Search

Background: The incidence of stroke in China ranks first in the world and is the leading cause of death and disability in adults. Urinary incontinence is an independent risk factor leading to poor prognosis of stroke. However, studies on the incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients and its influencing factors are different, fluctuate greatly, and there is no unified basis. Objective: To quantitatively analyze the incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients and its related influencing factors, and further make public health strategic decisions to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Methods: Computer searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CLNAHL Complete, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical database(CBM), Wan Fang Database, VIP Database, observational studies such as cohort studies, case‐control studies or cross‐sectional studies on the incidence or influencing factors of urinary incontinence in stroke patients from the establishment of the database to the publication in August 2023. Studies selection, quality evaluation and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers according to the established search strategy. Stata 14.0 statistical software was used for meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 21 manuscripts were included, with a cumulative sample size of 7327 cases, including 2887 patients with urinary incontinence. Meta‐analysis results showed that the incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients was 38% [95% confidence interval (34%, 41%)], including married patients and lacunar infarction were the protective factors for urinary incontinence in stroke patients, while age, chaperone, low educational level, chronic cough, lesion sites (parietal lobe, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe), stroke type (cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage complicated with subarachnoid hemorrhage), dysfunction (aphasia dyslexia, dysphagia, eye movement abnormalities, leg muscle disorders), post‐stroke depression, the higher the NIHSS score, the lower the Bachmann index (BI) score, OCSP classification (total anterior circulation infarction) and other 11 items were risk factors for urinary incontinence in stroke patients. Conclusion: The incidence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients is 38%. Marriage and lacunar infarction are the protective factors of urinary incontinence. Age, carer, low educational level, chronic cough, lesion site (parietal, frontal and temporal lobes), stroke type (cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage combined with subarachnoid hemorrhage), dysfunction (aphasia and dysarthria syndrome, dysphagia, eye movement abnormalities, leg muscle disorders), post‐stroke depression, and higher NIHSS score, Lower BI score and OCSP classification (total anterior circulation infarction) were risk factors for urinary incontinence in stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate nurses' behavioral intention toward caring for COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation, as well as the factors affecting their intention. Background: COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation have many care needs and pose more challenges for nurses, which might adversely affect nurses' intention toward caring behavior. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted by using simple random sampling to recruit 598 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. The participants responded to an online questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics; the Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Intention of Nurses toward Mechanically Ventilated Patients (ASIMP) questionnaire; the Nursing Professional Identity Scale (NPIS); and the Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale (CF-Short Scale). ANOVA, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the data. Results: The mean total behavioral intention score was 179.46 (± 14.83) out of a total score of 189.00, which represented a high level of intention toward caring for patients on mechanical ventilation. Multiple linear regression revealed that subjective norms (β = 0.390, P<0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.149, P<0.001), professional identity (β = 0.101, P = 0.009), and compassion fatigue (β = 0.088 P = 0.024) were significant predictors of nurses' behavioral intention. Conclusions: Most nurses have a positive behavioral intention to care for COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The findings in this study provide some insight for developing effective and tailored strategies to promote nurses' behavioral intention toward caring for ventilated patients under the pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adjuvant docetaxel-based chemotherapy is frequently used in the treatment of operable early breast cancer (EBC). This study investigated patterns of docetaxel use in patients with EBC in real-world clinical practice in China.Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study of Chinese women with operable breast cancer in tier 1 non-oncology-specific hospitals and other city hospitals in China. Adult Chinese female patients (≥ 18 years) with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent surgery and received docetaxel-containing adjuvant chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion. The primary end point of the study was to assess patterns of docetaxel use for adjuvant therapy in Chinese clinical practice. Secondary end points included factors associated with treatment selection, patterns of G-CSF use and safety.Results: In total, 502 patients were enrolled, 475 of whom were included in the analysis. The results showed that 31.6% of patients received docetaxel and anthracyclines in combination, 47.2% received docetaxel and anthracyclines sequentially, 18.5% received docetaxel and other medication either in combination or sequentially and 2.7% received 'other' chemotherapy regimens. Factors influencing selection of docetaxel/anthracycline in combination versus sequentially included age, breast cancer subgroup, PR status, and preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A total of 258 (54.3%), 35 (7.4%), and 108 (22.7%) patients received G-CSF as primary prevention, secondary prevention and treatment, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 54.5% (259) of patients, and the most frequently reported TEAEs (≥ 5% of patients) included bone marrow failure (10.1%), granulocytopenia (9.9%), nausea (8.8%) and vomiting (6.9%). Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were reported by 10 and 12 patients, respectively.Conclusion: Docetaxel for adjuvant chemotherapy of operable EBC in China was most commonly given in combination or sequentially with anthracyclines. The study also showed that in China G-CSF is most frequently used as primary prophylactic, and no unexpected safety events were observed during docetaxel treatment.Funding: Sanofi (China). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the curative effect of tropisetron hydrochloride in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with tracheal catheter alter oral and maxillofacial surgery. METHODS: 120 cases with tracheal catheter after oral and maxillofacial surgery, ASA I or II, were randomly divided into six groups with 20 eases in each group. At the end of the surgery group A did not use tropisetron; Group B,C,D,E,F used tropisetron(2.5 mg and 5mg through single intravenous injection at group B and C,2.5 mg and 5mg through continuous intravenous infusion by PCIA pump at group D and E, 2.5 mg single intravenous injection and 2.mg through continuous intravenous infusion by PCIA pump at group F after operation). The VAS 12, 24, 48 hours after operation and the incidences of nausea and vomiting in the 6 groups were recorded.The data was analyzed using SPSS11.0 software package. RESULTS: PONV was in all 6 groups but the incidence and degree were different.The incidence of nausea and vomiting in Group A was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05). The incidence and degree of nausea and vomiting in Group F were significantly lower than that in group A, B, C, D (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in VAS among all 6 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Intravenous infusion of tropisetron can decrease PONV in patients with tracheal catheter after oral and maxillofacial surgery and continuous intravenous infusion is more effective than single intravenous infusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paddy fields are hotspots of microbial denitrification, which is typically linked to the oxidation of electron donors such as methane (CH 4 ) under anoxic and hypoxic conditions. While several anaerobic methanotrophs can facilitate denitrification intracellularly, whether and how aerobic CH 4 oxidation couples with denitrification in hypoxic paddy fields remains virtually unknown. Here we combine a ~3300 km field study across main rice-producing areas of China and 13 CH 4 -DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments to investigate the role of soil aerobic CH 4 oxidation in supporting denitrification. Our results reveal positive relationships between CH 4 oxidation and denitrification activities and genes across various climatic regions. Microcosm experiments confirm that CH 4 and methanotroph addition promote gene expression involved in denitrification and increase nitrous oxide emissions. Moreover, 13 CH 4 -DNA-SIP analyses identify over 70 phylotypes harboring genes associated with denitrification and assimilating 13 C, which are mostly belonged to Rubrivivax, Magnetospirillum, and Bradyrhizobium. Combined analyses of 13 C-metagenome-assembled genomes and 13 C-metabolomics highlight the importance of intermediates such as acetate, propionate and lactate, released during aerobic CH 4 oxidation, for the coupling of CH 4 oxidation with denitrification. Our work identifies key microbial taxa and pathways driving coupled aerobic CH 4 oxidation and denitrification, with important implications for nitrogen management and greenhouse gas regulation in agroecosystems., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Mastectomy techniques have been extended to nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). This study aimed to assess the actual application of NSM in China and identify the factors influencing postoperative complications., Methods: The clinical data of 615 patients (641 surgeries) undergoing NSM from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018 at 28 centers nationwide were retrospectively analyzed to obtain the rate of NSM and investigate factors related to NSM surgery., Results: The proportion of NSM surgery performed in this study was 2.67% (17/641). Malignant breast tumors accounted for the majority of NSM surgery (559/641, 87.2%). A total of 475 (77.3%) patients underwent NSM combined with reconstructive surgery. The rate of reconstruction decreased with age in our study, and implants were the most common option (344/641, 53.7%) in reconstruction. Radial incision was the most selected method regardless of reconstruction. However, for those who underwent reconstruction surgery, 18.4% (85/462) of cases also chose curvilinear incision, while in the simple NSM surgery group, more patients chose circumareolar incision (26/136, 19.1%). The tumor-to-nipple distance (TND) influenced postoperative complications (P = 0.004). There were no relationships between postoperative complications and tumor size, tumor location, histologic grade, molecular subtype, nipple discharge, and axillary lymph nodes., Conclusions: NSM surgery is feasible and only TND influenced postoperative complications of NSM surgery. But the proportion of NSM surgery performed is still low in nationwide centers of China. The selection criteria for appropriate surgical methods are important for NSM in clinical practice. To optimize clinical applications of NSM, further multicenter prospective randomized controlled studies are needed., Trial Registration: ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR1900027423; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=38739., (Copyright © 2021 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.)

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is crucial in cancer and is well characterized as a negative T-cell regulator that functions by delivering inhibitory signals. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between PD-1 polymorphisms (rs10204525, rs2227982, and rs7421861) and breast cancer risk.We selected 560 breast cancer patients and 583 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls from Northwest China. The PD-1 polymorphisms were genotyped by using Sequenom MassARRAY. Associations were estimated with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).For the rs10204525 and rs7421861 polymorphisms, no differences in breast cancer risk were found in any of the genetic models. For the rs2227982 polymorphism, the variant genotypes were significantly associated with decreased breast cancer risk (CT vs CC: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.91; CT + TT vs CC: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53-0.90). In analyses stratified by age, the decreased risk was observed among the younger subjects (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97). We found that the decreased risk observed for the variant genotypes of rs2227982 was associated with the Her-2 status (CT vs CC: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.37-0.84; CT + TT vs CC: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38-0.82). The haplotype analysis showed that the Ars10204525 Trs2227982 Crs7421861 haplotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.34-0.75).Our findings support an association between the PD-1 rs2227982 polymorphism and decreased breast cancer risk, especially in Her-2 positive breast cancer patients in the Chinese population.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role as regulators of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in cancer-related processes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs have been shown to be relevant to various different cancers, including breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between miRNA-related gene polymorphisms (miR-196a2, miR-499, and miR-608) and the risk of BC in a Chinese population. Gene polymorphisms were analyzed in 1143 subjects (controls = 583; BC = 560). The 3 SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenom Mass-ARRAY platform. The associations between the SNP frequencies and BC were assessed by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), as well as by applying Chi-square tests. The miR-196a2 (rs11614913) T allele was associated with a decreased risk of BC based on results from dominant (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52-0.86), recessive (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.48-0.86), and allele models (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.62-0.86). In contrast, the miR-499 (rs3746444) AG/GG genotypes were associated with an increased risk of BC (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.10-1.91), and miR-608 (rs4919510) was not significantly associated with BC risk. Our study suggested that the polymorphisms of rs11614913 and rs3746444 may be associated with BC risk in Chinese individuals., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

DNA polymerases are responsible for ensuring stability of the genome and avoiding genotoxicity caused by a variety of factors during DNA replication. Consequently, these proteins have been associated with an increased cancer risk. DNA polymerase kappa (POLK) is a specialized DNA polymerase involved in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) that allows DNA synthesis over the damaged DNA. Recently, some studies investigated relationships between POLK polymorphisms and cancer risk, but the role of POLK genetic variants in breast cancer (BC) remains to be defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of POLK polymorphisms on BC risk.We used the Sequenom MassARRAY method to genotype 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in POLK (rs3213801, rs10077427, and rs5744533), in order to determine the genotypes of 560 BC patients and 583 controls. The association of genotypes and BC was assessed by computing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) from logistic regression analyses.We found a statistically significant difference between patient and control groups in the POLK rs10077427 genotypic groups, excluding the recessive model. A positive correlation was also found between positive progesterone receptor (PR) status, higher Ki67 index, and rs10077427 polymorphism. For rs5744533 polymorphism, the codominant, dominant, and allele models frequencies were significantly higher in BC patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, our results indicated that rs5744533 SNP has a protective role in the postmenopausal women. However, we failed to find any associations between rs3213801 polymorphism and susceptibility to BC.Our results indicate that POLK polymorphisms may influence the risk of developing BC, and, because of this, may serve as a prognostic biomarker among Chinese women.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the array of causative organisms for septic arthritis in children and their antibiotic resistance patterns over a 20-year period at a single medical center. The medical records of children younger than 16 years with septic arthritis admitted to a hospital in China from 1989 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 158 cases of septic arthritis were studied, 70 from 1989 to 1998 and 88 from 1999 to 2008. Between the first and second decades, occurrence of serious illnesses decreased significantly from 44.3% to 28.4% (P<.04). The positive percentage was only 55.6% in the first decade and 44.82% in the second decade. The causative organisms of major significance between the 2 decades changed little, except methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increasing significantly. Staphylococci remained the major causative organisms for joint infection. The percentage of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to various antibiotics increased: 85% to 100% for penicillin, 58.8% to 75% for erythromycin, 0% to 31.3% for cefazolin, and 15% to 29.4% for multi-resistance. In the second decade, 4 MRSA stains were multi-resistant. However, gentamincin resistance remained at the same level. Antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli changed little. The incidences of osteomyelitis and joint dislocation decreased significantly, from 15.7% to 6% and 28.6% to 14.8%, respectively (P<.04). The distribution of causative organisms of septic arthritis in young patients changed slightly during the 20-year period, while antibiotic resistance of the major causative organisms increased and the incidences of serious illness-osteomyelitis and joint dislocation-decreased significantly., (Copyright 2011, SLACK Incorporated.)

Emmenopterys henryi, an endemic species in China, has been one of the grade II national key conservation rare and endangered plants. The spectra of stem and leaf of Emmenopterys henryi sampling from seven different geographical populations were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry with OMNI-sampler directly, fast and accurately. A positioning technology of OMNIC E.S.P.5.1 intelligent software and ATR correction was used. It was scanned for the background before the determination of every example. The peak value and absorbance were ascertained using a method of baseline correction in infrared spectra. Based on the indices of wave number-absorbance from 721 to 3366 cm(-1), the differences of these infrared spectra were compared by the methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Results showed that there were some differences in FTIR spectra between stem and leaf of Emmenopterys henryi, so it was better to study the diversity of different geographical populations through using the leaf, for which the distance coefficient of clustering analysis plot and the position relationship of principal component analysis three-dimensional plot of the seven populations were bigger. Being far away from others populations, the infrared spectra of Emmenopterys henryi in Dapan Mountain and Gutian mountain had special characteristics, indicating significant diversity. At the same time, the infrared spectra of Jiulong Mountain, Wuyan Mountain and Songyang populations had their own characteristics. There were no significant difference in the position relationship of three-dimensional plot and distance coefficient of clustering analysis plot, showing that the chemical compositions of these three populations were of little difference, and the diversity differentiation was not remarkable. However, there were some significant differences in populations' diversity between Fengyang Mountain and Wencheng. It was indicated that the chemical composition of Emmenopterys henryi was affected by the special geographic positions and environment conditions. In a word, the remarkable differences in the chemical compositions of Emmenopterys henryi populations were consistent with their geographic distance far and near. The results also showed that there was good correspondence between the position relationship of PCA three-dimensional plot and distance coefficient of clustering analysis plot of the samples based on the indices of wave number-absorbance of FTIR and their geographic distance relationship. Therefore, FTIR can be used widely for studying and protecting the rare and endangered plants. It is not only provides the theoretic base of community ecology and ecosystem ecology of Emmenopterys henryi, but also has important theory and realistic meaning for exploring the mechanism of species endangerment, protecting and proliferating the populations of Emmenopterys henryi.

According to the conservative sequence in the epitaxial variable region of Thailand strain of WSSV published in GenBank,a pair of primers were designed to amplify the variable region genes of 5 local WSSV strains (ZHSH, ZHJ, HN, QD1, QD2) by PCR and then cloned. In accordance with the CN, the results indicated that the number of nucleotide of 5 strains were deleted more than 591bp of the TW and TH strains. The ZHSH and HN strains that deleted 591bp at the 3' end, and 454 bp at the 5' end of variable gene was highly homologous with CN strain about 99.3%. 229bp of ZHJ strain at the 5' end was homologous with CN about 99.3%, and deleted of 816bp at the 3' end. 97bp at the 5' end and 171bp at the 3' end of QD1 and QD2 strains were homologous with CN strain about 99.3%, and about 777bp were absent in the middle. The above data showed that the variable region genes of WSSV had mutated more in China. The variable region gene of QD2 strain was coincidence with that of QD1 after propagating 10 generations in crayfish. The results indicated that the crayfish inoculation did not result in mutation of variable region genes of WSSV.