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Simple Summary: Assessing and understanding the genetic resources of indigenous livestock populations is necessary to address issues associated with conservation and domestic supply, etc. This study examined the Korean native pig (KNP; Sus scrofa coreanus), which is among the native porcine breeds in South Korea, in terms of its overall genetic diversity and ancestry. According to 60K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) BeadChip analyses, the KNP pig showed similarity to Western breeds than to Chinese breeds. This conclusion runs contrary to popular belief as a Chinese origin of KNP pigs, as suggested by previous historical and genetic studies. We also describe the possibility of potential biases in the analysis results. The Korean native pig (KNP; Sus scrofa coreanus) is an indigenous porcine breed in South Korea considered as a valuable but dwindling genetic resource. Studies using diverse methodologies and genetic markers suggest that this population originated from the Manchu province of Northeastern China and migrated approximately 3000 years ago into the Korean peninsula. This study aimed to verify those findings by performing diversity and ancestral analyses using the 60K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) BeadChip on 891 pigs of 47 breeds worldwide. We also performed principal component analysis (PCA), ancestry analyses, phylogenetic tree analysis using SNPhylo, and linkage disequilibrium analysis. Furthermore, we generated heatmap, obtained Nei's genetic distance and FST values, and explored the heterozygosity of commercial and native Korean pigs. The results demonstrated that KNP pigs are more closely related to European breeds than to Chinese breeds. In addition, as previous studies have suggested, our admixture analyses indicated that KNP pigs showed distinguishable genetic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Neoproterozoic rocks recognized in several locations on the Korean Peninsula provide important insight into the geological correlation between the Korean Peninsula and China and for understanding the tectonic processes occurring in northeastern Asia. The Gogunsan Islands, located on the southwestern margin of the Gyeonggi Massif of the Korean Peninsula, consist of Neoproterozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks. The sedimentary rocks in the Gogunsan Islands are divided into the Maldo and Bangchukdo Formations. The Maldo Formation was deposited sometime between 950 and 894 Ma and intruded by or tectonically contacted Neoproterozoic igneous rocks 930–894 Ma in an arc tectonic setting. The εHf (t) values of metabasites (3.63 to −5.09) and metagranitoids (3.29 to −5.76) indicate that the metabasites were formed from 1.67–1.32 Ga depleted mantle and the metagranitoids were formed by the reworking of ancient crust, which formed from 2.14–1.57 Ga depleted mantle. The metabasites in the Maldo Formation underwent intermediate-P/T amphibolite-facies metamorphism (4.35 ± 1.15 kbar and 465 ± 15 °C) with strong deformation before the deposition of the Bangchukdo Formation, indicating a collision event. The Bangchukdo Formation was deposited after 792–763 Ma in the rifting tectonic setting. The data in this and previous studies suggest that the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks in the Gogunsan Islands can be correlated to arc-related Neoproterozoic rocks formed during the Jiangnan orogeny on the southern margin of the Yangtze Block in the South China Craton. Along the Jiangnan orogenic belt, the arc stage was followed by the collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks. The collision may have started in the Korean Peninsula and propagated westwards into South China. • Gogunsan Islands(GI) located in southwestern Gyeonggi Massif in Korean Peninsula. • The Maldo Formation(MF) in GI underwent intermediate-P/T metamorphism. • Neoproterozoic igneous rocks intruded the MF at 930-894 Ma in arc tectonic setting. • The Bangchukdo Formation was deposited after 792–763 Ma in rifting tectonic setting. • GI can be correlated with the Jiangnan orogenic belt in the South China Craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the Jiaobei Terrane has not been well studied, but it is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of Jiao-Liao-Ji belt in the east North China Craton. In this work, ~2.1 Ga mafic and granitic intrusions in the Jiaobei Terrane, including the Xiliu amphibolite, Dongbaishishan granite and Gujiacun granite, are studied in detail. The Xiliu amphibolite intruded the Archean basement and the Dongbaishishan granite intruded the Paleoproterozoic Jingshan Group. SHRIMP zircon U Pb geochronology shows that both amphibolite and granite were emplaced simultaneously at ~2.1 Ga and were metamorphosed at ~1.87–1.84 Ga. The ~2.1 Ga Xiliu amphibolite samples show a tholeiitic basalt composition; they exhibit enriched light rare earth elements (REEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., U and K), but depleted high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ta, P, Zr, Hf and Ti). They experienced the fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene. Whole-rock Nd isotopes show that the ~2.1 Ga amphibolites were generated from partial melting of the Archean enriched mantle, and that the mantle source was affected by the addition of subduction-related fluids/melts. The ~2.1 Ga Dongbaishishan and Gujiacun granite samples in the Jiaobei Terrane show granodiorite to granite compositions with metaluminous and calc-alkaline characteristics. They show decreasing Fe 2 O 3 T, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Na 2 O and P 2 O 5 , but increasing K 2 O, with increasing SiO 2 contents. This indicates that Fe Ti oxide, plagioclase and apatite were fractionated during magmatic evolution, which is confirmed by the negative Eu, Sr, P, and Ti anomalies. Compared with the 2.18 Ga A-type granites derived from partial melting of tonalites in the Jiaobei Terrane, major elemental geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopes showed that ~2.1 Ga granites were generated from partial melting of the low-K mafic lower crust possibly due to mantle-derived magmatic underplating. The ~2.1 Ga Jiaobei amphibolites show similar geochemical and isotopic characteristics to the contemporaneous mafic rocks in the north Liaoji and south Anhui areas of the Jiao-Liao-Ji belt. Together with the volcano-sedimentary series and A 2 - and I-type granitic gneiss in the belt, these ~2.1 Ga mafic rocks probably formed in a subduction-related back-arc extension environment. In addition, both episodes of the 2.18 Ga and 2.1 Ga granites in the Jiaobei Terrane show high-temperature magmatic characters, which can be attributed to mantle-derived magmatic heating. The younger episode (2.1 Ga) granites indicate that there was stronger mantle-derived magmatism in a back-arc extended zone. • ~2.1 Ga amphibolites and granites were emplaced in the Jiaobei Terrane. • The amphibolites originated from partial melting of the Archean enriched mantle. • The granites originated from partial melting of a mafic crust in high temperature. • The ~2.2–2.1 Ga magmatism probably formed in a subduction-related back-arc basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water quality of the northern Caspian Sea has not been well-known, and its contamination can adversely affect the health of swimmers and seashore residents. The study sought to determine the contamination state of the Caspian Sea in Kazakhstan and quantify human health risks coming from the existing heavy metals concentration. The Caspian Sea was found to be "fairly to marginally" contaminated (24 < CCME-WQI < 64), with Cd influencing the index significantly. Concentrations of Cd and Pb increase over time (seasonal Kendall test, p-values = 2-4 %) in sites near oil fields and ports, suggesting the significant role of anthropogenic sources in causing diverse pollution events. Pb demonstrated the highest variability and number of outliers (4.3 % of all samples with coefficients of variation reaching up to 175 %). The principal component analysis further revealed that various discharges from oilfields and upstream transport could contribute to the contamination by heavy metals and their concentrations. Contamination is associated with up to 6 % cancer risk for adults. The long exposure duration of swimmers in water increases risks by up to 18 %, indicating the local population is at a higher risk. In conclusion, statistical tests and analysis indicate the presence of anthropogenic sources, and risk assessment reveals swimming can contribute to cancer risk., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)