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Stone matrix asphalt and asphalt concrete mixture with 13.2 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (named SMA13 and AC13, respectively) are widely used in the surface course of asphalt pavement in China. Generally, the pavement performance of SMA13 is superior to that of AC13, while the cost of the former is significantly higher than that of the latter. The objective of this paper was to develop a new hot mix asphalt (named SMAC13) whose performance and cost are between SMA13 and AC13. A boundary sieve size (BSS) of 2.36 mm was selected between fine and coarse aggregates. Based on the union set of aggregate gradation ranges of SMA13 and AC13, the family of gradation curves in the forms of S shapes were designed in terms of the BSS passing rate. According to the evaluation of the skeleton interlock of coarse aggregate of the gradation curve family, the aggregate gradation range of SMAC13 was determined. Also, the performance of three kinds of asphalt mixtures were compared through laboratory tests. The results indicated that SMA13 shows the best rutting resistance, followed by SMAC13 then AC13, while in terms of low-temperature performance in resistance to cracking, the sequence is SMAC13, AC13, and SMA13. The sequence of water stability is AC13, SMAC13, and SMA13. Furthermore, the cost of SMAC13 is 25% less than that of SMA13. Therefore, SMAC13 can be used as an alternative for the surface course of asphalt pavement in terms of performance and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A state-owned glass production enterprise introduces the strategic investor to carry on the assets reorganization, including the purchase of two float glass production lines with subsequent technology transformations and the construction of a new float glass production line with domestic leading technology. The fuel consumption structure has changed from coal-burning to natural gas or fuel oil. The following auditing procedures were followed according to Chinese national standards. These procedures include constituting an ordinance on energy management, strengthening the energy measurement and data statistical system, and improving production lines as well as energy-saving measures. Production scale expanded approximately twice during the period of audit. Comprehensive energy consumption was 2.58ton coal equivalent (tce) at aqual in heat value (AHV refers to energy consumed to generate each kWh of electric power, each m3 of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, or each kg of steam. The term of AHV provides a unification measurement criterion for fossil fuels consumed before the energy transformation.) account per 10,000 Yuan output value, and 2.17tce at heat value equivalent (HVE) account. Comprehensive energy consumption per unit of product was 15.35kg coal equivalent (kce) per weight box. The percentage of energy cost among total cost reduced from 51.19% in 2007 to 46.48% in 2008. Consequently, the comprehensive energy conversion level holds a leading position among peers in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]