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The origin of propylitic fluids in intermediate sulfidation mineralization has not been investigated in detail. Here, we present an extensive petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic (O-H-Sr) study of propylitic epidote, chlorite, and calcite from the Zhengguang intermediate sulfidation epithermal Au-Zn deposit, NE China. Propylitic minerals can be divided into three main types based on their different textural occurrences, namely interstitial cement of clasts of hydrothermal breccia, replacement of primary plagioclase or hornblende, and vein infill of cracks, with late, minor calcite as amygdules in vesicles of andesite representing a fourth textural occurrence. The H-O isotope compositions and mass balance calculations suggest that most propylitic epidote records a dominant (> 50%) contribution of magmatic fluids. The decrease of the average δ18 O H 2 O values equilibrated with different types of epidote (cement 6.8 ± 0.7‰, replacement 5.1 ± 1.1‰, vein 4.5 ± 1.4‰, 1 SD), and the decreasing content of high-temperature elements (e.g., Cu-Mo) from cement, through replacement to vein epidote and chlorite, collectively indicates a decreasing role of magmatic fluids. Replacement epidote and chlorite are enriched in Sr-Mn-Y-Sb, whereas replacement epidote and calcite record similar (87Sr/86Sr)i values to the andesitic host rock, suggesting that replacement minerals inherit certain elements from plagioclase and hornblende, and the Sr isotope signature of the wall rocks. We highlight that propylitic alteration in epithermal deposits can involve significant proportions of magmatic fluids and texturally different alteration mineral types should be considered when using mineral isotopic or chemical compositions to track fluid sources or to vector towards the location of intrusive centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important research value and broad application prospects in liver diseases. This study aims to comprehensively review the cooperation and influence of countries, institutions, authors, and journals in the field of MSCs in liver diseases from the perspective of bibliometrics, evaluate the clustering evolution of knowledge structure, and discover hot trends and emerging topics. Methods: The articles and reviews related to MSCs in liver diseases were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using Topic Search. A bibliometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results: A total of 3404 articles and reviews were included over the period 2001-2021. The number of articles regarding MSCs in liver diseases showed an increasing trend. These publications mainly come from 3251 institutions in 113 countries led by China and the USA. Li L published the most papers among the publications, while Pittenger MF had the most co-citations. Analysis of the most productive journals shows that most are specialized in medical research, experimental medicine and cell biology, and cell & tissue engineering. The macroscopical sketch and micro-representation of the whole knowledge field are realized through co-citation analysis. Liver scaffold, MSC therapy, extracellular vesicle, and others are current and developing areas of the study. The keywords "machine perfusion", "liver transplantation", and "microRNAs" also may be the focus of new trends and future research. Conclusions: In this study, bibliometrics and visual methods were used to review the research of MSCs in liver diseases comprehensively. This paper will help scholars better understand the dynamic evolution of the application of MSCs in liver diseases and point out the direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present in‐situ zircon laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb ages, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes of the Mugagangri monzogranite in the southern margin of the Qiangtang Block, Tibet, western China. The zircons yield a U–Pb age of ca. 123 Ma. The hornblende‐bearing monzogranite shows metaluminous to weak peraluminous and high‐K calc‐alkaline characteristics exemplified by high silica (SiO2 = 67.57–70.57 wt%), high aluminium (Al2O3 = 14.68–15.78 wt%), high potassium (K2O = 4.00–5.14 wt%), high alkali (K2O + Na2O = 7.88–8.62 wt%), and low calcium contents (CaO = 1.72–2.17 wt%), with the aluminium saturation index (A/CNK) ranging from 0.98 to 1.09, suggesting that the Mugagangri monzogranite is a metaluminous to weak peraluminous I‐type high‐K calc‐alkaline granite. Geochemically, similar to the arc magmas, the monzogranite is enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements, and relatively depleted in high‐field‐strength elements. The monzogranite displays relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.70972–0.71240), uniform εNd(t) values (−2.24 to −3.40), variable zircon εHf(t) values (−14.1 to +8.0), and high radiogenic Pb isotopic values (206Pb/204Pb = 18.588–18.790, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.616–15.642, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.838–39.053). These geochemical characteristics indicate that the monzogranite was derived from a mixed source comprising ancient crustal and mantle materials, and experienced fractional crystallization during emplacement. We propose that the parental magma of the Mugagangri monzogranite was most likely generated during northward subduction of the Bangong Co‐Nujiang Meso‐Tethys Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been reported in almost all countries globally. No effective therapy has been documented for COVID-19, and the role of convalescent plasma therapy is unknown. In the current study, 6 patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure received convalescent plasma a median of 21.5 days after viral shedding was first detected, all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 3 days after infusion, and 5 eventually died. In conclusion, convalescent plasma treatment can end SARS-CoV-2 shedding but cannot reduce the mortality rate in critically ill patients with end-stage COVID-19, and treatment should be initiated earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Neoproterozoic magmatism at ∼685 Ma and Paleozoic volcanism at ∼475 Ma are recognized. • Paleozoic volcanism were generated by the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Oceanic lithosphere. • The Precambrian basement exists in the Xing'an Block but is not widely distributed. • Refertilization of juvenile lower crust is essential for the formation of the Chalukou deposit. Abstract To constrain the pre-mineralization tectonic evolutionary history and the nature of the magma source of the Chalukou Mo deposit, which is located on the western margin of the Xing'an block, we recognized and studied a period of Neoproterozoic magmatism and a suite of Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks in this ore district. The magmatic zircons of quartz chlorite schist collected from the Wolegen Group yielded a concordant 206Pb/238U age of 685.1 ± 4.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.21), and they show very high εHf(t) values (+15.5 to +17.3) and young Hf modal ages (573–664 Ma) close to the formation age, indicating that the protolith was generated during the Neoproterozoic, and was most likely derived from a depleted mantle region. This Neoproterozoic magmatism might represent an important crustal growth event within the Xing'an Block. The host wallrocks in the Chalukou deposit mainly consist of rhyolite, dacite, andesite and volcanic tuff which have undergone slight deformation and metamorphism. The results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicated that they were generated during 472–475 Ma. The results of whole-rock geochemical analysis indicate that they have arc-affinity features characterized by LREE enrichment with moderate to strong fractionation between LREE and HREE (La N /Yb N = 7.7–13.6), intense negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.36–0.71), pronounced positive Ba, Th, U, Pb and La anomalies and negative Nb-Ta, P and Ti anomalies. Hf isotopes show various εHf (t) values ranging from −2.0 to +5.9 and slightly old two-stage model ages ranging from 1070 Ma to 1573 Ma. Combined with discrimination diagrams, these data indicate that they were derived from the partial melting of a slightly older lower crust with the addition of a juvenile crust component in an active continental margin setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean between the Xing'an and Songliao blocks. The existence of Neoproterozoic magmatic activity and Mesoproterozoic lower crustal materials obtained from the Hf model ages of the Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Chalukou ore district demonstrated that Precambrian basement exists in the Xing'an Block, but its distribution area may be limited. As the largest porphyry Mo deposit in China, the ore-forming materials might have multiple sources, considering the long-term and multiple magmatic events that occurred under different tectonic settings in the ore district. The previous modification and refertilization of the lower crust and/or lithospheric mantle by the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean might be important in the generation of the fertile lower crust, which is the direct source of the ore-related porphyries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Duolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit (5.4Mt at 0.72% Cu, 41t at 0.23g/t Au), which is related to the granodiorite porphyry and the quartz–diorite porphyry from the Bangongco copper belt in central Tibet, formed in a continental arc setting. Here, we present the zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical whole-rock, Sr–Nd whole-rock and zircon in-situ Hf–O isotopic data for the Duolong porphyries. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb analyses for six samples yielded consistent ages of ~118Ma, indicating a Cretaceous formation age. The Duolong porphyries (SiO2 of 58.81–68.81wt.%, K2O of 2.90–5.17wt.%) belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. They show light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched distribution patterns with (La/Yb)N =6.1–11.7, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Cs, Rb, and Ba) and depletion of high field strength elements (e.g., Nb), with negative Ti anomalies. All zircons from the Duolong porphyries share relatively similar Hf–O isotopic compositions (δ18O=5.88–7.27‰; εHf(t)=3.6–7.3), indicating that they crystallized from a series of cogenetic melts with various degrees of fractional crystallization. This, along with the general absence of older inherited zircons, rules out significant crustal contamination during zircon growth. The zircons are mostly enriched in δ18O relative to mantle values, indicating the involvement of an 18O-enriched crustal source in the generation of the Duolong porphyries. Together with the presence of syn-mineralization basaltic andesite, the mixing between silicic melts derived from the lower crust and evolved H2O-rich mafic melts derived from the metasomatized mantle wedge, followed by subsequent fractional crystallization (FC) and minor crustal contamination in the shallow crust, could well explain the petrogenesis of the Duolong porphyries. Significantly, the hybrid melts possibly inherited the arc magma characteristics of abundant F, Cl, Cu, and Au elements and high oxidation state, which contributed to the formation of the Duolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Porphyry Cu–Mo deposits, related to the Miocene adakitic porphyries from the Gangdese porphyry copper belt in the southern Tibet, formed in a post-collisional setting. Here, we present the new zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock chemical, and Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic data for the ore-bearing adakitic porphyries from Gangdese porphyry copper belt. LA-ICP-MS zircon dating for six samples yielded ages ranging from 19Ma to 14Ma, indicating they formed in the Miocene. The ore-bearing adakitic porphyries show SiO2 of 61.47–71.67%, K2O of 3.29–4.74%, and high Sr content (394–1106ppm), high Sr/Y ratios (63–158), and low Y (6.12–10.3ppm) and heavy rare earth element contents (e.g. Yb=0.52–0.91ppm). They show steep fractionated REE and flat HREE patterns, and strong enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, and U) and depletion of high field strength elements (Nb), with positive Sr and negative Ti anomalies. There are no linear variations of Ba, La, Sr/Y, Dy/Yb, (87Sr/86Sr)i, and εNd(t) with increasing SiO2 content. Combined with the zircon positive εHf(t) values, and wide range of (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70559 to 0.70908) and of εNd(t) (−6.8 to 0) values for all the adakitic samples, they were likely derived from the melting of garnet-bearing amphibolite in the juvenile arc mafic lower crust. Additionally, the adakitic porphyries with low Th/Nb ratios have lower initial 87Sr/86Sr, and higher εNd(t) and εHf(t) values, and those with high Th/Nb show higher initial 87Sr/86Sr, and lower εNd(t) and εHf(t) values. This indicates that the juvenile arc lower crust is derived from the melting of the mantle wedge that was metasomatized by slab fluid or sediment melt during the Neotethyan ocean subduction. Significantly, the juvenile arc lower crust possibly inherited the arc magma characteristics of abundant in F, Cl, and Cu and high oxidation state, which contributed to the porphyry Cu–Mo deposits in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To reveal the hydrothermal evolution from porphyry Mo to vein-style Zn-Pb mineralization, the Chalukou deposit in NE China with these two typical mineralization overprinted is selected for detailed research. From early to late hydrothermal veins, the quartz cathodoluminescence intensities change from bright to dark and the textures also evolve. The Ti concentrations of quartz in these veins change from high to moderate and then to low values. The fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry and stable isotope analyses indicate intermediate-density magma-derived fluids (δ18Owater = +4.7 to + 6.2‰, δD = −132 to −136‰) exsolved at high temperatures (560° to 600 °C) with low to moderate salinity (2.4 to 8.0 wt% NaCl equiv) containing minor CO 2 (<5.7 mol %). Early minor molybdenite occurred under lithostatic conditions at high temperatures (540° to 580 °C) during fluids pH change and early magnetite precipitation. Later main molybdenite precipitation at moderate temperatures (350° to 430 °C), result from fluid cooling and involving of meteoric water under the transition from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions. The precipitation of pyrite in transitional veins at moderate temperatures (330° to 420 °C), and the late sphalerite-galena from a lower-temperature fluid (180° to 300 °C) is consistent with the cooling of magmatic fluid, and gradually dilution with meteoric water under hydrostatic conditions. It is deduced the transition from porphyry Mo to vein-style Zn-Pb mineralization is likely driven by progressive decrease in temperature of the magmatic fluids and the increasing influx of meteoric water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(a) CL image of Sch3 grains consisting of a homogeneous core and several growth zones. Note that the Zone D and D′ exhibit dissolved inner margins (designated by arrow); (b) REE patterns from the imaged grain. Location of analyses in the domain of the images are marked by the same symbols as in the chondrite normalized REE diagrams; (c, d) CL images and EMPA maps of uranium in scheelite. Location of the mapping domain are marked on (a). • Three generations of scheelite were identified at Dabaoshan deposit. • From early to late generations, scheelites are gradually depleted in Mo, Nb, Ta, V, but enriched in U, Th. • The CL intensity of scheelite shows a negative correlation with U concentrations. • Trace elements and REE in scheelite record the evolution of ore-forming fluids at Dabaoshan deposit. Scheelite, a good proxy to record the complex history of hydrothermal evolution, has been investigated in the Dabaoshan porphyry Mo-W deposit, South China. Based on cathodoluminescence (CL) textures, mineral paragenesis, and chemical characterization, three generations of scheelite were identified (Sch1–Sch3). Sch1 is disseminated in porphyry rocks, or occasionally occurs in early quartz-molybdenite veins. It is CL-dark and contains high concentrations of V, Sr, Mo, Nb, Ta, and rare earth elements (REE), low U/Th ratios (0.37 mean) and light REE (LREE)-enriched patterns with negative Eu anomalies. Sch2 and Sch3 mainly occur in late quartz-pyrite-scheelite ± chalcopyrite veins. Sch2 is CL-bright and commonly rims Sch1, and/or is overgrown by late oscillatory Sch3. Compared with Sch1, Sch2 shows depletion in V, Sr, Mo, Nb, and Ta, but slight enrichment in U and Th, and is characterized by middle REE (MREE)-enriched patterns with negative Eu anomalies. Sch3 grains show reddish-brown color under transmitted light and exhibit oscillatory zonation under CL. Sch3 has elevated concentrations of Mn, U (up to 4484 ppm), and Th (up to 18.8 ppm) contents, and high U/Th ratios (1175 mean). Chemical mapping reveals a negative correlation between U concentrations and CL intensity, which is attributed to the radiation damage caused by the radioactive decay of U. Based on the REE patterns, Sch3 is subdivided into Sch3a and Sch3b. Sch3a shows MREE-enriched patterns with slight negative to positive Eu anomalies, while Sch3b is LREE-enriched and shows gradual depletion in MREE and HREE with increasing positive Eu anomalies in consecutive growth zones. The Dabaoshan porphyry and all generations of scheelites show similar Y/Ho ratios, indicating that ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from the Dabaoshan porphyry. Our results reveal that REE chiefly substitute into scheelite by the mechanism Ca2+ = REE3+ + Na+ while U substitutes for W into scheelite. Sch1 containing the highest concentrations of Mo, V, Nb, and Ta precipitates from the magmatic fluids at high temperature. It inherits the LREE-enriched patterns and negative Eu anomalies from the causative porphyry. From early to late generations, the gradual depletion of Mo, Nb, Ta, and V in scheelite is ascribed to the precipitation of molybdenite, rutile, and scheelite, whereas the increasing concentrations of U and Th in scheelite indicates the gradual enrichment of U and Th in ore-forming fluids. The increasing U/Th ratios in scheelites may result from not only the differential solubility between U and Th in fluids, but also the preferential incorporation of U relative to Th in scheelite. Compared with Sch1, Sch2 and Sch3a are depleted in LREE, which is interpreted to reflect the precipitation of apatite. Sch3b with various REE patterns within single grains is interpreted as precipitation from a closed-system accompanied by intermittent fluid replenishment. This study demonstrates that REE patterns of scheelite are controlled by multiple factors, including substitution mechanism, fluid composition, hydrothermal alteration, precipitation of REE-rich minerals, and hydrothermal dynamics during scheelite growth. The systematic variation of trace elements in scheelite suggests that scheelite chemistry can be used to monitor the evolution of ore-forming fluids in the Dabaoshan deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new zircon U-Pb ages and whole-rock geochemical data for Triassic granitoids in the Duobaoshan ore field, in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Dating results reveal that the Triassic granitoids in the Duobaoshan ore field were emplaced ca. 244–223 Ma. These samples are typical subduction-related arc magmatic rocks that are enriched with large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs), and have relatively high Sr (average 1036 ppm) and low Y (average 10 ppm) and Yb (average 1 ppm) contents that exhibit adakite-like geochemical properties. The samples feature a juvenile whole rock average initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70394 and an average ɛ Nd (t), zircon ɛ Hf (t), and two-stage Hf model age of 4.62, 10.29, and 766 Ma respectively. These geochemical features reveal a thickened lower crust source. Comprehensive analyses of the early Paleozoic, Triassic, and early Jurassic granitoids in the Duobaoshan ore field indicate that the magmatism of these three stages was related to the melting of the juvenile lower continental crust materials. The early Paleozoic was the primary period of vertical crust growth, during which time the juvenile lower continental crust was formed. The Triassic granitoids derived from magma were generated by partial melting of the thickened juvenile lower crust and the Jurassic granitoids derived from the partial melting of the delaminated juvenile lower crust. Geological observation and tectonic setting analyses reveal that the Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime in the Duobaoshan ore field switched to the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean in the Mesozoic after its closure. The early Paleozoic granitoids were formed in a subduction setting related to the northwestward subducted Paleo-Asian Oceanic slab underlying the Erguna-Xing'an composite block. The Triassic granitoids were formed under a supra-subduction extensional regime related to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, and the Jurassic granitoids were generated under a slab rollback setting related to the late stage subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Unlabelled Image • The Triassic granitoids emplaced ca. 244–223 Ma. • They were all related to the melting of juvenile lower crust materials. • The regime switched from the Paleo-Asian Ocean to Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean in Mesozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Halasheng Ag-Pb-Zn ores comprise skarns and intermediate sulfidation epithermal veins. • Sulfide trace elements and δ34S of ore sulfides support a magmatic-hydrothermal relationship. • Three generations of sphalerites with complex textures indicate temporal fluid evolution. • There is strong enrichment of Ag in sphalerite and Ag sulfosalts late in mineralization. • There is exploration potential for a district-scale porphyry mineral system at Halasheng. The Early Cretaceous Halasheng Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in NE China, which is mainly hosted in Jurassic rhyolitic tuff, andesite, and volcanoclastic rocks, comprises both proximal skarns and more distal hydrothermal discordant ore veins and stockworks with associated Fe-Mn-carbonate, illite, and silica alteration in NNW-trending extensional faults. Suggestions of a magmatic-hydrothermal relationship are tested by LA-ICP-MS trace-element and sulfur isotope studies of ore minerals, particularly sphalerite which is a major ore mineral. Sphalerite has at least three types: SpS, anhedral, mainly dark red sphalerite in skarns; Sp1, euhedral, normally pale yellow coarse-grained, and rarely oscillatory zoned sphalerite formed in Stage 2 of hydrothermal vein mineralization; and Sp2, fine-grained, red, non-zoned sphalerite formed in Stage 3 of hydrothermal mineralization. Sphalerite with different textures has As, Ag, Cd, Sb, and Pb contents that increase from proximal skarn to distal hydrothermal mineralization consistent with the increase in sulfosalt minerals in the late hydrothermal stage. In situ time-resolved depth profiles, together with tangential profiles, and LA-ICP-MS element mapping of sphalerite indicate that trace elements are largely in solid solution in Halasheng sphalerite with substitution mechanisms including: Zn2+ ↔ Fe2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, and 3Zn2+↔ (As3+, Sb3+) + Ag++Pb2+. Enrichment of In and Sn, and depletion of Ga and Ge, together with In/Sn ratios indicate the high-temperature ore-forming fluids at Halasheng that are most likely closely related to intrusions. In situ mean δ34S values of SpS, Sp1, and Sp2 sphalerites are 5.3‰, 7.6‰, and 8.3‰, respectively, indicating that sulfur was derived both from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and from wall rocks with higher (>10‰) values. These data help confirm that the Halasheng Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is an intrusion-related deposit with local proximal skarn mineralization at the contact of Tamulangou Formation andesite with Ergunahe Formation crystalline limestone, and more distal vein-type volcanic-hosted hydrothermal mineralization, with both ore and gangue mineral assemblages and available fluid inclusion data suggesting an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal association. As ore-forming hydrothermal fluids cooled and evolved they became enriched in silver, with silver-bearing sulfosalt minerals and silver-rich sphalerite precipitated in the latter stages of deposition. In terms of future exploration, there is potential for the concealed Lower Cretaceous Pb-Zn skarns and intermediate sulfidation Ag-Pb-Zn epithermal deposits at Halasheng to be part of a larger porphyry-related mineral system with porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits, similar to those of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic age in the same metallogenic belt, at deeper crustal levels than the known deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Very few studies were conducted in highland and depositional areas in studying the transport and behavior of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In this study, surface soils were collected from Huan County to investigate the level, profile, and potential influence of PBDEs via regional range atmospheric transport in the central part of the Loess Plateau (CLP) of China, one of the most extensive areas of loess deposition in the world. PBDEs were ubiquitous and log-normally distributed in soils from the CLP with mean concentrations of 0.91 and 0.54ngg−1 for ΣPBDEs (sum of PBDE congeners except for BDE-209) and BDE-209, respectively. BDE-209 was predominated congener (43.5%), followed by BDE-47 (15.7%), 99 (10.7%), and 153 (7.5%). Further principal component analysis on congener profiles showed that PBDEs in the CLP originated from similar source(s). Additionally, significant differences in the ratios of BDE-47 to 99 and BDE-153 to 154 were found between soil samples and commercial products, indicating that they have undergone fractionation during the process of regional range atmospheric transport. The deposition of PBDEs in the CLP could be influenced by the sources from surrounding regions. For example, Xi’an may have potential influence to the CLP based on geographical analysis and concentrations comparison of PBDEs in gaseous. Therefore, more studies are needed to clarify the atmospheric transport and fate of PBDEs in this region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The appinite suite of rocks offers a unique opportunity to reveal the properties of subarc lithospheric mantle, indicate essential crust-mantle interactions, and ascertain critical geodynamic settings. In this study, we present zircon U–Pb ages, Hf–O isotopes, and whole-rock geochemical data for the newly identified Duobaoshan appinite-granite suite in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Field and petrographic investigations show that this suite of rocks is composed of hornblende gabbro, quartz monzonite, and granite porphyry. The appinites are abnormally hornblende-rich, and contain spectacular hornblende phenocrysts, pegmatitic textures, and miarolitic cavity structures that indicate an anomalous water-rich origin. The quartz monzonite and granite porphyry show intrusive contact relations with the appinites. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon dating reveals that the Duobaoshan appinite-granite suite was emplaced in a very short time interval of 224–223 Ma. These samples show typical subduction related arc magmatic geochemical characteristics that are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (REEs), depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) and middle and heavy REEs. All samples exhibit comparative total REEs and no significant evolutionary relationships. The appinites show high Sr/Y ratios (reaching ~100) and positive or zero Eu anomalies, which reveal amphibole fractionation promotion and plagioclase fractionation suppression in a water-rich magma system. The quartz monzonite possesses high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios that exhibit adakite-like properties and were derived from thickened lower continental crust. The granite porphyry is silica-rich and non-adakitic. All samples have juvenile whole-rock initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (~0.7038) and ɛ Nd (t) values. Zircons have depleted mantle-like ɛ Hf (t) (to +12.0) and δ18O (~ + 5.65‰) values. Combining these geochemical features with observations of the regional geology and tectonic setting, we propose that the Duobaoshan appinite-granite suite was generated under a Triassic back-arc extensional setting related to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. The appinites were derived from an unusual water-rich mantle source, which was previously metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. The quartz monzonite and granite porphyry were generated from partial melting of the juvenile lower continental crust triggered by coeval appinitic magma underplating. [Display omitted] • The Triassic Duobaoshan appinite-granite suite was emplaced ca. 224–223 Ma. • The mafic appinites were derived from an unusual water-rich mantle source. • Appinitic magma underplating causes juvenile crust melt and formation of granitoids. • Appinite-granite suite generated in an extensional setting of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Data on long-term tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) therapy for pregnant women with active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (immune clearance and reactivation phases, currently and previously diagnosed) and their infants are lacking., Methods: Pregnant women with active CHB treated with TAF and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) were enrolled in this multicenter prospective study, and infants received immunoprophylaxis. The primary outcomes were rates of adverse (safety) events in pregnant women and defects in infants and fetuses. The secondary outcomes were virologic responses in pregnant women, infants' safety, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status, and growth conditions., Results: One hundred three and 104 pregnant women were enrolled and 102 and 104 infants were born in the TAF and TDF groups, respectively. In the TAF group, the mean age, gestational age, alanine aminotransferase level, and viral loads at treatment initiation were 29.3 years, 1.3 weeks, 122.2 U/L, and 5.1 log 10 IU/mL, respectively. TAF was well-tolerated, and the most common adverse event was nausea (29.1%) during a mean of 2 years of treatment. Notably, 1 (1.0%) TAF-treated pregnant woman underwent induced abortion due to noncausal fetal cleft lip and palate. No infants in either group had birth defects. In the TAF group, the hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rate was 20.7% at postpartum month 6, infants had normal growth parameters, and no infants were positive for HBsAg at 7 months. The TDF group had comparable safety and effectiveness profiles., Conclusions: TAF administered throughout or beginning in early pregnancy is generally safe and effective for pregnant women with active CHB and their infants., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Currently, COVID-19 has been reported in nearly all countries globally. To date, little is known about the viral shedding duration, clinical course and treatment efficacy of COVID-19 near Hubei Province, China. This multicentre, retrospective study was performed in 12 hospitals in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces from 20 January to 8 February 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up until 26 March 2020. The viral shedding duration, full clinical course and treatment efficacy were analysed in different subgroups of patients. A total of 149 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The median age was 42 years, and 61.1% (91) were males. Of them, 133 (89.3%) had fever, 131 of 144 (91%) had pneumonia, 27 (18.1%) required intensive care unit (ICU) management, 3 (2%) were pregnant, and 3 (2%) died. Two premature newborns were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In total, the median SARS-CoV-2 shedding period and clinical course were 12 (IQR: 9-17; mean: 13.4, 95% CI: 12.5, 14.2) and 20 (IQR: 16-24; mean: 21.2, 95% CI: 20.1, 22.3) days, respectively, and ICU patients had longer median viral shedding periods (21 [17-24] versus 11 [9-15]) and clinical courses (30 [22-33] vs. 19 [15.8-22]) than non-ICU patients (both p < .0001). SARS-CoV-2 clearances occurred at least 2 days before fatality in 3 non-survivors. Current treatment with any anti-viral agent or combination did not present the benefit of shortening viral shedding period and clinical course (all p > .05) in real-life settings. In conclusion, the viral shedding duration and clinical course in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces were shorter than those in Hubei Province, and current anti-viral therapies were ineffective for shortening viral shedding duration and clinical course in real-world settings. These findings expand our knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be helpful for management of the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide. Further studies concerning effective anti-viral agents and vaccines are urgently needed., (© 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)

Objective: To investigate liver transplantation patients who survived for more than 5 years for the occurrences of their various long-term complications, prevention and treatment., Methods: By May 31, 2010, totally 69 patients who had received liver transplantation from July 2000 to May 2005 in Peking University People's Hospital were still alive. We reviewed the clinical data of these patients and the recent records of their liver and kidney functions, blood pressure, blood sugar and blood fat, etc. The occurrences of their various long-term complications were summarized and the status of treatment was studied., Results: In these 69 patients, 39.1% (27/69) of them were overweight or obese, 33.3% (23/69) had post transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM), 26.1% (18/69) had hyperlipemia, 20.3% (14/69) suffered from renal insufficiency, 15.9% (11/69) had hypertension and 23.2% (16/69) had hyperuricemia. Interestingly, the occurrences of PTDM and hyperlipemia in overweight or obese patients were higher than those in normal weight patients (48.2% vs. 23.8% and 40.7% vs. 16.7%, P<0.05). In addition, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection recurred in 4 patients out of the 61 patients who had HBV related liver disease pre-operation, and liver cancer relapsed in 3 patients out of the 19 patients who had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pre-operation. Totally 4 patients received re-transplant during the follow-up., Conclusion: The occurrences of long-term complications in liver transplantation patients who survived for more than 5 years were rather high, so the follow-up should be strengthened and procedures done to avoid the exacerbation of these complications.

Objective: To determine the preventative and curative strategies after liver transplantation by investigating the risk factors on prognosis., Methods: The data of 565 consecutive patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed with the survival rate and complication morbidity., Results: The follow-up time ranges from 3 to 104 months of all the 565 patients after liver transplantation. From January 2004 to January 2009, the patient survival rates were 91.2% after 1 month, 84.9% after 1 year, 69.2% after 3 years, and 66.1% after 5 years, while they were 87.8%, 73.2%, 60.2%, and 57.7% from May 2000 to December 2003. The patient survival rates were 83.3% after 1 year, 79.8% after 3 years, and 78.5% after 5 years in non-hepatocellular carcimoma (non-HCC) group, while they were 78.4%, 49.1%, and 45.1% in HCC group. In early stage after surgery, the morbidities of re-operation due to intra-abdominal hemorrage, vascular complication, severe infection, acute renal failure and primary graft dysfunction were 1.1%, 1.6%, 13.6%, 7.4%, and 1.2%, while in late stage, the morbidities of HCC recurrence, biliary complications, HBV recurrence, de novo malignancy, chronic graft dysfunction were 40.3%, 6.7%, 2.1%, 0.9%, 0.9%, and 1.1%, respectively. The HCC recurrent rates were 8.1% versus 62.5% in matching Milan criteria group or exceeding Milan criteria group and the median survival time was 19.6 months of all recurrent patients., Conclusion: Liver transplantation has been the effective treatment for end stage liver disease. Due to the shortage of graft,we prefer to do operations for the patients without HCC or the patients with HCC but matching Milan Criteria.

Objective: To study the risk factors of renal failure in the early post-liver transplantation period., Methods: 92 consecutive liver transplantation cases were reviewed and a multi-factor analysis of presumed risk factors of early post-transplantation period renal failure was conducted. The factors analyzed were total bilirubin level, prothrombin activity, onset of structural renal disease, onset of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, whether the patient underwent large-volume paracentesis, or underwent plasmapheresis therapy, needed renal replacement therapy, the operation method used, the bleeding volume during operation and the immunosuppressive agents used., Results: Of the 92 patients, 29 (31.5%) developed acute renal failure (ARF) in the early postoperative period. Multi-factor analysis revealed a high pre-transplantation serum creatinine level and low prothrombin activity as risk factors for development of ARF., Conclusion: ARF is a frequent medical complication after liver transplantation. A high pre-transplantation serum creatinine level and low prothrombin activity are risk factors of its development.