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Numerous studies examining the portrayals of gender, race, and nationality in sports commentary have been conducted through the years: however, comparative analyses of commentaries from different countries have been rare. This study examined commentary from 3 different countries (the U.S., Chinese Taipei, and South Korea) during a Major League Baseball (MLB) World Series. An entertainment theory schema was adopted and the 3 countries were categorized based on dispositional relativity (affiliation) with MLB. Findings indicate that South Korean broadcasts, which had the lowest affiliation with MLB, were biased toward the Boston Red Sox and presented the most evaluative commentaries; U.S. commentaries were generally positive and contained the largest portion of informative comments; and Chinese commentaries were unbiased and also provided a large number of informative comments. This implies that sports games using the same visual images can be framed differently by commentators based on the disposition (affiliation) level of audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors attempt to identify the types of marketing strategies that Korean marketers employ in China and investigate the strategies' relationships with market performance. The authors expect Korean marketing strategies in China to differ from those of Western multinational corporations. Data were collected from surveys of managers of 86 Korean firms. The results identify four groups of firms with distinctive marketing strategies, including firms pursuing a localization strategy, those emphasizing product competitiveness, those pursuing a medium price-quality positioning strategy, and those passively selling quality products at high prices. In addition, the analysis suggests that Korean firms emphasizing product competitiveness have superior market performance, whereas firms pursuing localization show poor performance. Conversely, Korean firms pursuing the medium price--quality positioning strategy with an emphasis on value for money exhibit moderately good performance. Finally, the authors also discuss managerial implications pertaining to appropriate marketing strategies and tactics for Korean marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author examines the philosophy of "qi" by Chinese philosopher Zhang Zai, the ritual propriety of this philosophy, and the consistency of the role of the well-field system with the function of ritual propriety. He discusses the core motif of the philosophy of qi, and the role of this philosophy in realizing the state of great harmony.

This paper attempts to explore recent socio-demographic changes in the ethnic Korean population in Yanbian autonomous prefecture. Based on analysis of data from the 1990 and 2000 Chinese population censuses, this study focuses on recent changes in fertility, mortility and population structure of ethnic Koreans in Yanbian. Due to a rapid decrease in the level of fertility and population ageing, the Korean population in Yanbian has been in a decreasing trend in absolute numbers after the introduction of the market economy and the establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and China. The growing tendency of regional mobility for work and marriage, the rapid expansion of residential areas, a serious crisis in ethnic education in Korean schools, and weakening social integration and ethnic identity of Koreans in Yanbian are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]