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Objective Evaluate the feasibility and psychometric properties of the Infant Toddler Quality of Life (ITQOL) questionnaire as a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a sample of Chinese infants. Methods The linguistically validated Simplified Chinese version of the ITQOL was used in a multicenter, observational study of healthy, term infants (N = 427), age 6 weeks at enrollment, in China. At Days 1 and 48, parents/guardians completed the ITQOL, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2) and the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ). ITQOL feasibility, reliability, ceiling/floor effects, concurrent validity and discriminatory validity were evaluated. Results Feasibility of administering the ITQOL was supported by strong response rates (> 97%) with < 1% missing items for all scales except physical abilities. Reliability was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.70) for all scales except Day 1 General Health (0.67). Floor effects were minimal (< 2%), except Day 1 physical abilities (7%). Ceiling effects increased from Days 1 to 48 across all scales. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by correlations between ITQOL infant-focused scales and IGSQ score (r = −0.20 to − 0.34, p < 0.001) and between parent-focused scales and SF-12v2 mental health composite (MCS) scores (r = 0.29-0.46, p < 0.001). ITQOL scales discriminated between infant subgroups based on illness-related outcomes (sick visits, adverse events) and between parent subgroups based on SF-12v2 MCS scores. Conclusion The Simplified Chinese version of the ITQOL performed well in a community-based sample of Chinese infants, with evidence supporting the instrument’s feasibility, reliability, and validity. These data support the ITQOL as a valuable tool to assess HRQOL in Chinese infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]