomaterials have been widely applied for wound healing due to their multifunctional properties. In a previous study, we prepared and characterized electrospinning zinc oxide/silver/polyvinylpyrrolidone/polycaprolactone (ZnO/Ag/PVP/PCL) nanofibers using ZnO and Ag nanoparticles, and evaluated their antibacterial effect in vitro . In this work, further characterization studies were performed, which confirmed that the ZnO/Ag nanoparticles were physically embedded and evenly distributed in the ZnO/Ag/PVP/PCL nanofibers, enabling the sustained release of Ag and Zn. In addition, the bimetallic nanofibers showed satisfactory fluid handling and flexibility. In vivo wound healing and histology studies showed that the ZnO/Ag/PVP/PCL nanofibers had a better anti-inflammatory, skin tissue regeneration, and wound healing effect than monometallic nanofibers or a commercially available wound plaster (Yunnan Baiyao). Therefore, ZnO/Ag/PVP/PCL bimetallic nanofibers may be a safe, efficient biomedical dressing for wound healing.

Background: Chemotherapy-related adverse events may restrain taxane/cisplatin administration as a regimen for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Genetic polymorphisms may contribute to adverse event susceptibility. Method & results: The authors genotyped ten SNPs from five genes (rs1045642, rs2032582 and rs3213619 of ABCB1 ; rs2231137 and rs2231142 of ABCG2 ; rs246221 of ABCC1 ; rs3740066 of ABCC2 ; and rs10771973, rs12296975 and rs1239829 of FGD4 ) in 219 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with taxane/cisplatin. Patients with severe toxicities were compared with those with minor or no adverse events by unconditional logistic regression models and semi-Bayesian shrinkage. After adjustment for age and sex, with the null prior, FGD4 rs1239829 was statistically significantly related to grade 3-4 leukopenia (odds ratio [95% CI] in dominant model = 1.77 [1.04-3.03]). Conclusion: The minor allele of FGD4 rs1239829 was related to grade 3-4 leukopenia in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with taxane/cisplatin, with unclear biological mechanism.

Antibiotic contamination in drinking water sources has been increasingly prominent in recent years. The water quality in the Chongqing area is not only essential for the local people but also is crucial for the downstream of Yangzi River. To understand the level of antibiotic contamination in the large-scale drinking water sources, this study measured antibiotic residues in nine large-scale drinking water sources (five urban drinking water sources and four township drinking water sources) in Chongqing area of the Yangtze River. Results demonstrated that eight antibiotics of three categories in total were detected, including sulfonamide metformin (SMX), sulfonamide metformin (SMZ), erythromycin (ERM), Roxithromycin (ROM), Tylosin (TYL), Lincomycin (LIN), Chloramphenicol (CAP), and Florfenicol (FF). The mass concentration of antibiotic residues in five urban drinking water sources ranged from 13.9 to 76.6 ng/L, with an average of 46.4 ng/L, and that in four township drinking water sources ranged from 20.6 to 188.1 ng/L, with an average of 88.45 ng/L. The mass concentrations of antibiotic residues in Chongqing area were much lower than those in other cities. Antibiotics posed the maximum risk with a value of 0.005 for 0-3 months of the infant. The risk quotients of antibiotic residues in all water sources were much lower than 1 and thus did not pose a direct threat to human health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)