Search

Purpose: Digitalization is increasingly important for promoting authentic CSR practices. Firms with higher CSR levels motivate their employees to pursue their goals and demonstrate their social responsibility. However, the literature has not adequately examined how firm-level digitalization influences corporate sustainability from a governance perspective. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring how digitalization affects CSR disclosure, a key aspect of sustainability, at the firm level. Furthermore, this study also aims to investigate how governance factors, such as management power, internal control and minority shareholder pressure, moderate this effect. Design/methodology/approach: This study employs a fixed effect model with robust standard errors to analyze how digitalization and CSR disclosure are related and how this relationship is moderated by governance heterogeneity among Chinese A-share companies from 2010 to 2020. The sample consists of 2,339 firms, of which 360 are SOEs and 1,979 are non-SOEs. To ensure robustness, this study has excluded the observations in 2020 to avoid the effects of COVID-19 and used an alternative measure of CSR disclosure based on the HEXUN CSR disclosure index. Furthermore, this study also explores the link in various corporate-level CSR settings. Findings: The regression findings reveal that: First, Chinese A-share firms with higher digitalization levels disclose less CSR information. This finding holds for both SOEs and non-SOEs. Second, stronger management power has a negative moderating effect that weakens the link between digitalization and CSR disclosure, and this effect is mainly driven by SOEs. Third, internal control attenuates the negative association between firm digitalization and CSR disclosure, which is more pronounced in SOEs. Finally, minority shareholders exacerbate the negative relationship between digitalization and CSR disclosure, and this effect is more evident in non-SOEs. These results are robust to excluding the potential COVID effect and using an alternative HEXUN CSR disclosure index measure. Originality/value: Digitalization and sustainability have been widely discussed at a macro level, but their relationship at a micro level has been largely overlooked. Moreover, there is hardly any evidence on how governance heterogeneity affects this relationship in emerging economies, especially China. This paper addresses these issues by providing empirical evidence on how digital transformation influences CSR disclosure in China, a context where digitalization and CSR are both rapidly evolving. The paper also offers implications for both practitioners and policymakers to design appropriate digital strategies for firm development from diverse business perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most commonly used medicinal materials in China. In recent years, the quality of S. miltiorrhiza has attracted much attention. Biotic and abiotic elicitors are widely used in cultivation to improve the quality of medicinal plants. We isolated an endophytic fungus, Mucor fragilis, from S. miltiorrhiza. We compared the effects of endophytic fungal elicitors with those of yeast extract together with silver ion, widely used together as effective elicitors, on S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Seventeen primary metabolites (amino acids and fatty acids) and five secondary metabolites (diterpenoids and phenolic acids) were analyzed after elicitor treatment. The mycelium extract promoted the accumulation of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Additionally, qPCR revealed that elicitors affect the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites by regulating the expression of key genes (SmAACT , SmGGPPS , and SmPAL). This is the first detection of both the primary and secondary metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots, and the results of this work should help guide the quality control of S. miltiorrhiza. In addition, the findings confirm that Mucor fragilis functions as an effective endophytic fungal elicitor with excellent application prospect for cultivation of medicinal plants. • 5 primary metabolites, 17 secondary metabolites, and 3 key genes were simultaneously detected in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. • A novel endophytic fungal elicitor derived from S. miltiorrhiza was isolated and prepared. • The fungal elicitor exhibited a similar effect with YE + Ag+ when up-regulating C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 contents. • The effects of elicitors on primary and secondary metabolite accumulations in S. miltiorrhiza were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water scarcity has a destructive impact on the social and economic development around the world. The present study investigated the variations of drought conditions during 1961–2016 in the Zoige Wetland of Southwest China by adapting the Mann–Kendall (MK) analysis, the Theil–Sen slope estimator, continuous wavelet transforms (CWT), and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm. The partial correlation coefficient (PC) was also used to understand the causes of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) characteristics from different climate factors. The results showed that the majority of the wetland had a drying trend with a − 0.142/(10 years) rate of SPEI on annual scale, while a 2–8-year significant period was observed on both annual and seasonal scales. In spring, the wetland presented dryness and had a tendency of mitigation except for the northeastern area. In summer, the wetland mainly presented humidity, but it had a drying trend except for the southern area. In autumn, the overall wetland was humid with an abrupt change towards dryness occurring around 1983 and the whole wetland showed a manifest drying trend. In winter, most areas showed drought while the Jiuzhi County and part of the southern wetland had an alleviating trend of drought. The decrease of annual SPEI was primarily due to the decrease in precipitation, the mean temperature increase, and relative humidity decrease that offset the reversed impact of wind speed decrease and sunshine duration decrease. The change of SPEI on a seasonal scale was the consequence of the significant change in precipitation only in winter. The results of this study would be of use for understanding the characteristics of climate variation and water resources management across the Zoige Wetland in a changing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low fall efficacy can lead to activity restriction and loss of independence, which may cause severe adverse consequences. The purpose of this study was to explore fall efficacy among elders with knee osteoarthritis and influential factors in three communities in Beijing, China. A correlational descriptive study design was used with a sample of 117 participants from July 2014 to November 2014. Results showed that participants had low fall efficacy and that fall efficacy correlated with age, gender, body mass index, marital status, education, disease duration, frequency of falls, number of co-morbidities, pain, stiffness, physical function, depression, lower-extremity muscle strength and balance ( r = −0.594 to 0.234, P < 0.05 to 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 52% of variance in fall efficacy was explained by fall frequency, age, body mass index, gender, pain and balance function. Findings suggest that strategies to prevent falls, reduce body weight, improve effective pain management and enhance balance function may improve fall efficacy in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple metamorphic buried-hill hydrocarbon reservoirs have been recently discovered in the Bozhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. Among them, the buried-hill reservoirs in the BZ13, BZ19 and BZ26 regions have the largest condensate gas reserve in eastern China. The hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir has a large thickness with a maximum of ∼1 km, making the oil-equivalent reserve exceed 5 × 108 tons. This study used petrography, isotopes, gas composition, zircon U–Pb geochronology, X-ray diffraction, electronic probe and hydrothermal dissolution experiments to discuss the formation mechanisms of the metamorphic buried-hill reservoirs. The results indicate that the reservoirs 500 m below the surface of the buried hill have been significantly altered by the mantle-derived CO 2. This is supported by the carbon isotope of CO 2 , He isotope of the helium gas, strong negative excursions in δ18O PDB , positive excursions in δ13C PDB , Co/Ni ratio greater than 1 in pyrite and secondary characteristic minerals such as dawsonite. Hydrothermal dissolution experiments using CO 2 result in the precipitation of kaolinite, ankerite and quartz cements, which is consistent with petrographic observation. The mantle-derived CO 2 reacts with feldspars, hornblende, biotite and carbonates, creates secondary dissolution pores and significantly improves reservoir quality. Moreover, partial carbonate cements exhibit negative excursions in δ13C PDB and the depletion of light rare earth elements, indicating the influence of organic acids-bearing low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. Therefore, three development models illustrating the formation of metamorphic buried-hill reservoirs were proposed. This study may serve as a reference for the hydrocarbon exploration in metamorphic buried-hill reservoirs. • Lithology and geochronology of an Archaean metamorphic buried-hill in the Bozhong Depression were clarified. • There are three distinct zones within metamorphic buried-hill reservoirs. • Deep hydrothermal fluids have a significant impact on metamorphic buried-hill reservoirs. • Three reservoir development models were proposed based on the variability of geological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social aging tendencies and increasing chronic disease burdens draw people's attention to the concept of a good death., Objective: This study investigated how Chinese nursing students perceive a good death., Design: A mixed quantitative and qualitative design., Participants and Setting: Four hundred and ninety-three nursing students from one mainland China university and one Macao SAR university participated in the study., Methods: The Good Death Inventory (Chinese version) was used to collect quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Four hundred seventy-two questionnaires were collected, and 21 participants were interviewed. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed through statistics and thematic analysis, respectively., Results: Chinese nursing students gained an average score of 3.76 ± 0.39 in GDI-C. Students from mainland China, female, and with senior grades scored higher in the GDI-C (p < 0.05). Students' good death perception comprised four themes: positive psychological status, no physical suffering, open and supportive social surroundings, and spiritual/religious perfection. Mainland China and Macao students showed high consistency in their ranking of good death dimensions. The first five rankings in GDI-C were domains of being respected as an individual, dying in a favorite place, preparation for death, good relationships with family/medical staff, and environmental comfort. The last five rankings in GDI-C were domains of religious and spiritual comfort, independence, unawareness of death, pride and beauty, and not being a burden to others., Conclusion: Chinese nursing students had a moderate degree of good death perception, characterized by the emphasis on social domains. Nursing students from mainland China and Macao SAR shared a similar perception of a good death in the Chinese context. More hospice care opportunities should be provided to students to train their empathy. Educators should guide students to apply principles of respect/dignity and open communication in the nursing practice., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None declared., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Ecologically sustainable development is the environmental basis of sustainable development. In order to realize ecological sustainable development, we need to study the mental health status of college Chinese learners under the principle of prevention. This study analyzes the correlation and cognition between college Chinese learners' mental health and their mental health status during the learning time through statistical methods and different personalities under various factors. The results show that the learners' mental health state in learning college Chinese is different, the percentage of different personalities under certain factors is different, the relevance and recognition in the learning process are indispensable, and the effect is often different in the length of the learning time, so it is of great significance to the learners' mental health state., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yuyan Liu and Xiaoyan Jin.)

In recent years, neural network-based English-Chinese translation models have gradually supplanted traditional translation methods. The neural translation model primarily models the entire translation process using the "encoder-attention-decoder" structure. Simultaneously, grammar knowledge is essential for translation, as it aids in the grammatical representation of word sequences and reduces grammatical errors. The focus of this article is on two major studies on attention mechanisms and grammatical knowledge, which will be used to carry out the following two studies. Firstly, in view of the existing neural network structure to build translation model caused by long distance dependent on long-distance information lost in the delivery, leading to problems in terms of the translation effect which is not ideal, put forward a kind of embedded attention long short-term memory (LSTM) network translation model. Secondly, in view of the lack of grammatical prior knowledge in translation models, a method is proposed to integrate grammatical information into translation models as prior knowledge. Finally, the proposed model is simulated on the IWSLT2019 dataset. The results show that the proposed model has a better representation of source language context information than the existing translation model based on the standard LSTM model., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Xiaoda Zhao and Xiaoyan Jin.)

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and depression are both major health issues influencing the quality of elderly life. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of depression and the factors influencing depression in community-dwelling elderly patients with OA of the knee in China., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study included 214 participants aged 60 and older diagnosed with OA of the knee. The depression of the elderly was measured by using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the GDS, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the society dimension of Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2). In addition, the participants performed a timed up and go test (TUG) and the stair-climb test (SCT)., Results: The average age of the participants was 69.2 ± 7.63 years old, their body mass index (BMI) was 25.2 ± 3.85, and their disease duration was 5.9 ± 7.72 years. The mean total score of the GDS was 4.43 ± 2.89, and the GDS scores correlated positively with pain (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), stiffness (r = 0.40, P < 0.001), physical function (r = 0.52, P < 0.001),TUG (r = 0.35, P < 0.001), and SCT (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) and negatively with social support (r = - 0.35, P < 0.001).Analysis using multiple regression demonstrated that physical function, social support, and SCT explained 36.8% of the variance in depression., Conclusions: Our findings suggested that physical function, social support, and lower extremity strength were predictors of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elderly people with OA of the knee. Focusing on this elderly group with increasing functional exercise, positive social interaction and support, and lower limb muscle strength training should help in the prevention of depression., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD) is a rare entity. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with pathologically confirmed IgG4-RLD to improve the diagnosis rate and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis., Methods: We screened the pathological reports of 4838 patients with pulmonary surgery and/or biopsy specimens from April 2017 to April 2021 at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated with Sun Yat-Sen University, and specimens from 65 patients with suspected IgG4-RLD were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for IgG4 and IgG. Finally, 10 patients with definite IgG4-RLD that was pathologically confirmed were enrolled and analyzed., Results: The incidence of pathologically confirmed IgG4-RLD was 0.2% (10/4838). The ten patients had an average age of 59.7 years at diagnosis, and the male-to-female ratio was 9:1. The initial clinical manifestations were nonspecific, and cough was the most common symptom (4/10). More than one organ was involved in most patients (8/10), and mediastinal/hilar lymph node involvement was often observed (7/10). Serum IgG4 was analyzed in 6 patients and found to be elevated. Serum tumor marker levels were within the normal range or were slightly elevated. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and/or 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET-CT) imaging revealed that 5 patients had a mixed type, 3 patients had the solid nodular type, and 2 patients had the bronchovascular type. All pulmonary masses and large nodules with solid patterns had spiculated margins and inhomogeneous enhancement with or without pleural indentation and a lobulated appearance. Abundant lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration and fibrosis were observed in all patients. The expression of IgG4 and IgG was upregulated in the pulmonary sections. Seven patients were treated with glucocorticoids with or without additional immunosuppressants and responded well., Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that multiple imaging findings, an elevated serum IgG4 concentration, and no significant increase in serum tumor biomarkers could provide diagnostic support for IgG4-RLD, especially for isolated IgG4-RLD or IgG4-RLD that includes other organ involvement that does not aid in establishing the diagnosis., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Objectives: Given the increased ageing population and frequent epidemic challenges, it is vital to have the nurse workforce of sufficient quantity and quality. This study aimed to demonstrate the trends, composition and distribution of nurse workforce in China., Design: Secondary analysis using national public datasets in China from 2003 to 2018., Setting/participants: National population, nurse workforce and physician workforce., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Frequency and proportion were used to demonstrate: (1) the longitudinal growth of nurse workforce; (2) the diversity of nurse workforce in gender, age, work experience and education level; and (3) the distribution of nurse workforce among provinces, rural-urban areas and hospital/community settings. The Gini coefficient and Theil L index were used to measure the inequality trends of nurse workforce., Results: The total number of nurses increased from 1.3 million to 4.1 million and the density increased from 1 to 2.94 per 1000 population over 2003-2018. The nurses to physician ratio changed from 0.65:1 to 1.14:1. The majority of the nurse workforce was female, under 35 years old, with less than 30 years of work experience, with an associate's degree and employed within hospitals. Central and eastern regions had more nurses and there were 5.08 nurses per 1000 population in urban areas while less than two in rural areas in 2018. The Gini coefficient and between-provincial Theil index experienced a consistent decline. Within-province inequality accounted for overall inequality has risen from 52.38% in 2010 to 71.43% in 2018 suggested that the differences of distribution are mainly reflected in urban and rural areas., Conclusion: Chinese nurse workforce has been changed significantly in the past 15 years that may be associated with the reformations of policy, nursing education in China. Our study suggests current features in the nurse workforce and can be used to strengthen future health services., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: The present study compared the effectiveness of asthma control test (ACT)-guided treatment vs. usual care (UC) in patients with asthma from China., Methods: This prospective, phase IV, multicenter, cluster-randomized, open-label 24-week study was conducted in China; patients were randomized to either ACT-guided treatment or UC group. The patients recorded peak expiratory flow, symptoms, and medication in a diary card every day and completed ACT at every clinic visit. For the UC group, patients completed ACT after the physician's treatment decision., Results: In total, 83.6% patients (n = 443/530; ACT: n = 209, UC: n = 234) completed the study. A significantly higher proportion of patients (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 7.87 (1.29, 48.11; p = 0.027) responded to the treatment and had ACT total score ≥20 or demonstrated an improvement of >3 points in ACT total score in ≥1 post-baseline assessment in the ACT-guided treatment vs. UC group. A higher proportion of patients had an ACT total score ≥20 and an improvement of >3 points in ACT total score at Week 24 in the ACT-guided treatment vs. the UC group (adjusted OR (95% CI):2.28 (1.07, 4.85; p = 0.036). A significant difference (p = 0.005) in change from baseline in ACT total score was observed in ACT-guided treatment vs. UC group at Week 24. The mean annual exacerbation rate was similar in both the groups., Conclusions: ACT-guided treatment was more effective in achieving ACT total score ≥20 or showing an improvement of >3 points in the ACT total score and well tolerated compared with UC treatment in the 24-week treatment period., Trial Registration: Clinical trials.gov Identifier: NCT02868281, https://clinicaltrials.gov/; GlaxoSmithKline study ID: 201097, https://www.gsk-studyregister.com/., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Enhancers are emerging regulatory regions controlling gene expression in diverse cancer types. However, the functions of enhancer regulatory circuit perturbations driven by copy number variations (CNVs) in malignant glioma are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the comprehensive enhancer regulatory perturbation and identify potential biomarkers in glioma. Results: We performed a meta-analysis of the enhancer centered regulatory circuit perturbations in 683 gliomas by integrating CNVs, gene expression, and transcription factors (TFs) binding. We found widespread CNVs of enhancers during glioma progression, and CNVs were associated with the perturbations of enhancer activities. In particular, the degree of perturbations for amplified enhancers was much greater accompanied by the glioma malignant progression. In addition, CNVs and enhancers cooperatively regulated the expressions of cancer-related genes. Genome-wide TF binding profiles revealed that enhancers were pervasively regulated by TFs. A network-based analysis of TF-enhancer-gene regulatory circuits revealed a core TF-gene module (58 interactions including seven genes and 14 TFs) that was associated survival of patients with glioma (p < 0.001). Finally, we validated this prognosis-associated TF-gene regulatory module in an independent cohort. In summary, our analyses provided new molecular insights for enhancer-centered transcriptional perturbation in glioma therapy. Conclusion: Integrative analysis revealed enhancer regulatory perturbations in glioma and also identified a network module that was associated with patient survival, thereby providing novel insights into enhancer-centered cancer therapy., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Purpose: To translate the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ)-bladder diary into Chinese and validate it among Chinese women with lower urinary tract symptoms., Methods: After receiving permission to translate and validate the ICIQ-bladder diary from Bristol Urological Institute, a Chinese ICIQ-bladder diary was developed through translation, re-translation and cultural adaption. Subsequently, we tested its reliability, validity and responsiveness and evaluated its optimal record duration among females with lower urinary tract symptoms., Results: A total of 146 participants were recruited in the study. We interviewed eight women about the content and format of the ICIQ-bladder diary, and they all thought it was clear and easy to use. Nineteen women completed the ICIQ-bladder diary twice with a 2-week interval. The resulting agreement of each item fluctuated between 0.582 and 0.940. A total of 11 urologists and nurses evaluated its content validity, and the experts' authority was 0.94 ± 0.06. The item content validity index of the ICIQ-bladder diary was 0.909-1.000, and the scale content validity index was 0.974. Another 22 women recorded their information in the ICIQ-bladder diary pre- and post-treatment, which showed a significant difference (P < 0.01), demonstrating rigorous responsiveness. Eighty-six women completed the ICIQ-bladder diary for 4 days, and the optimal duration of the ICIQ-bladder diary was tested as 3 days., Conclusions: The Chinese ICIQ-bladder diary demonstrates good stability, strong content validity and rigorous responsiveness among Chinese women with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and has spread globally. Diabetics are at increased risk of infections caused by a variety of pathogens including viruses. The present research aims to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with diabetes., Methods: A retrospective multicenter study of COVID-19 patients with diabetes was conducted in four hospitals in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Anhui Province. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or next-generation sequencing was carried out to confirm the existence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from respiratory specimens., Results: A total of 54 diabetics (10.36%) were recruited from among 521 COVID-19 patients, with a median age of 63 (interquartile range, 52-70) years. Among them, 51 had been previously diagnosed with diabetes and 3 had been newly diagnosed based on glycosylated hemoglobin over 6.5%. For COVID-19, 47 of the 54 patients had an exposure history. Fever (47/54, 87.04%), dry cough (36/54, 66.67%), and expectoration (21/53, 39.62%) were among the top three symptoms. Lung infiltration was bilateral (46/52, 88.46%) and multilobe (47/52, 90.38%), and ground-glass opacity (36/37, 97.30%) was the most common pattern in radiological images. Moreover, COVID-19 patients with diabetes were prone to be classified as severe or critical cases (46.30%, 25/54) and had complications such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute kidney injury. The proportions of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths among the COVID-19 diabetics were 14.81% (8/54) and 12.96% (7/54), respectively., Conclusions: With older age, diabetics diagnosed as having COVID-19 were prone to develop into severe cases and exhibited a high rate of ICU admission and mortality., (© 2020 Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: Simulation has been widely adopted in nursing education, as is known to all, the quality of simulation could be affected by many factors. Since there is not a comprehensive and scientific evaluation Index system, it is important to construct an evaluation Index system to guide high-quality simulation., Objectives: To construct the Evaluation Index system of Nursing Simulation teaching Quality and determine the weight of each indicator., Design: It is a phenomenological research study., Settings: The study was mainly conducted in one universities in China., Participants: 27 nursing education experts from China participated in this study., Methods: This study combines the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process method., Results: Evaluation Index system of Nursing Simulation teaching Quality is built using Delphi method, including five first level index (Teacher, Student, Simulation design characteristics, Educational practices and Outcomes), 14 secondary index and 62 tertiary index. It's determined through a two-rounded experts consultation involving 27 experts. The recovery rates of two rounds consultation questionnaire were respectively 96.43% and 100%, and coefficient authority was 0.89. The Kendall's W of second and third level index were respectively 0.515 and 0.589 (P < 0.001). And the weighted value of quality index are established at all levels with the consistency ratio (C.R.) <0.1, demonstrating that Teacher (0.4109) came first among the five first-level index followed by Student (0.2593), the Educational practices (0.1812), Simulation design characteristics (0.096) and Outcomes (0.0527)., Conclusions: The quality index of nursing simulation education is scientific and reliable, so as its weight assignment. It can be a guidance for high-quality simulation teaching, and it is a valid tool to evaluate the quality of simulation teaching in nursing., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Simulation has been widely adopted in nursing education, while it is difficult to evaluate the quality of simulation. AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation could be an effective method based on one a comprehensive and scientific evaluation Index system., Objectives: To evaluate the quality of simulation teaching in ⟨Fundamental Nursing Curriculum⟩ with fuzzy comprehensive method, and to provide a scientific evaluation method for the improvement of simulation teaching., Design: It is a phenomenological research study., Settings: The study was mainly conducted in one university in China., Participants: 94 second-year nursing students participated in this study., Methods: The grade 2015 nursing undergraduate students in Peking university school of nursing as the evaluation subjects were to evaluate the simulation teaching quality on ⟨Fundamental Nursing Curriculum⟩, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method was used., Results: The quality score is 73.55-100 (91.71 ± 6.98) points of 94 students. According to the result of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the simulation teaching quality belonging to the "excellent, good, moderate, poor, very poor" of membership degree are respectively "0.6794, 0.2500, 0.00640, 0.0039, 0.0028", and by maximum membership degree of effective inspection, calculate ɑ = 2.3965, 1 ≤ ɑ < + ∞., Conclusions: The application of simulation teaching in ⟨Fundamental Nursing Curriculum⟩ proves high quality. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combining subjective evaluation and objective evaluation proves to be a scientific and feasible methodology in nursing education., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: is the first specialized curriculum for nursing students, laying a foundation for nursing education. includes many important basic nursing skills, which suggests the traditional examination could not evaluate how well students learn. Since the OSCE (objective structured clinical examination) developed, it has been used among newly graduated nurses, postgraduate nursing students and achieved some success. OSCE might be a better way to evaluate and reflect students' fundamental nursing skills and comprehensive abilities, although few studies have put it into practice., Objectives: To build an examination model relating to based on OSCE, and put this examination model into practice, and then evaluate the reliability and validity of this examination model., Design: This study is to design an examination model based on literature and teaching purposes of . A quantitative descriptive survey methodology was used to obtain the students' outcome and the views of the students on the process and outcome., Settings: This study was conducted in the nursing school of one comprehensive university in Beijing, China., Participants: 99 undergraduate nursing students in second year participated in this study., Methods: The OSCE consisted of 4 interactive simulated patient stations, 2 operating stations without standard patients, 2 theoretical stations. We designed 4 standardized process-based case scenarios and corresponding scripts pertinent to each station. 4 standard patients and 8 teachers of were recruited, trained and evaluated before the implementation of objective structured clinical examination., Results: The average score of overall fundamental nursing skills was 90.51 ± 4.00. The Cronbach alpha was 0.665, demonstrating the OSCE is reliable. The content validity of each station varies from 0.90-1, and the criterion validity was promising (R = 0.661, p = 0.000). Also, most students were in favor of OSCE to evaluate in ., Conclusions: The OSCE is a reliable and valid assessment tool in . Meanwhile, it could inspire students' critical thinking and promote students' communication skills. Through successive application of OSCE in nursing education from the very beginning, it might also have some potential effect on the clinical performance., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Nurse-physician collaboration is a critical prerequisite for high-quality care. Previous researchers have addressed multiple factors that influence collaboration. However, little of this research has explored the influence of interactional factors on nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration in China., Aims: To examine the influence of interactional factors (effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate) on nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration., Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 971 registered nurses in nine hospitals was conducted. An author-designed interactional factor questionnaire and the Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis was used., Results: Nurse-physician collaboration was identified as at a moderate level (mean = 3.93 ± 0.68). Interactional factors (effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate) were identified as relatively moderate to high (mean = 4.03 ± 0.68, mean = 3.87 ± 0.75, mean = 4.50 ± 0.59, respectively). The results showed that effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate explained 57.3% of the variance in nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration (Adjusted R 2  = 0.573, F = 435.563, P < 0.001). Perceived respect (β = 0.378) was the strongest factor relevant to nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration, second was effective communication (β = 0.315), and the weakest factor among these three factors was willingness to collaborate (β = 0.160)., Conclusion: Nurses' perceptions of collaboration were relatively positive, mainly in Sharing of patient information; however, improvements need to be made regarding Joint participation in the cure/care decision-making process. Effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate significantly affect nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration, with perceived respect having greater explanatory power among the three interactional factors. It is necessary for hospital managers to develop strategies to build professional respect for nurses, facilitate effective nurse-physician communication and improve nurses' willingness to collaborate., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)